This document discusses detecting trigger points and irreversible thresholds in shock and trauma patients during catastrophic events when clinical infrastructure may be limited. It proposes that unstable recurrent patterns in physiological parameters could serve as early indicators of critical conditions. The document reviews using models like the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation to identify recurrent patterns in dissipative systems and associates these patterns with medical conditions to aid triage and forecasting needs under adverse conditions with sparse data. Further work is needed to determine relevant physiological parameters and associate recurrent patterns in those parameters with medical outcomes.
This document presents refined age- and gender-stratified reference data for quantitative sensory testing (QST) parameters from a large dataset. It also proposes two statistical methods for comparing patient group data to this reference dataset.
Method 1 treats the reference data mean as the known population mean, equivalent to a paired t-test. Method 2 performs a non-paired t-test but virtually subsamples the reference data to match the patient group size, making it more conservative. Simulations show Method 2 provides a bias-free comparison without requiring access to the full reference dataset. The stratified reference data and comparison methods allow standardized evaluation and comparison of QST results across studies.
The document discusses the different stages of learning to read and write. It notes that each child develops at their own pace and rhythm. The stages are: 1) Indifferent scribbles, 2) Differentiated scribbles, 3) Syllabic writing, 4) Syllabic alphabetic writing, and 5) Alphabetic writing, with children progressing from general marks and shapes to connecting letters to sounds and fully alphabetic writing.
Third Generation Teaching and Learning DevelopmentMark Brown
The document discusses the transition towards a third generation model of teaching and learning support that integrates staff and student development. It outlines Massey University's movement from disconnected first and second generation support models to its current Centers for Teaching and Learning, which take a holistic approach through curriculum-embedded services across teaching, learning, and academic development. The presentation raises issues to consider regarding maintaining effectiveness and impact with changing needs and the potential for new challenges.
Innovation principles provide guidance for starting and renewing or creating something new. Principles of innovation include looking for contrasts, interacting with everything, being chaordic, questioning assumptions, looking beyond the obvious, trusting intuition, and trying new relationships to gain insights. Insights occur when recognizing unexpected relationships or creating new associations between disparate ideas, things, or actions that could help solve problems. Innovation means exploring any possibility to create something new.
El documento proporciona una breve biografía del poeta español Federico García Lorca. Nació en 1898 en Granada y estudió filosofía, derecho y música en la Universidad de Granada, donde se hizo amigo de otros intelectuales. Publicó su primer libro de poemas en 1918 y escribió varios poemas famosos como "Romance de la luna" antes de ser asesinado en 1936.
Twitter is a service that allows users to stay connected through short messages called tweets. Users can follow others on Twitter to view their tweets in real time on their homepage. To begin using Twitter, users should sign up for a free account, find people to follow such as friends or colleagues, and participate in conversations by tweeting and engaging with others.
This document outlines a collaboration between schools in Rhodes, Greece and Bergen, Norway called the COMENIUS Regio project. The project aims to compare forms of delinquent behavior between the two places and suggest solutions. It establishes work teams to examine issues like school rules, integration, bullying, illegal behavior, and school support systems. The project schedule over 2012-2013 includes meetings, visits between the regions, developing online collaboration tools like a wiki and Facebook page, and creating a website to share results. The goal is to better understand and address delinquent behavior in schools.
This document presents refined age- and gender-stratified reference data for quantitative sensory testing (QST) parameters from a large dataset. It also proposes two statistical methods for comparing patient group data to this reference dataset.
Method 1 treats the reference data mean as the known population mean, equivalent to a paired t-test. Method 2 performs a non-paired t-test but virtually subsamples the reference data to match the patient group size, making it more conservative. Simulations show Method 2 provides a bias-free comparison without requiring access to the full reference dataset. The stratified reference data and comparison methods allow standardized evaluation and comparison of QST results across studies.
The document discusses the different stages of learning to read and write. It notes that each child develops at their own pace and rhythm. The stages are: 1) Indifferent scribbles, 2) Differentiated scribbles, 3) Syllabic writing, 4) Syllabic alphabetic writing, and 5) Alphabetic writing, with children progressing from general marks and shapes to connecting letters to sounds and fully alphabetic writing.
Third Generation Teaching and Learning DevelopmentMark Brown
The document discusses the transition towards a third generation model of teaching and learning support that integrates staff and student development. It outlines Massey University's movement from disconnected first and second generation support models to its current Centers for Teaching and Learning, which take a holistic approach through curriculum-embedded services across teaching, learning, and academic development. The presentation raises issues to consider regarding maintaining effectiveness and impact with changing needs and the potential for new challenges.
Innovation principles provide guidance for starting and renewing or creating something new. Principles of innovation include looking for contrasts, interacting with everything, being chaordic, questioning assumptions, looking beyond the obvious, trusting intuition, and trying new relationships to gain insights. Insights occur when recognizing unexpected relationships or creating new associations between disparate ideas, things, or actions that could help solve problems. Innovation means exploring any possibility to create something new.
El documento proporciona una breve biografía del poeta español Federico García Lorca. Nació en 1898 en Granada y estudió filosofía, derecho y música en la Universidad de Granada, donde se hizo amigo de otros intelectuales. Publicó su primer libro de poemas en 1918 y escribió varios poemas famosos como "Romance de la luna" antes de ser asesinado en 1936.
Twitter is a service that allows users to stay connected through short messages called tweets. Users can follow others on Twitter to view their tweets in real time on their homepage. To begin using Twitter, users should sign up for a free account, find people to follow such as friends or colleagues, and participate in conversations by tweeting and engaging with others.
This document outlines a collaboration between schools in Rhodes, Greece and Bergen, Norway called the COMENIUS Regio project. The project aims to compare forms of delinquent behavior between the two places and suggest solutions. It establishes work teams to examine issues like school rules, integration, bullying, illegal behavior, and school support systems. The project schedule over 2012-2013 includes meetings, visits between the regions, developing online collaboration tools like a wiki and Facebook page, and creating a website to share results. The goal is to better understand and address delinquent behavior in schools.
Confrontan los resultados de esta jornada con los obtenidos en la primera y r...Ale Cosali
El documento compara los resultados de dos jornadas de práctica docente y reflexiona sobre los retos de enseñar a niños. En la primera jornada, los objetivos se cumplieron a pesar del poco contenido, y los aprendizajes fueron significativos. En la segunda jornada, se dominaron mejor los campos disciplinarios y hubo mayor participación de los niños gracias a estrategias reflexivas y dinámicas lúdicas. Las asignaturas con mayores logros fueron matemáticas y entidad donde vivo en la primera jornada, mientras
This document provides instructions for setting up and using a SmartBoard, including:
1. Installing the included software on computers and plugging in cables to connect the SmartBoard to computers and projectors.
2. Orienting the SmartBoard using the included software tools to calibrate its touch sensitivity.
3. Demonstrating three main uses of the SmartBoard - for demonstrations/teaching, presentations, and meeting notes - and how to utilize the annotation tools for each.
4. Guidance on moving the SmartBoard, adjusting its height, and extending/retracting its feet for mobility.
Systems Assessment - Workshop FrameworkJeff Granger
The document summarizes the framework and content for an information architecture workshop on the FMCSA Medical Program. The two-day workshop aims to develop a common understanding of the program's information needs and map out a roadmap and high-level design. Sessions will identify stakeholders, requirements, functional capabilities, and produce artifacts like a requirements matrix and roadmap model to guide future systems development. The workshop will use collaborative exercises and strawman content to efficiently surface interdependencies and integration opportunities across the medical program.
O documento resume os resultados financeiros e operacionais da Tele Celular Sul no primeiro trimestre de 2004, destacando:
1) Crescimento de 25% na base de clientes, totalizando 2,1 milhões;
2) Adições líquidas de 136 mil clientes, aumento de 365% em relação ao ano anterior;
3) Receita bruta total de R$421,8 milhões, expansão de 32,9%.
La tecnología se refiere a los conocimientos técnicos ordenados científicamente que permiten diseñar y crear bienes y servicios para satisfacer las necesidades humanas. Los avances tecnológicos de la década de 1960 permitieron a la humanidad explorar el espacio exterior por primera vez. La tecnología puede referirse a objetos, sistemas, métodos de organización y técnicas específicas aplicadas a áreas como la construcción, la medicina y la información.
This document describes a flexible polymer film-based sensor network system called SenseNet for medical monitoring applications. The SenseNet uses polymer film patches laminated with wireless communication components and embedded visual sensors based on compound eye technology. These sensor patches can be applied in various medical environments both internal and external to continuously monitor patients and procedures in situations where staffing may be limited. The visual sensor units take inspiration from insect eyes to create compact imaging systems. The overall system architecture involves individual sensor patches communicating data via wireless networks to a central server and database for real-time monitoring and historical recording by medical staff and observers.
El documento lista 10 pruebas de atletismo como la carrera de obstáculos, salto de pértiga, 100 metros lisos, salto de longitud, lanzamiento de jabalina, lanzamiento de martillo, salto de altura y lanzamiento de disco. Explica que la distancia de la maratón de 42.195 metros se estableció en los Juegos Olímpicos de 1908 en Londres para que la carrera terminara frente al palco real en el estadio.
A 08-suffering- part i-sanctified walkingCybermissions
The document discusses walking in the Spirit versus walking in the flesh. It notes that there are two ways to live according to the Bible: walking in the Spirit or walking in the flesh. Walking in the Spirit involves being led by the Holy Spirit and produces the fruit of the Spirit, while walking in the flesh involves indulging sinful desires and will prevent inheriting God's kingdom. The conclusion encourages believers to abide in Christ in order to bear spiritual fruit and please God.
This document discusses integrating process improvement and transformational innovation. [1] It notes that organizations face challenges innovating due to tight budgets but need flexibility in solutions. [2] Innovations can impact internal processes, products/services, or business models/markets differently. [3] Any innovation diffuses through communication over time within a social system. Organizations must transform themselves to appear reliable to mainstream markets and innovate internally before pursuing new products or markets. The document provides recommendations for innovating on a tight budget like focusing on internal processes or leveraging university speakers.
The Office of the Historian at the U.S. Department of State moved to an open source XML platform to publish digital documents in order to break through barriers of their old system, improve the user experience, and future proof their publications. They chose to use TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) XML and the eXist native XML database with oXygen XML editor to build on their editorial traditions while delivering better online content like enhanced glossaries and footnotes. This open platform allows them to adapt to new formats and initiatives while contributing back to the open source community.
This document provides a gallery of photos showing British athlete Jessica Ennis winning gold and competing in various events at the 2012 Olympics. The 3 photos show Jess winning gold in the Olympics, doing the 110m hurdles, and waving her gold medal in triumph.
This document provides an overview of survival analysis concepts and methods. It defines time-to-event data and censoring, and describes how to calculate a Kaplan-Meier survival curve from censored data. It also discusses log-rank tests to compare survival curves between groups and the Cox proportional hazards regression model for assessing the effects of multiple covariates on survival.
A Mechanistic, Stochastic Model Helps Understand Multiple Sclerosis Course an...Mutiple Sclerosis
Isabella Bordi, Renato Umeton, Vito A. G. Ricigliano, Viviana Annibali, Rosella Mechelli, Giovanni Ristori, Francesca Grassi, Marco Salvetti, and Alfonso Sutera
Heritable and nonheritable factors play a role in multiple sclerosis, but their effect size appears too small, explaining relatively little about disease etiology. Assuming that the factors that trigger the onset of the disease are, to some extent, also those that generate its remissions and relapses, we attempted to model the erratic behaviour of the disease course as observed on a dataset containing the time series of relapses and remissions of 70 patients free of disease-modifying therapies. We show that relapses and remissions follow exponential decaying distributions, excluding periodic recurrences and confirming that relapses manifest randomly in time. It is found that a mechanistic model with a random forcing describes in a satisfactory manner the occurrence of relapses and remissions, and the differences in the length of time spent in each one of the two states. This model may describe how interactions between "soft" etiologic factors occasionally reach the disease threshold thanks to comparably small external random perturbations. The model offers a new context to rethink key problems such as "missing heritability" and "hidden environmental structure" in the etiology of complex traits.
From last four decades of research it is well-established that all electrophysiological signals are nonlinear, irregular and aperiodic. Since those signals are used in everyday clinical practice as diagnostic tools (EMG, ECG, EEG), a huge progress in using it in making diagnostic more precise and
The document discusses survival analysis and Cox regression for cancer clinical trials. It begins with an overview of clinical trials for cancer, noting their complexity, long duration, high costs, and ethical concerns. It then covers survival analysis, describing key concepts like survival curves, hazard functions, and the Kaplan-Meier method for estimating survival when there is censoring. The document provides an example of survival data from a cancer study and discusses assumptions and parameters used in survival analysis like median and mean survival times.
Este manual es útil e indispensable para el uso del "Package TesSurvRec_1.2.1" de CRAN. Importante para estadístico, médicos, farmacéuticos, seguros, bancos, ingenieros, psicólogos, astrónomos, entre otras profesiones. Son pruebas estadísticas que se utilizan para medir diferencias entre funciones del análisis de supervivencias de grupos de poblaciones que manifiestan eventos recurrentes.
Confrontan los resultados de esta jornada con los obtenidos en la primera y r...Ale Cosali
El documento compara los resultados de dos jornadas de práctica docente y reflexiona sobre los retos de enseñar a niños. En la primera jornada, los objetivos se cumplieron a pesar del poco contenido, y los aprendizajes fueron significativos. En la segunda jornada, se dominaron mejor los campos disciplinarios y hubo mayor participación de los niños gracias a estrategias reflexivas y dinámicas lúdicas. Las asignaturas con mayores logros fueron matemáticas y entidad donde vivo en la primera jornada, mientras
This document provides instructions for setting up and using a SmartBoard, including:
1. Installing the included software on computers and plugging in cables to connect the SmartBoard to computers and projectors.
2. Orienting the SmartBoard using the included software tools to calibrate its touch sensitivity.
3. Demonstrating three main uses of the SmartBoard - for demonstrations/teaching, presentations, and meeting notes - and how to utilize the annotation tools for each.
4. Guidance on moving the SmartBoard, adjusting its height, and extending/retracting its feet for mobility.
Systems Assessment - Workshop FrameworkJeff Granger
The document summarizes the framework and content for an information architecture workshop on the FMCSA Medical Program. The two-day workshop aims to develop a common understanding of the program's information needs and map out a roadmap and high-level design. Sessions will identify stakeholders, requirements, functional capabilities, and produce artifacts like a requirements matrix and roadmap model to guide future systems development. The workshop will use collaborative exercises and strawman content to efficiently surface interdependencies and integration opportunities across the medical program.
O documento resume os resultados financeiros e operacionais da Tele Celular Sul no primeiro trimestre de 2004, destacando:
1) Crescimento de 25% na base de clientes, totalizando 2,1 milhões;
2) Adições líquidas de 136 mil clientes, aumento de 365% em relação ao ano anterior;
3) Receita bruta total de R$421,8 milhões, expansão de 32,9%.
La tecnología se refiere a los conocimientos técnicos ordenados científicamente que permiten diseñar y crear bienes y servicios para satisfacer las necesidades humanas. Los avances tecnológicos de la década de 1960 permitieron a la humanidad explorar el espacio exterior por primera vez. La tecnología puede referirse a objetos, sistemas, métodos de organización y técnicas específicas aplicadas a áreas como la construcción, la medicina y la información.
This document describes a flexible polymer film-based sensor network system called SenseNet for medical monitoring applications. The SenseNet uses polymer film patches laminated with wireless communication components and embedded visual sensors based on compound eye technology. These sensor patches can be applied in various medical environments both internal and external to continuously monitor patients and procedures in situations where staffing may be limited. The visual sensor units take inspiration from insect eyes to create compact imaging systems. The overall system architecture involves individual sensor patches communicating data via wireless networks to a central server and database for real-time monitoring and historical recording by medical staff and observers.
El documento lista 10 pruebas de atletismo como la carrera de obstáculos, salto de pértiga, 100 metros lisos, salto de longitud, lanzamiento de jabalina, lanzamiento de martillo, salto de altura y lanzamiento de disco. Explica que la distancia de la maratón de 42.195 metros se estableció en los Juegos Olímpicos de 1908 en Londres para que la carrera terminara frente al palco real en el estadio.
A 08-suffering- part i-sanctified walkingCybermissions
The document discusses walking in the Spirit versus walking in the flesh. It notes that there are two ways to live according to the Bible: walking in the Spirit or walking in the flesh. Walking in the Spirit involves being led by the Holy Spirit and produces the fruit of the Spirit, while walking in the flesh involves indulging sinful desires and will prevent inheriting God's kingdom. The conclusion encourages believers to abide in Christ in order to bear spiritual fruit and please God.
This document discusses integrating process improvement and transformational innovation. [1] It notes that organizations face challenges innovating due to tight budgets but need flexibility in solutions. [2] Innovations can impact internal processes, products/services, or business models/markets differently. [3] Any innovation diffuses through communication over time within a social system. Organizations must transform themselves to appear reliable to mainstream markets and innovate internally before pursuing new products or markets. The document provides recommendations for innovating on a tight budget like focusing on internal processes or leveraging university speakers.
The Office of the Historian at the U.S. Department of State moved to an open source XML platform to publish digital documents in order to break through barriers of their old system, improve the user experience, and future proof their publications. They chose to use TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) XML and the eXist native XML database with oXygen XML editor to build on their editorial traditions while delivering better online content like enhanced glossaries and footnotes. This open platform allows them to adapt to new formats and initiatives while contributing back to the open source community.
This document provides a gallery of photos showing British athlete Jessica Ennis winning gold and competing in various events at the 2012 Olympics. The 3 photos show Jess winning gold in the Olympics, doing the 110m hurdles, and waving her gold medal in triumph.
This document provides an overview of survival analysis concepts and methods. It defines time-to-event data and censoring, and describes how to calculate a Kaplan-Meier survival curve from censored data. It also discusses log-rank tests to compare survival curves between groups and the Cox proportional hazards regression model for assessing the effects of multiple covariates on survival.
A Mechanistic, Stochastic Model Helps Understand Multiple Sclerosis Course an...Mutiple Sclerosis
Isabella Bordi, Renato Umeton, Vito A. G. Ricigliano, Viviana Annibali, Rosella Mechelli, Giovanni Ristori, Francesca Grassi, Marco Salvetti, and Alfonso Sutera
Heritable and nonheritable factors play a role in multiple sclerosis, but their effect size appears too small, explaining relatively little about disease etiology. Assuming that the factors that trigger the onset of the disease are, to some extent, also those that generate its remissions and relapses, we attempted to model the erratic behaviour of the disease course as observed on a dataset containing the time series of relapses and remissions of 70 patients free of disease-modifying therapies. We show that relapses and remissions follow exponential decaying distributions, excluding periodic recurrences and confirming that relapses manifest randomly in time. It is found that a mechanistic model with a random forcing describes in a satisfactory manner the occurrence of relapses and remissions, and the differences in the length of time spent in each one of the two states. This model may describe how interactions between "soft" etiologic factors occasionally reach the disease threshold thanks to comparably small external random perturbations. The model offers a new context to rethink key problems such as "missing heritability" and "hidden environmental structure" in the etiology of complex traits.
From last four decades of research it is well-established that all electrophysiological signals are nonlinear, irregular and aperiodic. Since those signals are used in everyday clinical practice as diagnostic tools (EMG, ECG, EEG), a huge progress in using it in making diagnostic more precise and
The document discusses survival analysis and Cox regression for cancer clinical trials. It begins with an overview of clinical trials for cancer, noting their complexity, long duration, high costs, and ethical concerns. It then covers survival analysis, describing key concepts like survival curves, hazard functions, and the Kaplan-Meier method for estimating survival when there is censoring. The document provides an example of survival data from a cancer study and discusses assumptions and parameters used in survival analysis like median and mean survival times.
Este manual es útil e indispensable para el uso del "Package TesSurvRec_1.2.1" de CRAN. Importante para estadístico, médicos, farmacéuticos, seguros, bancos, ingenieros, psicólogos, astrónomos, entre otras profesiones. Son pruebas estadísticas que se utilizan para medir diferencias entre funciones del análisis de supervivencias de grupos de poblaciones que manifiestan eventos recurrentes.
Logistic Loglogistic With Long Term Survivors For Split Population ModelWaqas Tariq
Split population models are also known as mixture model . The data used in this paper is Stanford Heart Transplant data. Survival times of potential heart transplant recipients from their date of acceptance into the Stanford Heart Transplant program [3]. This set consists of the survival times, in days, uncensored and censored for the 103 patients and with 3 covariates are considered Ages of patients in years, Surgery and Transplant, failure for these individuals is death. Covariate methods have been examined quite extensively in the context of parametric survival models for which the distribution of the survival times depends on the vector of covariates associated with each individual. See [6] for approaches which accommodate censoring and covariates in the ordinary exponential model for survival. Currently, such mixture models with immunes and covariates are in use in many areas such as medicine and criminology. See for examples [4][5][7]. In our formulation, the covariates are incorporated into a split loglogistic model by allowing the proportion of ultimate failures and the rate of failure to depend on the covariates and the unknown parameter vectors via logistic model. Within this setup, we provide simple sufficient conditions for the existence, consistency, and asymptotic normality of a maximum likelihood estimator for the parameters involved. As an application of this theory, the likelihood ratio test for a difference in immune proportions is shown to have an asymptotic chi-square distribution. These results allow immediate practical applications on the covariates and also provide some insight into the assumptions on the covariates and the censoring mechanism that are likely to be needed in practice. Our models and analysis are described in section 5.
Markov chain and SIR epidemic model (Greenwood model)writwik mandal
This document discusses Markov chains and the SIR epidemic model. It begins by defining random processes and Markov processes, noting that a Markov process is one where the future is independent of the past given the present state. It then introduces the basics of Markov chains, including the transition probability matrix. The document also explains the SIR epidemic model, which categorizes a population into susceptible, infected, and recovered groups. It provides the differential equations that model changes between these groups over time. Finally, it demonstrates how to model an SIR epidemic using a Markov chain with examples.
A Cox model is a statistical technique used to analyze survival data with several explanatory variables. It allows estimation of the hazard or risk of an event like death for an individual based on prognostic factors. A Cox model expresses the hazard as an exponential function of the explanatory variables. Interpreting a Cox model involves examining the regression coefficients - a positive coefficient means a higher hazard/worse prognosis, while a negative coefficient implies a better prognosis. The model from a study of melanoma patients' survival found age and cancer type increased hazard, while male sex decreased it, and interferon treatment did not significantly impact survival.
This document compares several dimension reduction techniques for survival analysis when there are many covariates: principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares (PLS), and three variants of random matrices (RM) based on Johnson-Lindenstrauss embeddings. It simulates 5,000 datasets using the accelerated failure time model and determines the total bias error and mean-squared error between the true and estimated survivor curves for each method. The results indicate that PCA outperforms PLS, the RMs are comparable, and the RMs outdo both PCA and PLS.
This document summarizes a paper presented at the 24th ICAF Symposium on the selection of test factors for determining safe-life in fatigue analysis. It discusses two main methods: the Combined Distribution Method and the Mean Estimation Method. The Combined Distribution Method, which is widely used, has limitations as it does not accurately represent the probability of failure. The Mean Estimation Method overcomes these limitations by estimating the mean fatigue life from test data as an intermediate step to determine the life-factor and safe-life in a conservative manner. The document explains the assumptions, derivations and limitations of each method.
El paquete TestSurvRec implementa las pruebas estadíıticas para comparar dos curvas de supervivencia con eventos recurrentes. Este software ofrece herramientas ´utiles para el an´alisis de la supervivencia en el campo de la biomedicina, epidemiolog´ıa, farmac´eutica y otras áreas. El paquete TestSurvRec contiene dos conjuntos de datos con eventos recurrentes, un conjunto de datos referido al experimento de Byar que contiene los tiempos de recurrencia de tumores de c´ancer de vejiga en los pacientes tratados con piridoxina, tiotepa o considerado como un placebo. Y otro conjunto de datos que contiene los tiempos de rehospitalizaci´on despu´es de la cirug´ıa en pacientes con cáncer colorrectal. Estos datos provienen de un estudio que se llev´o a cabo en el Hospital de Bellvitge, un hospital universitario p´ublico en Barcelona (España).
This document discusses survival analysis and Cox regression for cancer clinical trials. It begins with an introduction to Cox regression analysis and how it can be used to analyze the effects of covariates on survival rates in cancer trials. The document then provides examples of Cox regression outputs and how to interpret the results, including checking the proportional hazards assumption. It cautions against some invalid methods of survival analysis that do not properly account for censored or time-dependent data.
Probability Models for Estimating Haplotype Frequencies and Bayesian Survival...Université de Dschang
M. Kum Cletus Kwa a soutenu une thèse de Doctorat/Phd en mathématiques ce 14 juin 2016 à l'Université de Dschang. Le jury lui a décerné à l'issue des échanges la mention très honorable.
Amodelbasedoncellularautomatatosimulatea si sepidemicdiseaseCarlosReyes671
This document presents a cellular automata model to simulate the spread of an SIS epidemic disease. The model divides the environment into square or hexagonal cells, with each cell representing a portion of the total population. The state of each cell indicates the fraction of susceptible and infected individuals. The local transition function determines the new state based on the states of neighboring cells, considering factors like infection rate, recovery rate, and movement between cells. Simulations using this model aim to better capture spatial factors and local interactions in epidemic spreading compared to traditional differential equation models.
A Wearable Accelerometer System for Unobtrusive Monitoring of Parkinson’s Dis...Michael J. Montgomery
Abstract: Parkinson’s disease is a complex condition currently monitored at home with paper diaries which rely on subjective and unreliable assessment of motor function at nonstandard time intervals. We present an innovative wearable and unobtrusive monitoring system for patients which can help provide physicians with significantly improved assessment of patients’ responses to drug therapies and lead to better-targeted treatment regimens. In this paper we describe the algorithmic development of the system and an evaluation in patients for assessing the onset and duration of advanced PD motor symptoms.
Use Proportional Hazards Regression Method To Analyze The Survival of Patient...Waqas Tariq
The Kaplan Meier method is used to analyze data based on the survival time. In this paper used Kaplan Meier procedure and Cox regression with these objectives. The objectives are finding the percentage of survival at any time of interest, comparing the survival time of two studied groups and examining the effect of continuous covariates with the relationship between an event and possible explanatory variables. The variables (Age, Gender, Weight, Drinking, Smoking, District, Employer, Blood Group) are used to study the survival patients with cancer stomach. The data in this study taken from Hiwa/Hospital in Sualamaniyah governorate during the period of (48) months starting from (1/1/2010) to (31/12/2013) .After Appling the Cox model and achieve the hypothesis we estimated the parameters of the model by using (Partial Likelihood) method and then test the variables by using (Wald test) the result show that the variables age and weight are influential at the survival of time.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
This document discusses early-warning signals that may indicate when complex systems are approaching critical thresholds or tipping points. It summarizes:
1) As systems approach tipping points, they exhibit "critical slowing down" - they take longer to recover from small perturbations. This can increase autocorrelation and variance in fluctuations.
2) Other potential early-warning signals include increased skewness in fluctuations, as the system spends relatively more time near unstable thresholds, and "flickering" between alternative stable states under stochastic forcing close to bifurcation points.
3) These signals, including slower recovery rates, higher autocorrelation, and increased variance and skewness, are expected to occur generically across diverse
Improving predictability and performance by relating the number of events and...Asoka Korale
Many processes require an estimate of the time over which to observe a certain number of events. The applications include queuing models and buffer management in electronics and telecommunications and the characterization of trading patterns in market surveillance. It is common practice in these applications to take a deterministic approach, modeling the events over intervals of time of a particular duration or considering the event inter-arrival times in order to estimate an average rate and a measure of its dispersion.
In this paper however we establish a probabilistic relationship between the number of events and the time over which to observe them. The total time over which to observe a certain number of events is equivalent to the sum of their event inter-arrival times, making the number of events and the number of inter-arrival times in the sum also equivalent. By this sum of random variables, we establish a stochastic relationship between the number of events and the total time interval over which to observe them, allowing greater flexibility in characterizing the relationships between the underlying distributions. We also use this relationship to estimate the uncertainty in the time interval taken to observe a certain number of events and relate it to an uncertainty in the average number of events observed in that interval.
The event inter-arrival times are thus modeled as a sequence of random variables drawn from a single distribution. These random variables could be drawn from a distribution estimated from historical data governing the particular arrival process or from a particular distribution used to model it. The subject of this paper is then to utilize this idea to model the behavior of a queue and server system where each state and the state transition probabilities are also stochastic. Clearer insights in to the performance of such systems is also envisaged with this type of analysis.
Historical Simulation with Component Weight and Ghosted Scenariossimonliuxinyi
This document proposes two strategies to improve historical simulation (HS) for calculating Value-at-Risk (VaR): 1) A "ghosted scenario" approach that doubles the number of scenarios by treating the reflection of each historical return as a separate scenario. 2) A two-component EWMA scheme that assigns different weights to recent vs. older scenarios to balance response speed and use of historical data. The strategies aim to address deficiencies in HS like under-responsiveness to recent events and issues with insufficient data. An integrated approach combining ghosted scenarios and the two-component EWMA is presented as improving HS while imposing only minor additional computational costs.
This document provides an annotated list of presentations, courses, seminars, and workshops by MJD and TETRAD related to topics like disaster management, biothreat detection, counterterrorism, and humanitarian applications of science and technology. It describes formal courses taught at universities, as well as presentations given at conferences on subjects such as border security, emergency response, and connecting dots to locate terrorist operations. The document aims to provide information for organizing future training opportunities on issues covered in the materials listed.
Coordinated And Unified Responses To Unpredictable And Widespread Biothreatsmartindudziak
Intelligent and rapid dissemination of information is essential for responding to CBRN threats but has been missing from most response plans. The CUBIT system provides a solution with its coordinated and unified approach. CUBIT uses sensors, analytics, diagnostics, treatments, and population control protocols incorporated as scalable and modular components that can dynamically interact. It employs principles of "plug and play" and adaptability to respond to unpredictable biothreats affecting populations when infrastructure is damaged.
This document discusses a novel magneto-optic sensor called the MODE sensor that can be used for non-destructive testing of structural integrity. The MODE sensor uses thin films made of rare earth and transition metal oxides that have high magneto-optic properties, allowing it to detect cracks, fissures, and corrosion in structures. A portable system has been designed using this sensor to allow real-time inspection of bridges, fuel tanks, and other metal structures. The system includes image processing and pattern recognition capabilities to help identify defects.
This document summarizes research on using magneto-optic imaging for non-destructive testing of metal structures. It describes developing new thin-film sensors with improved sensitivity, integrating the sensors and image recognition algorithms into a portable system, and applying a neural network algorithm called SONON to enhance defect detection in images. Laboratory experiments demonstrated the new sensors could detect smaller defects than previous methods. The overall aim is more accurate, automated inspections using portable, wearable equipment.
The document describes a family of microinstruments being developed for use in space missions. The instruments use magneto-optic thin film sensors to perform tasks like non-destructive testing of spacecraft components, detecting electromagnetic fields, monitoring biomagnetic fields, and optical signal processing. Each sensor is based on a proprietary Fe-Ga thin film material and uses polarized light and a spatial light modulator. The sensors can detect magnetic fields as small as 10-7 Oersted and have applications in areas like defect detection, energy generation, medicine, and neural networks. The technology provides advantages over existing non-destructive testing methods by directly imaging defects in real-time with high resolution and low false readings.
This document proposes a technology using magneto-optic thin film sensors to study magnetic fields in deep space through wide-area arrays deployed by spacecraft. Each sensor would measure local magnetic fields and disturbances, with data communicated to reconstruct magnetic activity over large regions. The arrays could also control large space systems through parallel computing principles. The sensors use bismuth-substituted iron-garnet films that respond to magnetic fields through the magneto-optic Faraday effect, providing high sensitivity and domain wall velocity. Deployed arrays would allow unprecedented magnetic mapping beyond spacecraft's direct reach.
1. The document discusses scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and their applications in biomedical research.
2. SPM allows high-resolution imaging of surfaces and can be used to study cell topology, structures like cytoskeletons and membranes, and how electromagnetic fields impact cells.
3. Experiments aim to use AFM to image living cells over time and study phenomena like solitons and fractals at the microscopic level to gain insights into cell behavior and pathology.
The document describes a proposed system for detecting land mines using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with multiple sensors, including magneto-optic thin-film sensors (MODE sensors) and video cameras. The system would analyze sensor data using pattern recognition software to identify locations of land mines. A key challenge is developing a modular system that can efficiently integrate different sensors onto a small UAV. The document outlines designs for a modular payload assembly and embedded computer system that could process sensor data and transmit it to ground control in real-time. Initial testing of MODE sensors would be conducted on a laboratory workbench to evaluate their effectiveness at detecting ferromagnetic objects like land mines from aerial images.
This document proposes an Intelligent Data Entry and Acquisition (IDEA) system to help with on-site highway maintenance and construction. It describes an architecture using wearable computers and sensors to collect asset data in the field, process it using pattern recognition, and upload it to centralized databases. Field workers could use tools like digital notepads, cameras, and GPS to gather location-tagged images, notes and condition reports on assets, which the IDEA system would then analyze and integrate into maintenance planning databases back at the office. The goal is to streamline data collection and improve safety, productivity and data quality for tasks like infrastructure inspections.
This document outlines a proposal for a 6-month, $150,000 project to develop concepts of operations (CONOPS) for a Regional Environmental Biothreat Detection Network (REDBIONET). The network would integrate existing biodefense sensing systems and new diagnostic tools to enable early detection of biothreats through wildlife monitoring. Key components include adapting the RODS predictive system and integrating it with GITI's knowledge management tools. The proposal also describes integrating rapid diagnostic technologies, evaluating sensor placement options, and demonstrating a field-ready prototype to identify and respond to biothreats. Personnel are identified with relevant experience in pattern recognition, bioinformatics, and emergency response networks.
The document discusses a proposed mobile early warning system called Nomad EyesTM to detect and prevent nuclear terrorism. It argues that terrorism relies on networks and readily available technology. Radiation attacks are attractive due to their ability to cause social and economic disruption even without loss of life. The system would use mobile and wireless sensors to detect suspicious movements and shipments of radioactive and conventional materials. Data would be analyzed using various techniques like sensor fusion, graph theory, and gaming to identify potential threats while also providing emergency response capabilities. The goal is to develop a flexible, low-cost, and disruptive counterterrorism system.
This document discusses the Nomad Eyes project, which aims to use a network of mobile sensors and the general public to detect and prevent nuclear terrorism through early warning. The project would distribute radiation sensors that can attach to mobile phones to collect and transmit data. Games and advertising would encourage public participation. Collected data would be analyzed using graph theory and Bayesian methods to identify potential terrorist planning and threats. In the event of an attack, the network could quickly notify the public and route them to safety. The current status describes sensor prototypes, public engagement design, and network/database software development. The goal is to move terrorism prevention and response capabilities out of secure facilities and into the hands of the general public.
Global InfoTek will develop concepts of operations (CONOPS) for an Emergency Mobile Phone Incident Reporting System (EMPIRES) that leverages mobile phones and infrastructure to collect and share situational data from citizens during crises. The 6-month project will cost $90,000. Global InfoTek will conceptualize a system using mobile phones to collect incident reports, environmental effects data, and real-time audio/video from citizens. They will integrate existing programs and technologies to disseminate this data to emergency responders through an integrated display. Global InfoTek will focus on communication challenges faced by responders during crises when infrastructure may be unavailable and develop solutions using emerging technologies like sensors and GPS on mobile
The document describes the I3BAT and Nomad Eyes systems, which are designed to incorporate terrorist thinking and tactics to help prevent terrorist attacks. Nomad Eyes would involve widely distributing sensors and collecting data using mobile phones and other devices. This data would then be analyzed using statistical and mathematical models to identify patterns that could link people, objects, and events and help forecast terrorist plans and activities. The goal is for the general public to help detect threats through passive and anonymous data collection using everyday devices to supplement formal security and law enforcement efforts.
This document discusses the concept of ecosymbiotics, which aims to integrate economic profitability with environmental and social sustainability. It argues that education, basic research, environmental protection, and economic development are interdependent and should be viewed holistically. Ecosymbiotics proposes developing commercial innovations through collaborative, interdisciplinary research that also benefits education and future generations. The goal is to move beyond dependence on non-profit funding and directly link basic scientific progress with business and capital growth in a mutually sustainable way.
The document outlines a seminar on how quantum events may play a role in coherent biomolecular systems. It discusses several topics: (1) introducing motivations around reconciling quantum mechanics and relativity in biological systems; (2) exploring quantum network dynamics and structures like solitons that could provide stability; and (3) investigating chiral and tensegrity-stable solitons in higher dimensions that may model quantum networks sustaining topological identities. The goal is to better understand intracellular control and signaling at the quantum scale.
The document outlines a theory of topological process dynamics and its applications to biosystems. It discusses how a stable spacetime emerges from a quantum process flux described as a "spin glass" of topological 3-surface regions. Below certain length scales, p-adic numbers and an ultrametric topology are hypothesized to apply, with favored p-adic primes corresponding to physically important length scales like those seen in biological structures. The length scale hypothesis proposes lengths scales of L(p) = sqrt(p) * L0 that match observations of elementary particles, cells, viruses, and nanobacteria. P-adic topology is proposed below these scales with continuous classical spacetime emerging at larger scales.
This document summarizes a study on pattern recognition and learning in networks of coupled bistable units. The network is composed of N oscillators moving in a double-well potential, with pair-wise interactions between all elements. Two methods are used for training the network: (1) constructing the coupling matrix using Hebb's rule based on stored patterns, and (2) iteratively updating the matrix to minimize error between applied and desired patterns. Graphs show the learning rate converges as mean squared error and coupling strengths decrease over iterations.
This document discusses a hypothesis that molecular dynamics across neural membranes and cytoskeletal structures provide a matrix for self-organized behavior and information processing in the brain. Specifically:
1) Patterns of molecular activity may form stable solitons or "chaotons" capable of storing information over time, providing a basis for learning, memory, and consciousness.
2) These solitons could behave in a self-similar way across complexes of neurons operating within synapto-dendritic field activity.
3) Atomic force microscopy may help experimentally confirm theoretical models of these solitons and emergent structures in subcellular processes.
Evolutionary IED Prevention 09 2006 Updated W Comments Jan2010martindudziak
The document provides an overview of a presentation given at a 2006 conference on evolutionary detection and prevention of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and related terrorist weapons. The presentation discusses the need for detection systems that can (1) think ahead of terrorists rather than just react, (2) detect multiple substances in diverse environments, and (3) be usable by non-technical users. It also examines challenges like evolving weapon technologies and effectiveness. The presentation proposes solutions like a single, reconfigurable detection technology that can integrate with existing systems.
Evolutionary IED Prevention 09 2006 Updated W Comments Jan2010
Shocktraumamodel Mmvr2005
1. A Mechanism for Detecting Trigger Points
and Irreversibility Thresholds in Shock and
Trauma for Catastrophic Events
Martin DUDZIAK, PhD1
TETRAD Technologies Group, Inc., USA
Abstract. We investigate the model of unstable recurrent patterns that emerge
within chaotic and highly turbulent systems as a possible avenue for linking shifts
in clinical parameters that can be indicators of nonlinear and irreversible
transitions leading to mortality. The argument presented is that in the case of mass
injury and trauma events from natural or intentional causes, large numbers of
people may be in situations where clinical testing infrastructures have been
disabled or destroyed, further reducing the ability of medical caregivers to
accurately notice indicators and signals of impending critical and irreversible
conditions. Identification of a reduced set of observables that can be linked with
unstable yet recurrent patterns may provide a means for improved monitoring and
life support under such adverse conditions.
Keywords. shock, trauma, catastrophe, recurrent systems, anomaly detection,
chaos, turbulence, dissipation, emergency preparedness, first response, triage
Introduction
Events such as natural disasters and deliberate terrorist-type attacks have the capability
of overtaxing even the most advanced systems for dealing with shock syndrome and
trauma which are generally tailored to the individual patient. Anomaly and intrusion
detection methods developed for network capacity planning, system configuration
management and information security, as well as the disciplines of fluid dynamics and
turbulence, appear to be distant from trauma medicine and the challenge of dealing
with mass trauma events such as from natural disasters, accidents or terrorist actions.
However, there may be a new class of parameters that can be measured rapidly for
large numbers of patients which can aid in the dual process of triage and forecast for
critical phases in emergency treatment of patients. Examination of unstable and semi-
stable recurrent patterns in dissipative extended systems may offer a set of advance-
warning indicators that can be associated with impending critical life support
1
Corresponding author: TETRAD Technologies Group, Inc., 28 Chase Gayton Circle, Suite 736,
Richmond VA 23238 USA Email: martin@forteplan.com
2. conditions, in some cases clearly irreversible, in others treatable if addressed
sufficiently early in time. The target situation is that which occurs when there are
hundreds or even thousands of persons subjected, within a comparatively short period
of time (minutes or hours) by exposure or ingestion to toxic biological agents,
chemicals, or radiation, or alternatively subjected to injuries from impact events (e.g.,
shock waves, blunt trauma).
Our goal in this brief speculative note is to set the stage for inquiry and
investigation first at an abstract level and then to identify if the abstract model that
results can find a match with known observable parameters from the critical care world,
working abductively and intuitively toward defining a dataset that can in turn be tested
for a fit with both the turbulence characteristics and the existence of unstable and semi-
stable recurrent patterns (hereafter referred to as λ-recurrence) fitting the initial abstract
model. No experiments have yet been conducted and the present work reflects early
stage simulation and modeling.
We begin by considering the complex space of biochemical and behavioral
parameters that are observable and with constraints as described earlier. Thus,
automatically we must rule out any medical testing that requires remote and time-
intensive laboratory testing that cannot be performed in an emergency room “live”
without sending samples or patients to other facilities. In fact we prefer to focus upon
those parameters that can be collected reliably in a field setting such as that of a combat
area field hospital or onboard a medivac helicopter. Certainly within the space of
possible parameters are those employed in the Glasgow Outcome Scale but from the
outset we do not know if we should be considering one particular parameter p (e.g.,
SpO2/SaO2) or a set S = {p, q, r}, for which the relationship between two or more
members of S is the critical meta-parameter; i.e, where we may find chaotic behavior of
the “interesting” sort (meaning, with λ-recurrence).
Given the constraints of our interest in mass trauma events coupled with disruption
of basic infrastructure and resources, we are automatically limited in the range of
clinical tests that can be considered, although as technology evolves, there may be new
non-invasive or rapid and portable analyses opening up other dimensions. Parameter
sets useful for tracking λ-recurrence may emerge including quantities that are relatively
stable on scales of minutes or even hours but for which modest changes coupled with
other set members can serve as triggers of a λ-recurrence. Measures of pro- and anti-
inflammatory cytokine and adhesion molecule patterns [1] are already employed on a 2
to 4 hour basis for indications of septic shock onset or susceptibility. Within our
investigations, the In-Check microfluidic diagnostic chip and platform [2] offers the
possibility of such new classes of tests through highly-automated PCR-based analysis
in a portable lightweight and low-power configuration capable of performing up to five
tests and protocols in parallel.
Recurrent Patterns in Dissipative Turbulence - the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky Model
Our goal is to find behaviors similar to the basic Kuramoto-Sivashinsky (KS) system,
ut = (u2)x – uxx - vuxxxx (1)
3. representing, for example, the general case for amplitudes of interfacial instabilities
such as flame fields, nonlinear through term (u2)x, t referring to time and v a damping
parameter. The solution u(x,t) = u(x+L, t) is periodic and can be expanded into a
discrete spatial Fourier series
+∞
u ( x, t ) = ∑a
k = −∞
k (t )e ikx (2)
It is possible to extend periodic orbit theory to spatiotemporal chaotic systems and
the KS system [3] and reduce a high-demensional system (from 16 to 64 dimensions)
down to one, namely a return map. Following the seminal work of Cvitanović and
others [4,5] we postulate that a predictive system for non-equilibrium turbulence of the
type that may exist in breathing irregularities, cardiac beat-to-beat chaos and other
chaotic-like behavior measured through electrocardiograms, or in molecular pattern2s
such as cytokine levels, may require only 102 – 104 recurrent pattern instances as
opposed to classical expectations (≈ 1010) from Monte Carlo and other PDE simulations.
This means fewer cycles of per-patient monitoring and possibly a manageable cycle of
acquire-search-compare-evaluate computations to perform (returning to our clinical
focus) for large populations when situations impose sparser data collection intervals
and less robust computational resources.
Dynamical behavior such as 3-D Navier-Stokes turbulence in many different
media often exhibits a variety of unstable recurrent patterns. Such recurrent behavior
can in turn be applied to provide indicators of general characteristics or imminent phase
shifts. The challenge is how to find such patterns since by definition they are
themselves unstable and not the same in amplitude or other dynamical characteristics in
each recurrence. Why they may be indicators of trigger-like conditions, including
irreversible conditions leading to death, in the case of individuals experiencing a
variety of trauma conditions is not at all obvious. However, on the one hand there is
the evidence of sudden death linked with a larger variety of CNS and cardiovascular
conditions for which there are no externally observable nor commonly measureable
(e.g., pulse, pressure, breath rate, consciousness) indicators but which have may have
increases or decreases in chaotic patterns such as EKG.
How to find and associate recurrent patterns with biomedical conditions
Finding periodic orbits may be enhanced by algorithms but it is still an exploratory and
somewhat “trial and error” process. More so is the conjectured association with
medical conditions. Recent studies by Cvitanović and Lan involve an iterative
approach to begin with a calculated guess and then to monitor the attraction of the
solution towards or away from this target. This in turns builds an approach using
Newton-Raphson or alternatively by minimizing a cost function related to the
difference between approximate flow and discrete flow of that which is circulating or
2
It is important to remember that recurrent patterns of interest are not necessarily
themselves chaotic and in fact the absence or decrease of chaos in certain
bioparameters may be the indicator of on onset of a disabling or life-threatening
condition, as pointed out by Poon and Merrill regarding congestive heart failure [6]
4. has a potential for doing so actively. These and other methods like them will not tell
which patterns are recurrent nor how “near” everything is in the interpolative process.
Here additional heuristics and probabilistic data can be used to reduce the iterative
cycle. There are known techniques within the study of anomaly detection and tracking,
such as multivariate statistics and neural network classification. At a higher scale
probabilistic (Bayesian) networks can be employed with specific rules drawn from the
operations domain.
Once there is a library of unstable spatio-temporally recurrent solutions there must
be some form of application in this case to a type or configuration of biometric
parameters. Periodic orbit theory [7] proposes that the greater the unstability, the more
accurate will be the predictions that are based upon a small number of the shortest
recurrent patterns. In turn, once a sufficient number of individual unique patterns can
be discriminated, then these can be use together to predict global averages. Average is
considered as a sum over all possible patterns which are grouped hierarchically
according to the likelihood of each pattern’s occrrence in the system.
1 t t
a = lim A , A t ( x ) = ∫ dτa ( x (τ )) (3)
t →∞ t 0
where the dynamical trajectory x(t) is some point in a high-dimension state space and
the object is for short cycles, short patterns, to contribte information collectively as an
aggregate to information on the invariant set, the long-term cycle. Returning to the
shock-trauma context of individuals potentially injured internally and unconscious or
delirious and unable to assist informationally, with medical caregivers overburdened,
with resources and infrastructures stretched or non-operable, the idea here is to have a
way to make a logical step from simple observable patterns that can be captured
relatively easily, through pulse oxymetry, temperature, pressure, pulse, and other
means, to information about impending, imminent shifts in the long-term cycle, the :big
picture” of systemic changes that could be the difference between death and life.
References
[1] V von Dossow, K Rotard, U Redlich, O V Hein and CD Spies, Circulating immune
parameters predicting the progression from hospital-acquired pneumonia to septic
shock in surgical patients, Critical Care 2005, 9:R662-R669
[2] White papers and other technical data on the In-Check platform are available from
ST Microelectronics http://www.st.com/stonline/prodpres/dedicate/labchip/labchip.htm
[3] P Cvitanović and T Lan, Turbulent fields and their recurrences, in N Antoniou, ed.,
Proc. Of 10th Int’l Workshop on Multiparticle Production: Correlations and
Fluctuations in QCD, World Scientific, Singapore 2003
[4] E Hopf, A mathematical example displaying features of turbulence, Commun. of
Applied Math. 1, 303 (1948)
[5] P Holmes, JL Lumley and G Berkooz, Turbulence, Coherent Structures, Dynamical
Systems and Symmetry, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge 1996
[6] CS Poon and CK Merrill, Decrease of cardiac chaos in congestive heart failure,
Nature 1997 Oct 2;389(6650):492-5
[7] P Cvitanović et al, Chaos: Quantum and Classical, Niels Bohr Institute,
Copenhagen 2003