2. Define headache
Types of headache
Causes of headache
Sign and symptoms of headache
Diagnosis of headache
Medical management of headache
Nursing intervention for headache patient
3. A headache is pain or discomfort in the head.
Types of headache
1. migraine
2. rebound headache.
3. Hypnic headache.
4. Cluster headache
5. Tension Headache
6. Sinus Headaches
7. exertion headache
4. A migraine is a headache that can cause
severe throbbing pain or a pulsing sensation,
usually on one side of the head. Caused due
to
Changes in the brainstem
imbalances in brain chemicals — including
serotonin, which helps regulate pain in your
nervous system
Other neurotransmitters play a role in the
pain of migraine, including calcitonin gene-
related peptide (CGRP).
5. Rebound headaches, formally known as
“medication overuse headaches,” happen
when you treat headaches with medication
too.
Ibuprofen, acetaminophen and caffeine for
long time when directly withdrawal pain
killers cause rebound headache
6. A hypnic headache is one that wakes you up,
typically in the middle of the night. · The
symptoms of a hypnic headache include dull
or throbbing.
Excessive exposure to light cause hypnic
headache.
When melatonin production disturbed cause
hypnic headache.
7. Cluster headaches cause severe pain around
the eye, usually on one side of the head. The
pain is stabbing, sharp, or burning rather
than throbbing.
Some triggers can cause episodes of cluster
headaches, such as alcohol, a sudden rise in
temperature, or exercising
8. A tension-type headache causes mild to
moderate pain that's often described as
feeling like a tight band around the head.
Feeling of tightness or pressure across the
forehead or on the sides and back of the
head.
Tenderness in the scalp, neck and shoulder
muscles.
A l c o h o l cause tension headache because
stretched the muscle of eye lide,jaw and
shoulder muscle
9. Sinus headache cause due to inflammation of
sinus.
Exertion headache start due to heavy lifting
pressure.
Treatment.
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs), such
as ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin,
or acetaminophen
Massage is very effective
10. Maintain adequate hydration.
Administer analgesic medications as
prescribed.
Encourage relaxation techniques such as
deep breathing and guided imagery.
Provide education on avoidance of
triggers such as noise, bright lights, and
stress.
11. (GBS) happens when a person's own immune
system harms their body's nerves. This harm
causes muscle weakness and sometimes
paralysis.
Influenza virus can also attack on nerves.
cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr virus can also
damage peripheral nerves
12. A pins and needles sensation in your fingers,
toes, ankles or wrists.
Weakness in your legs.
Unsteady walking or inability to walk or climb
stairs.
Double vision or inability to move the eyes.
Difficulty with bladder control or bowel
function.
Difficulty breathing
13. Electromyography. Thin-needle electrodes
are inserted into the muscles your doctor
wants to study. The electrodes measure nerve
activity in the muscles.
Nerve conduction studies. Electrodes are
taped to the skin above your nerves. A small
shock is passed through the nerve to
measure the speed of nerve signals.
CBC
14. Plasmapharesis In this treatment, a machine
separates the plasma from your blood, treats
it, and then returns the plasma and blood to
your body. Plasma exchange filters out
the antibodies in your plasma that are
attacking your nerves.
Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (IVIG):
This treatment involves intravenous (IV)
injections of immunoglobulins, which are
proteins that your immune system naturally
makes to attack invading organisms.
15. IVIG can lessen your immune system’s attack
on your nerves.
If viral infection start anti viral medications.
Physical therapy.
16. Close monitoring of respiration
Nutritional maintenance via NG tube
Administered prescribed medications
Promote mobility
Provide body care.
17. Alzheimer's disease is the most common type
of dementia. It is a progressive disease
beginning with mild memory loss and
possibly leading to loss of the ability to carry
on a conversation and respond to the
environment. Alzheimer's disease involves
parts of the brain that control thought,
memory, and language.
18. Age
Head injury
Vascular thrombosis
Genetic
Environmental factors
Alcohol
Deficit diet
19. Stage 1. it is also called mild.
Duration= 1-3yr
Sign and symptoms
Mild memory loss
New learning defective
Recall ability mildly impaired
Like some naming errors
Motor system normal
21. Duration (8-12 yr.)
sign and symptoms
Severely impaired cognitive function
Limb rigidity
Urinary and fecal incontinence
Irritability
Dysphasia
Difficulty in changing position and movement
22. Cholinesterase inhibitor just like
donopezil,galadimine etc.
Memory enhancing medicines just like
choline, lecithine etc.
Antidepressant medicines
23. Encourage patient for physical examination
Ensure patient safety because patient is more
prone to injury due to low brain function
Helps in taking medicines
Provide a quite environment to patient
whether he remains calm and focus on his
activities