Sheet metal forming involves permanently deforming materials through cold forming processes to make complex 3D shapes. There are several types of sheet metal forming operations including cutting, bending, and drawing. Cutting separates sheets into pieces or makes holes using shearing, blanking, or punching processes. Bending transforms straight lengths into curves using a punch and die. Drawing is used to make cup-shaped or box-shaped parts by pressing sheet metal into a die opening with a punch.

2. Introduction
Sheet metal forming is a process where materials
undergo permanent deformation by cold forming to
produce a variety of complex three dimensional shapes.

3. Types of Sheet Metal Forming Operations
1.Cutting
2.Bending
3.Drawing

4. Cutting Operation
Cutting process is used to separate large sheets into
smaller pieces, to cut out a part or to make holes in
part.
1. Shearing
2. Blanking and Punching

5. Shearing Process
Shearing process is a sheet metal cutting operation
along a straight line between two cutting edges by
means of a power shear.

6. Blanking and Punching Process
Blanking is a process in which a flat, geometric shape (or
“blank”) is created by feeding a sheet metal into a press
and die.
Punching is a separating technique, mainly used to process
holes into flat materials like paper, plastic film or sheet
metals.

7. Blanking and Punching Process
If the part that is cut out is the desired product, the
operation is called blanking and the product is called blank.
If the remaining stock is the desired part, the operation is
called punching

8. A process by which a straight length is transformed
into a curved length.
Examples: Drums, tank, channels.
Bending Operation

9. - sheet metal is bent between a V-shaped punch and die.

10. Punch Press Bending

12. Drawing Operation
Drawing is a sheet-metal-forming operation used to make
cup-shaped, box-shaped, or other complex-curved and
concave parts.

13. Drawing Process
It is performed by placing a piece of sheet metal over a
die and then pushing the metal into the opening with a
punch. (Pressing into desired shaped).