Thermography is a science that collects and analyzes thermal information from infrared cameras. It can detect differences in surface temperature that may indicate issues like electrical connection problems, mechanical faults, fluid or steam leaks, or overheating equipment. The presentation provides examples of using thermography to identify a 6 degree Celsius temperature difference between electrical phases and an 18 degree difference, as well as potential issues detected for components like circuit breakers, valves, and air compressors.