Regional co-operation under SAARC may be an additional blessing to solve the problem. Bangladesh apparently failed to get mutual co-operation from neighboring countries. Bangladesh may shift the policy on prevention, education and training of all stakeholders to eradicate drugs from our society.
Myanmar Opium Cultivation Continues To Drop As Regional Drug Market Changes ...MYO AUNG Myanmar
ttps://www.unodc.org/southeastasiaandpacific/en/myanmar/2019/01/myanmar-opium-survey-report-launch/story.html
Myanmar opium cultivation
continues to drop as regional drug
market changes: UNODC report
Adolescent Substance Use: America’s #1 Public Health ProblemCenter on Addiction
These slides accompany the CASAColumbia report, Adolescent Substance Use: America's #1 Public Health Problem (http://www.casacolumbia.org/addiction-research/reports/adolescent-substance-use), which reveals that adolescence is the critical period for the initiation of substance use and its consequences. The CASA report finds 1 in 4 Americans who began using any addictive substance before age 18 are addicted, compared to 1 in 25 Americans who started using at age 21 or older.
Myanmar Opium Cultivation Continues To Drop As Regional Drug Market Changes ...MYO AUNG Myanmar
ttps://www.unodc.org/southeastasiaandpacific/en/myanmar/2019/01/myanmar-opium-survey-report-launch/story.html
Myanmar opium cultivation
continues to drop as regional drug
market changes: UNODC report
Adolescent Substance Use: America’s #1 Public Health ProblemCenter on Addiction
These slides accompany the CASAColumbia report, Adolescent Substance Use: America's #1 Public Health Problem (http://www.casacolumbia.org/addiction-research/reports/adolescent-substance-use), which reveals that adolescence is the critical period for the initiation of substance use and its consequences. The CASA report finds 1 in 4 Americans who began using any addictive substance before age 18 are addicted, compared to 1 in 25 Americans who started using at age 21 or older.
Global Medical Cures™ | Responding to America's Prescription Drug Abuse CrisisGlobal Medical Cures™
Global Medical Cures™ | Responding to America's Prescription Drug Abuse Crisis
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
Safe prescribing Practices Conference for Medical Professionals june 2013Heidi Denton
Participants will:
Report their intent to support and/or actively work towards incorporating best practices in responsible prescribing guidelines into their everyday practice of medicine.
Report an increased knowledge of the Michigan Automated Prescription System (MAPS) and the benefits of reporting regularly to MAPS.
Report intent to support and/or actively work towards incorporating consistent use of the MAPS into their everyday practice of prescribing controlled substances.
Report that at the training they received easy to use tools that can help them to better educate their patients on the importance of taking medications as prescribed.
Gain an increased knowledge of local, state, and national substance abuse and mental health treatment resources.
Global Medical Cures™ | Responding to America's Prescription Drug Abuse CrisisGlobal Medical Cures™
Global Medical Cures™ | Responding to America's Prescription Drug Abuse Crisis
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
Safe prescribing Practices Conference for Medical Professionals june 2013Heidi Denton
Participants will:
Report their intent to support and/or actively work towards incorporating best practices in responsible prescribing guidelines into their everyday practice of medicine.
Report an increased knowledge of the Michigan Automated Prescription System (MAPS) and the benefits of reporting regularly to MAPS.
Report intent to support and/or actively work towards incorporating consistent use of the MAPS into their everyday practice of prescribing controlled substances.
Report that at the training they received easy to use tools that can help them to better educate their patients on the importance of taking medications as prescribed.
Gain an increased knowledge of local, state, and national substance abuse and mental health treatment resources.
The Insight of Young People toward Drugs and Chemical Abuse in Zimbabweijtsrd
The abuse of drugs and chemicals among the young people is a silent pandemic which needs collective intervention. The young people are the pillar of development in the world over. The behavior of abusing drugs is seen as a fashionby the young people and effects has paralyzed the developmental milestones within communities. The aim of this research was to explore the insights of drugs and chemical abuse among the youth in Zimbabwe. The word chemicals has been used interchangeably with the word substance in this study. The study is a qualitative research which is backed with the descriptive research design. Data was collected from the young people from the age of 12 to 36 years through a purposive snow balling and convenience sample since taking of some drugs is a secrete act. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze data gathered from the participants who resides in Kadoma area. The study found that there are different factors which had forced the young to participate in the uptake of drugs which are poverty, peer pressure, lack parental guidance, experimentation, genetic dispossession and depression. The study also found that young people have moved from predominately abusing marijuana alone and jump to use complex substances such as bronclee ngoma , powder extracted from energy saver bulbs, mutoriro, mangemba, ital, tablets white, blue and pink pill , cocaine and mangemba. The research predicts that young people can use drugs to revolt against their elders due to the influence of drugs. It was recommended to put in place strict sanction to anyone found in possession with drugs. Brenda Palesa Makumbe | Prince Dzingirayi "The Insight of Young People toward Drugs and Chemical Abuse in Zimbabwe" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49908.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/49908/the-insight-of-young-people-toward-drugs-and-chemical-abuse-in-zimbabwe/brenda-palesa-makumbe
We honor ourselves when we speak out for recovery. We show the world that recovery matters because it brings hope and peace into the lives of individuals and their loved ones. ~ Beth Wilson
The only person you are destined to become is the person you decide to be. ~ Ralph Waldo Emerson
Success is the sum of small efforts, repeated day in and day out.
~ Robert Collier
An Evaluation of Drug Crime Nexus amongst Youths in Yobe State, Nigeriaijtsrd
The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between drug abuse among youths and their involvement in criminal activities in Yobe State. The specific objectives of study are to identify the common types of drug abused by the youths in Yobe State to examine the nexus between drug abuse and crime in Yobe State and to provide the possible solutions to drug abuse among the youths in Yobe State. The study adopted differential association theory, which proposes that person becomes criminal because of a stronger exposure to law breakers than law abiding others in qualitative rather than quantitative terms. In other words, drug abuse is a function of association with drug addicts. Methodologically, the research is a survey research design, having both descriptive and explanatory research design because it explained the causal link between drug abuse and crime and described the influence of drug abuse on criminal activities among youths in Yobe State. A total of 504 sample size was selected through multi stage sampling method. Primary and secondary data sources were used. Questionnaire and interview were used as instruments of collecting the primary data and mixed method was used in analysing the data. The study finding indicated that drug abuse has strong connection with criminal activities in Yobe State. Most of the terrorist activities carried out by Boko Haram are under the influence of drug. The most common types of drugs used by the youths include Pharmaceutical opioids, tramadol, codeine and morphine. The study concluded that the availability of drugs abuse in the State have increased the rate of crimes in the area. However, the drugs do not cause crime but it facilitates and motivates young people to commit different types of crime. The possible solutions to drug abuse among youths in Yobe State include the involvement of policy makers, religious institution, the community members and the criminal justice system, parents or guardians, and teachers to fight drug abuse among youths. Dr. Bukar Jamri "An Evaluation of Drug-Crime Nexus amongst Youths in Yobe State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50688.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/sociology/50688/an-evaluation-of-drugcrime-nexus-amongst-youths-in-yobe-state-nigeria/dr-bukar-jamri
Tax justice from 100 years old income tax law.pdfM S Siddiqui
Roughly 94 per cent of income-tax revenue comes from tax deducted at source. The Tax deduct as source (TDS) has been imposed at border during release of imported goods and services, supply of goods and services to government and corporates entities. This deduction is on gross sales value but not on net profit. The advances taxes are non-refundable and considered as tax on income. In many cases the tax burden are more than 100 percent of the net income of the business enterprises.
Bangladesh’s cross border transaction in Chinese RMB.pdfM S Siddiqui
Banks are finally allowed to maintain accounts in Chinese currency RMB with their correspondents or overseas branches for cross-border transactions executed in Bangladesh.
Meanwhile, China has introduced cross-border interbank payments system (CIPS) with the RMB as an alternative trading currency. CIPS payment system offers clearing and settlement services for participates in cross-border RMB payment and trade.
Over the last decade the Chinese government has consistently strived to overcome China’s dependence on foreign supplies in the sector, and as a result China’s market share in semiconductors has increased from 5 percent in 2010 to 13 percent in 2020, more than doubling in ten years. China is moving along with the planned schedule to achieve supremacy in manufacturing semi-conductors.
Evaluation of Bangladesh’s Data Protection Bill.pdfM S Siddiqui
The draft Data Security Law did not make difference between data privacy and data security and a big concern was how to maintain the privacy of such data. The problem is that the government has expressed a controlling attitude to make the law a control mechanism rather than data security and data privacy.
Rights of the nominee vis-à-vis legal heirs.docxM S Siddiqui
Currently, the banks may follow the rule of Bangladesh Bank and the principle of the judgment of the High Court Division that the nominee is entitled to the money of the deceased person and pay to the nominee at the first instance to complete their responsibility. Subsequently, the nominee will be treated as a custodian in case of a succession certificate given by the court and distribute the amount accordingly.
Bangladesh bank’s rules of export documents require an amendmentM S Siddiqui
The Factoring services provide security of payment and financing through transfer of shipping documents along with ownership and rights over the payments. The circular no. 32 (dated October 03, 2021) restricting transfer of document will hamper smooth service of Factoring and export financing by trade finance companies. The BB should revisit the circular addressing the embargo over transfer of full set of documents.
Access to finance for the informal sectorM S Siddiqui
Bangladesh may formulate policies to use these sources to in credit reporting systems. There may be even legal framework like some other some economies to allow the sharing of information from non-traditional sources and authorised CRSPs to prepare CR for MSMEs.
Ad free channel ends unfair privileges to overseas manufacturersM S Siddiqui
The Clean Feed Strategy would give a level playing field to Bangladeshi manufacturers and foreign manufactures. Although late the government has taken a bold decision.
Pandemic recession and employment crisisM S Siddiqui
The policy of Bangladesh Bank and attitude of commercial banks have many challenges to overcome regarding these programmes. They require a change in mind-set and political will to recognize the crisis and probable solution. There should a recognition that informal workers and their livelihood activities represent the broad base of the economy producing essential goods and services not only for low-income customers but also for the general public and for the formal economy.
How to upgrade bangladesh’s banking almanacM S Siddiqui
The confidence of users is a big challenge for an almanac. The authentication of information is a basic criterion of a good almanac. The authority may take initiative to upload the almanac in their web-site and make easily accessible for the end users specially the FI in other countries.
Bangladesh needs rules on odourised lpgM S Siddiqui
It is impossible to detect the leak because of the lack of odour. This has led different countries to enact new regulations that require gas suppliers to odourise LPG.
The experience of the other countries doesn’t support the fear of NBR officials. This conception of officials is a challenge of introduction of PCA in Bangladesh.
With the ratification of the TFA in 2016, Bangladesh has obligation to introduce PCA in the customs rule. The relevant SRO should be issues as early as possible.
Abrupt indian ban on onion seeds not legalM S Siddiqui
Bangladesh became self-reliant in Cattle production after restriction on cattle export / smuggling during last few years. Let's hope that the statistics of Bangladesh Agricultural Department are correct and Bangladesh will hopefully continue to be self-reliant of onion despite Indian ban on export of onion and onion seed.
Miniket may be branded for marketing by any company but cannot claim this as local variety of rich. It cannot be registered under patent act. The fate of Miniket is depends upon teste and demand of the consumers.
Psi of govt purchase contrary to import policyM S Siddiqui
The inspection by government official is against the Import Policy Order as well as it is expensive for the nation and not serving the real purpose. The inspectors are not liable for any incidence of wrong delivery.
Disappearance of border pillars and death from lightning strikeM S Siddiqui
In south Asia the casualties have been increases in recent years. But apart from climate change, the recent increase of death of lightning has linkage with the silent disappearance of Border pillars of Mouja installed by British rulers in South Asia.
The standard global practice of other countries, the credit information reports neither express any opinion about the borrower creditworthiness nor assign any rating to the borrowers.
Hashem foods fire determining the liability of regulatorsM S Siddiqui
Despite all the irregularities, how industries get fitness certificate from DIFE on yearly basis is a question. Hashem Food started their business in 1982 and DIFE has been certifying it on yearly basis since then.
Aila re naya daman folksong belongs to whomM S Siddiqui
Copyright protection is one such important and strong protection guaranteed under intellectual property laws. The expressions of folklore are undoubtedly a product of human genus and intellect and hence deserve adequate protection under the fast-growing system of intellectual property rights laws. The folk song Aila re naya daman is the property of the community, and not of any individual.
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Explore our infographic on 'Essential Metrics for Palliative Care Management' which highlights key performance indicators crucial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of palliative care services.
This visual guide breaks down important metrics across four categories: Patient-Centered Metrics, Care Efficiency Metrics, Quality of Life Metrics, and Staff Metrics. Each section is designed to help healthcare professionals monitor and improve care delivery for patients facing serious illnesses. Understand how to implement these metrics in your palliative care practices for better outcomes and higher satisfaction levels.
1. Published: 01:04 AM, 04 July 2021
https://dailyasianage.com/news/265738/share-facts-on-drugs-save-lives
Share Facts On Drugs, Save Lives
M S Siddiqui
Addiction means the condition of being an addict. Addict is a person who is unable to stop
taking drugs, alcohol etc. Addiction includes all kinds of addictive substances like drugs,
alcohol, tobacco, heroin etc. All kinds of addiction are dangerous and severely detrimental
tohealth, hygiene and society. It finally results in death of the addicts.
Drug abuse is a patterned use of a substance in which the user consumes the substance in
amounts or with methods neither approved nor advised by medical professionals. Substance
abuse often includes problems with impulse control and impulsive behavior. There are many
cases in which criminal or antisocial behavior occur when the person is under the influence of
a drug. Substance abuse is prevalent with an estimated 120 million users of hard drugs such
as cocaine, heroin, and other synthetic drugs.
In a statistics, it is shown that among 253 drug abusers 31% is addicted in cannabis (Ganja),
26% in alcohol, 24% in phensidyl, 10% in heroin and 9% in diazepam, antihistamine etc. The
male: female ratio is 20:1. The predominant age group are- 5% is in between 10-15 years,
58% is in between 18-35 years, 20% is in between 35-50 years and rest is above 50 years of
age.
Bangladesh is not a drug or precursor producing country. Bangladesh's close proximity to
Golden Triangle & Golden Crescent has rendered our country vulnerable to traffic in and
abuse of drugs. Precursor chemicals are imported under license for industrial & other use.
Bangladesh is a transit country for drugs produced in the Golden Triangle and, to a much
lesser degree, the Golden Crescent. In Bangladesh the situation is more dangerous. A number
of smugglers are active and are smuggling intoxicants under the auspices of powerful lobbies
without any interruption.
Reports from the Indian Narcotics Control Bureau also indicate that heroin is smuggled from
India to Bangladesh through the porous Indo- Bangladesh border. Bangladesh is not believed
to manufacture any narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances illicitly. It also does not
manufacture any precursor chemicals except hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid.
2. Ganja is still cultivated, particularly in the districts of Naogaon, Rajshahi, Jamalpur and
Nerrokona in the northwestern region, as well as the hilly districts near Cox's Bazaar,
Banderban, Khagrachhari and Rangamati. Reliable figures for the total area of Ganja
production in Bangladesh are not available, but cultivation in the Chittagong Hill Tract region
is reportedly on the increase.
Some international media reports had suggested that Bangladesh was being used as a transit
to smuggle drugs to places like South America and the Middle East and in the process of
doing so, some of the drugs were being diverted for domestic consumption. Bangladesh has
witnessed an explosion in the trafficking of Yaba from Myanmar and Phyncidile from India
into the country and its consumption. The social cost this has had on Bangladesh has been
enormous.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime's (UNODC)drug report 2021 mentioned that over
the past year, around 275 million people have used drugs, up by 22 per cent from 2010. By
2030,demographic factors project the number of people using drugs to rise by 11 per cent
around the world, and as much as 40 per cent in Africa alone. Access to drugs has also
become simpler than ever with online sales, and major drug markets on the dark web are now
worth some $315 million annually. Contactless drug transactions, such as through the mail,
are also on the rise, a trend possibly accelerated by the pandemic.
In a study (2004) analyzed the money spent by addicts on drugs andfound that the amount
spent per year was much higher than the average per capita income of Bangladeshis.
Applying the findings of the study to the total population of drug users in Bangladesh, the
author estimated that the total amount spent by drug users in Bangladesh would be extremely
high if compared with the annual expenditure for healthcare or drugs or the allocation for
development program in Bangladesh.
The Narcotics Control Act of 1990 covers the control of narcotic drugs and psychotropic
substances, including provisions for the treatment and rehabilitation of drug dependent
people. Bangladesh amended the Narcotics Act in 2002 and this allows the Director General
of the Department of Narcotics Control to send drug users for treatment. The demand
reduction policy in the country is based on the Narcotics Act. The Government of Bangladesh
recognizes an important complementary role for NGOs in the drug demand reduction sector.
The United Nations General Assembly in 1987 decided to observe 26 June as the
International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking as an expression of its
determination to strengthen action and cooperation to achieve the goal of an international
society free of drug abuse. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) selects
themes for the International Day and launches campaigns to raise awareness about the global
drug problem.
Health is the ongoing theme of the world drug campaign. The theme of the year 2021 is
"Share Facts On Drugs, Save Lives". The relationship between alcohol and illegal drugs,
crime, and violence is both direct and complex. Research indicates that one of the major
causes of read crush is use of drugs and alcohols.
Government also needs to join hands with all citizens to implement the drug control
programs. Community support is extremely important to prevent, treat, rehabilitate and
3. accept those addicted to substances. Help break the stigma and promote faster recovery. The
celebrity members of the different profession may be a good role model and empower young
people to deal with life challenges to buffer substance abuse.
They may be a messenger - provide factual information on the negative socio-economic
effects of substance abuse to bring about behavioural changes. Different social organizations
be partner with government volunteer and support rehabilitation program to increase access
to information for affected individuals and communities.
The drug policies of many successful countries in combating addiction into drugs and
alcohols has seen a gradual shift away from the punitive approaches reflected in regional and
global frameworks. The regulating authorities more focuses on prevention of drugs supply
with international cooperation. They are promoting training programs for parents, teachers
and social leaders. They run the rehabilitation centers for treatment of the drug addicts to
come back to normal life.
Bangladesh law focuses on prevention, education, training and operation of rehabilitation
programs. The drug abuse prevention program will not succeed unless they consists both of
supply and demand reduction program. Therefore, the government needs to conduct various
demand reduction activities. A major role in demand reduction activities in Bangladesh may
be played by the ministries of information, education, social-welfare, health, youth and
sports, and local government. The Narcotics department should co-ordinate with these
Ministries and Departments.
Bangladesh may avail help from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
which works on international drug control. Regional co-operation under SAARC may be an
additional blessing to solve the problem. Bangladesh apparently failed to get mutual co-
operation from neighboring countries. Bangladesh may shift the policy on prevention,
education and training of all stakeholders to eradicate drugs from our society.
M S Siddiqui is Legal Economist.
e-mail: mssiddiqui2035@gmail.com