SHAILESH RAJ
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1. Isaac Newton discovered the law of universal gravitation, which explains that all masses in the universe attract each other with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. 2. Gravitational potential energy is defined as the work required to move an object away from a source of gravity. Near the earth's surface, the old and new forms of gravitational potential energy equations are equivalent when considering only changes in potential energy. 3. Newton's law of universal gravitation and the inverse square law explain how gravity causes orbits, from planets orbiting the sun to satellites orbiting the earth. The center of mass of two orbiting bodies actually orbits around the
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Gravity 2
1. Newton's law of gravitation describes the gravitational force between two objects based on their masses and the distance between them.
2. Kepler's laws describe the motion of planets in the solar system, including that their orbits are ellipses with the sun at one focus.
3. Gravity causes objects to accelerate towards each other at a rate proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Gravitational acceleration | Gravitation | KSSM Physics F5
3.1.3 Relate gravitational acceleration, g on the surface of the Earth with the universal gravitational constant, G
3.1.4 Justify the importance of knowing the values of gravitational acceleration of the planets in the Solar System.
3.1.5 Describe the centripetal force in the motion of satellites and planets system.
Centripetal Force, F = 푚푣2푟
3.1.6 Determine the mass of the Earth and the Sun using Newton’s universal law of gravitation and centripetal force.
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1. The document discusses gravitational fields and the simple pendulum experiment. It describes how the period of a pendulum is affected by the mass of the bob and the length of the string. The experiment can be used to calculate the acceleration due to gravity.
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3.1 Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
3.1.1 Explain Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation:
F = 퐺푚1푚2푟2
3.1.2 Solve problems involving Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation for:
(i) two static objects on the Earth
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Newton's theory of universal gravitation proposes that every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Newton realized that the moon and falling apples are attracted to Earth by the same force of gravity. He determined gravitational forces exist between all objects and derived the inverse-square law formula to calculate these forces. Examples of applying Newton's theory include calculating the masses of Earth and Sun from their gravitational interactions, and determining satellite speeds and orbital distances using formulas balancing gravitational and centrifugal forces.
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1. Newton's law of gravitation describes the gravitational force between two objects based on their masses and the distance between them.
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3. Gravity causes objects to accelerate towards each other at a rate proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
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3.1.3 Relate gravitational acceleration, g on the surface of the Earth with the universal gravitational constant, G
3.1.4 Justify the importance of knowing the values of gravitational acceleration of the planets in the Solar System.
3.1.5 Describe the centripetal force in the motion of satellites and planets system.
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3.1.6 Determine the mass of the Earth and the Sun using Newton’s universal law of gravitation and centripetal force.
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3.1 Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
3.1.1 Explain Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation:
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3.1.2 Solve problems involving Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation for:
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Newton's theory of universal gravitation proposes that every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Newton realized that the moon and falling apples are attracted to Earth by the same force of gravity. He determined gravitational forces exist between all objects and derived the inverse-square law formula to calculate these forces. Examples of applying Newton's theory include calculating the masses of Earth and Sun from their gravitational interactions, and determining satellite speeds and orbital distances using formulas balancing gravitational and centrifugal forces.
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- Newton proposed his law of universal gravitation, which states that every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
- The gravitational field strength is defined as the gravitational force exerted per unit mass. Near the surface of planets like Earth, the gravitational field strength equals the acceleration due to gravity.
- Kepler's laws describe the motion of planets in the solar system, including that planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus, and the time to sweep out equal areas is equal.
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* Mass of earth (M) = 5.98 x 1024 kg
* Radius of earth (R) = 6378100 m
* Gravitational constant (G) = 6.6726 x 10-11 N-m2/kg2
* Escape velocity (v) = √(2GM/R)
= √(2 x 6.6726 x 10-11 x 5.98 x 1024 / 6378100)
= √(2 x 3.986 x 1014 / 6378100)
= √(2 x 6.273 x 107)
= √1.2546 x 108
= 11.186 km/s
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1. Gravitation is a natural phenomenon that causes physical bodies to attract each other. Newton studied the motion of the moon around Earth and determined that the same laws govern the motion of objects on Earth and in the sky.
2. Newton calculated that the acceleration due to gravity on Earth is 9.8 m/s^2. Gravitation explains the orbits of planets around the Sun and the tides caused by the gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon.
3. The value of the gravitational acceleration, g, can be used to predict the orbits and time periods of satellites around Earth. Kepler's laws describe the elliptical orbits of planets around the Sun.
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1. A box of mass 1.6 kg is suspended in a lift and its readings are taken at different lift accelerations. When stationary, the reading is 16N. When accelerating up at 2m/s^2, the reading is 19.2N. When accelerating down at 3m/s^2, the reading is 11.2N.
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1. Gravitation is the force of attraction between two objects due to their masses. The universal law of gravitation states that the gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
2. When an object falls towards the earth due to gravitational attraction, it is undergoing free fall. The acceleration during free fall is called acceleration due to gravity (g), which is about 9.8 m/s^2 on earth.
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Law Of Gravitation PPT For All The Students | With Modern Animations and Info...
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All the Students od Class 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 and all the students of engineering, medical, CBSE, GSEB, U.P from beginner to Top and high level can get used. All The informtion are gathered to help you all the people.
All colleges and School students can use it.
All the people can reuse it by downloading by giving credits.
Copyright @ Jay Butani 2019
DISCLAIMER :- ALL THE INFORMARION ARE NOT EXACT OR 100% CORRECT THERE MAY BE MISTAKE. WE ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE OVER THAT.
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(2) Newton conceived of gravity as an attractive force between objects and derived the inverse-square law. This allowed him to explain Kepler's laws of planetary motion.
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1. The document summarizes Newton's theory of gravitation and key concepts in physics such as the four fundamental forces, Newton's law of universal gravitation, and gravitational potential energy.
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Gravitational forces were discussed, including Newton's theory of universal gravitation. Newton's law states that the gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Three properties of gravity are also mentioned: every object with mass is attracted to every other object, gravity is a force that acts at a distance through space, and gravity varies as the inverse square of the distance. General relativity is also briefly introduced as Einstein's theory improving on Newton by accounting for gravity as the curvature of spacetime.
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* Mass of earth (M) = 5.98 x 1024 kg
* Radius of earth (R) = 6378100 m
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* Escape velocity (v) = √(2GM/R)
= √(2 x 6.6726 x 10-11 x 5.98 x 1024 / 6378100)
= √(2 x 3.986 x 1014 / 6378100)
= √(2 x 6.273 x 107)
= √1.2546 x 108
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1. Gravitation is a natural phenomenon that causes physical bodies to attract each other. Newton studied the motion of the moon around Earth and determined that the same laws govern the motion of objects on Earth and in the sky.
2. Newton calculated that the acceleration due to gravity on Earth is 9.8 m/s^2. Gravitation explains the orbits of planets around the Sun and the tides caused by the gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon.
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1. A box of mass 1.6 kg is suspended in a lift and its readings are taken at different lift accelerations. When stationary, the reading is 16N. When accelerating up at 2m/s^2, the reading is 19.2N. When accelerating down at 3m/s^2, the reading is 11.2N.
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1. Gravitation is the force of attraction between two objects due to their masses. The universal law of gravitation states that the gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
2. When an object falls towards the earth due to gravitational attraction, it is undergoing free fall. The acceleration during free fall is called acceleration due to gravity (g), which is about 9.8 m/s^2 on earth.
3. Archimedes' principle states that when an object is immersed in a fluid, it experiences an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. This determines whether
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All the Students od Class 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 and all the students of engineering, medical, CBSE, GSEB, U.P from beginner to Top and high level can get used. All The informtion are gathered to help you all the people.
All colleges and School students can use it.
All the people can reuse it by downloading by giving credits.
Copyright @ Jay Butani 2019
DISCLAIMER :- ALL THE INFORMARION ARE NOT EXACT OR 100% CORRECT THERE MAY BE MISTAKE. WE ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE OVER THAT.
Gravitation 1
1. Centripetal force is the force acting towards the center that causes acceleration and keeps an object moving in a circular path.
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3. Important concepts explained by the universal law include the force binding us to Earth, the motion of the moon around Earth, and the motion of planets around the sun.
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Newton's law of gravitation describes the attractive force between two masses. The force is proportional to the product of the masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Kepler's laws describe the motion of planets orbiting the sun, including that their orbits are ellipses with the sun at one focus, they sweep out equal areas in equal times, and the squares of their orbital periods are proportional to the cubes of their average distances from the sun. Near a planet's surface, the gravitational field is approximately uniform, but it decreases in strength farther away and points radially inward, making it nonuniform.
Gravity.ppt
The document summarizes Newton's law of gravitation and Kepler's laws of planetary motion. It provides equations and examples to explain how gravity works based on the inverse square law and how planetary orbits can be modeled. It also discusses how Cavendish calculated G, the gravitational constant, and how early astronomers like Copernicus, Brahe, Galileo and Kepler contributed to the development of our understanding of gravity and planetary motion.
10 gravitation.pdf
1. The document discusses concepts related to gravitation including Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation, Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion, gravitational force, and acceleration due to gravity.
2. Key points covered include Newton's inverse square law formula for gravitational force, Kepler's three laws of planetary motion, and definitions of free fall and acceleration due to gravity.
3. The document also discusses properties of gravitational force and provides examples to illustrate concepts like why objects on Earth do not continuously accelerate towards each other due to gravitational attraction.
GRAVITATION.ppt
This document discusses Newton's universal law of gravitation and various concepts related to gravitation such as acceleration due to gravity, gravitational potential energy, escape velocity, orbital velocity, and geostationary satellites. It begins by defining Newton's universal law of gravitation and properties of gravitational force. It then discusses how acceleration due to gravity varies with altitude, depth, and location. Gravitational potential energy and escape velocity are also summarized. Orbital velocity and types of satellites like geostationary and polar satellites are defined in less than 3 sentences.
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This document outlines lecture materials for a course on geophysics. Chapter 1 discusses Newton's derivation of the inverse square law of gravity and its implications for planetary orbits and gravitational force. It also examines how gravitational force depends on mass and distance between objects. Chapter 2 covers isostasy, or equilibrium between the lithosphere and asthenosphere. Subsequent chapters will address seismicity, geomagnetism, heat flow within the Earth, and the general and applied uses of geophysics.
La gravedad
1) Isaac Newton established the law of universal gravitation, which states that any two bodies in the universe attract each other with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
2) The acceleration of gravity on Earth is approximately 9.8 m/s^2 and causes objects to fall toward the center of the Earth. This was demonstrated by Galileo through experiments with falling objects.
3) The exact value of the acceleration of gravity varies slightly depending on one's latitude and proximity to the Earth's surface or poles, where it is strongest due to the planet's rotation and flattened shape.
Anti gravity
The document discusses anti-gravity, which refers to creating objects free from the force of gravity. It notes that while anti-gravity is common in science fiction, general relativity suggests it is impossible except under contrived circumstances. One proposed method for producing anti-gravity involves using negative mass, where a negative mass object would fall towards normal matter due to repulsive gravitational forces.
Gravitation - Physics
This document discusses concepts related to gravitation and gravity. It begins with a brief history of gravity and Newton's law of gravitation. It then defines gravitation as the attractive force between any two objects with mass, and defines gravity as the gravitational force that occurs between Earth and other bodies. The key points are that gravitation is a universal force, while gravity specifically refers to the gravitational attraction of Earth. The document goes on to provide explanations and formulas for concepts like gravitational constant, acceleration due to gravity, mass vs weight, and center of gravity vs center of mass.
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Summary Of transcription and Translation.pdf
Hello Everyone Here We are Sharing You with The process of protien Synthesis in very short points you will be Able to understand It Very well
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...ABHISHEK SONI NIMT INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND PARAMEDCIAL SCIENCES , GOVT PG COLLEGE NOIDA
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
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SHAILESH RAJ
- 1. GRAVITATION
- 4. + 38 10 ForcenalGravitatio ForceneticElectromag proton electron rˆ r mm GF 2 21 r MmG )r(Ug 1.Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation 2.Gravitational Potential Energy (long-range form)
- 6. Old: )yy(gm)y(U 0g New: r MmG )r(Ug How could these be the same? Consider a location near the surface of the earth, y0 = R, y = R+h. The only thing that matters is U, not U itself. Old: hgm)RhR(gmUg + New: + + hR 1 R 1 MmG R MmG hR MmG Ug + + hRR h MGm hR 1 R 1 MGm 2 (h << R) hgmh R MG m R h MGm 22
- 7. “Acceleration due to gravity” Ball Earth
- 8. Newton’s 2nd law force (F) is acting on falling ball (mass = m) All masses have same acceleration . . . so more mass means more force needed: mF F m Ball Earth
- 9. F Newton’s 3rd law ball pulls on Earth Ball F Does Earth accelerate? Earth
- 10. All bits of matter attract all other bits of matter . . . M1 M2 d F F “Inverse square law” d 1 F2. MMF1. 2 21
- 11. 1. Increase one or both masses, and force increases. 2. Force decreases as distance increases. Force Distance 400 N 10 m 100 N 20 m 25 N 40 m 16 N 50 m 4 N 100 m d M1 M2F F 4 400 2 400 100 2
- 12. Force Distance 400 10 178 15 100 20 44.4 30 25 40 16 50 11.1 60 8.2 70 6.25 80 4 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 100 200 300 400 500 Distance Force Force never becomes zero.
- 13. Putting the two parts of the force law together . . . 2 21 d MGM F (G = gravitational constant) Acts through empty space “action at a distance” Explains how gravity behaves – but not why
- 14. p. 83
- 15. Weight Measure of gravitational attraction of Earth (or any other planet) for you. Earth R F m M Weight 2 R GMm FW
- 16. Other planets: M and R change, so your weight must change Mars: R = 0.53 x Earth’s radius M = 0.11 x Earth’s mass Earth Mars Weight 150 lbs 59 lbs A real planet . . .
- 17. “Weight” can be made to apparently increase . . . upward acceleration
- 18. . . . or decrease! downward acceleration “Weightlessness” 9.8 m/s/s Free-fall
- 19. 2 R GMm W your weight your mass Earth’s radius Earth’s mass M = 6 x 1024 kg
- 20. By 1915, Einstein had worked through all the math (with some help) to show that his postulates led to a new theory of gravity based on the effect of mass and energy to curve the structure of space and time. His theory has some startling implications, one being the existence of “black holes” – regions of space where the gravity field is so high that even light cannot escape. The predictions of General Relativity, including the existence of black holes, have been confirmed by all experiments to date.
- 21. Any motion controlled only by gravity is an orbit Without gravity With gravity NEWTON: Gravity explains how planets (and moons & satellites & etc.) go. Sun
- 22. . Object is effectively continuously falling toward the sun . . . . . . But never gets there! Circle F
- 23. Imagine launching a ball sideways near Earth . . .
- 24. Johannes Kepler (1571 – 1630) 1. Planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus X Sun (Focus) Focus Semi-major axis (a) c
- 26. M m 2 3 P a 1 2 3 P a mM + units of the Sun’s mass
- 27. 3 2 2 a m)G(M 4 P + 1 yr 1 AU Earth’s massSun’s Mass
- 28. CENTER OF MASS ORBITS We left something out . . . Sun Planet Sun pulls on planet . . . planet pulls on sun Sun moves a little, too!
- 29. Exaggerated view: X S P X = center of both orbits Circular orbits
- 30. Consider Jupiter & the Sun . . . X 5.2 AU0.0052 AU Sun’s motion is small! Center of Mass Gravitational Orbits Animation
- 31. Earth & Moon: X 2900 mi 235,500 mi 2900 mi < Earth’s radius! Gravitational Orbits Animation