The Internet of Things (IoT) is set to occupy a substantial component of future Internet. The IoT connects sensors and devices that record physical observations to applications and services of the Internet[1]. As a successor to technologies such as RFID and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), the IoT has stumbled into vertical silos of proprietary systems, providing little or no interoperability with similar systems. As the IoT represents future state of the Internet, an intelligent and scalable architecture is required to provide connectivity between these silos, enabling discovery of physical sensors and interpretation of messages between the things. This paper proposes a gateway and Semantic Web enabled IoT architecture to provide interoperability between systems, which utilizes established communication and data standards. The Semantic Gateway as Service (SGS) allows translation between messaging protocols such as XMPP, CoAP and MQTT via a multi-protocol proxy architecture. Utilization of broadly accepted specifications such as W3Cs Semantic Sensor Network (SSN) ontology for semantic annotations of sensor data provide semantic interoperability between messages and support semantic reasoning to obtain higher-level actionable knowledge from low-level sensor data. Link to the paper: http://knoesis.org/library/resource.php?id=2154 Citation: Pratikkumar Desai, Amit Sheth, Pramod Anantharam, 'Semantic Gateway as a Service architecture for IoT Interoperability', IEEE 4th International Conference on Mobile Services, June 27 - July 2, 2015, New York, USA.

1. Semantic Gateway as Service for IoT
Interoperability
Pratik Desai*, Amit Sheth**, Pramod Anantharam**
*Imbue Inc.,
**Ohio Center of Excellence in Knowledge-enabled
Computing(Kno.e.sis),
Wright State University, USA
Presentation for: IEEE 4th International Conference on Mobile Services, June 27 – July 2, 2015, NY, USA

2. 2
Increasing number of “Things” on IoT
Source: CISCO

3. IoT has resulted in multiple vertical silos
3
App
Fitbit
Home Router
NEST
IoT
Platform
Fitbit activity
tracker
Health
sensor
Weighing
scale
NEST

4. Interoperability is an issue at each level
4
Network level Messaging level Data Annotation level
- Mostly sink nodes are
resource constrained
devices.
- In major cases, low
power networking
protocols such as
ZigBee, Zwave,
Bluetooth, etc. are
used.
- Traditional protocols
are also used i.e.
Ethernet and WiFi.
- Applications and
vendor dependent.
- Competing protocols
for resource
constrained devices
are CoAP, MQTT and
XMPP.
- Traditional HTTP
RESTful methods are
utilized at service
level.
- Major IoT products
have propriety data
models.
- In most cases,
without semantic
annotations.
- Few attempts have
been made to
standardize data
models, though still
scattered.

5. Attempts in similar vein
5
SemSOSSSN OntologyOGC SWE
Messaging Level:
Data Level:

6. SGS: Semantic Gateway as Service as a
semantic web based IoT solution
• Addresses the interoperability challenges at messaging
and data model level.
• Enables knowledge based annotation of raw sensor data
with seamless integration between heterogeneous
architectures.
• Provides interface for high-level, semantic web enabled
IoT services.
• Assists resource constrained devices by transferring
complex computation to the gateway level.
6

7. Semantic IoT architecture with a Gateway
7

8. SGS: Semantic Gateway as Service bridges
physical world with semantic services
8

9. SGS: Multi-protocol proxy translate messages
between sink nodes and application services
9

10. SGS: Semantic Data Annotation converts raw
data into semantically annotated information
12

11. SSW Introduction
lives in
has
pet
is ahas pet
Person Animal
Concrete Facts
Resource Description Framework
Semantic Web
(according to Farside)
General Knowledge
Web Ontology Language
“Now! – That should clear up a few things around here!”
is a

12. 14
RDF OWL
Semantic Sensor Networks (SSN)
How are machines supposed to integrate and interpret sensor data?

13. 15Lefort, L., Henson, C., Taylor, K., Barnaghi, P., Compton, M., Corcho, O., Garcia-Castro, R., Graybeal, J., Herzog, A., Janowicz, K.,
Neuhaus, H., Nikolov, A., and Page, K.: Semantic Sensor Network XG Final Report, W3C Incubator Group Report (2011).
W3C Semantic Sensor Network Ontology

14. 16Lefort, L., Henson, C., Taylor, K., Barnaghi, P., Compton, M., Corcho, O., Garcia-Castro, R., Graybeal, J., Herzog, A., Janowicz, K.,
Neuhaus, H., Nikolov, A., and Page, K.: Semantic Sensor Network XG Final Report, W3C Incubator Group Report (2011).
W3C Semantic Sensor Network Ontology

15. Example of Semantic Annotation…
TMP36TemparatureSensor1
MeasurementCapabilityTMP361
ssn:forProperty1
rdfs:subClassOf1
temperature1
ssn:hasMeasurementCapability1
ssn:inCondi<on1
ssn:SensingDevice1
TemperatureReading1
TempratureValue1
Celsius1
DUL:amount1
ssn:hasValue1
DUL:isClassifiedBy1
DUL:hasDataValue1
is1a1
401
(xsd:1float)1
Ssn:featureOfInterest11
sgs:topic1
is1aligned1to1
rdfs:subClassOF1
rdfs:subClassOF1
17

16. SGS: Gateway service interface provides
connectivity high-level IoT services
18

17. SGS implementation with SemSOS
19

18. Conclusion
• Proposes a novel solution that integrates semantic web
technology with existing sensor communication protocols
and service standards.
• Enables translation of messages between widely used
messaging protocols for resource-constrained devices.
• Enhances service level interoperability such as
integration with SemSOS.
• Addresses various interoperability challenges faced by
real-world IoT deployments.
20

19. Thank you, and please visit us at http://knoesis.org
For more information on kHealth, please visit us at http://knoesis.org/projects/ssw
Thanks 
Link to the paper: http://knoesis.org/library/resource.php?id=2154