This document discusses context aware water management systems for smart agriculture using IoT technology. It describes mainstream IoT approaches and how context aware systems integrate heterogeneous data sources to build new contextual information that influences device behavior. The FIWARE open source framework is presented as a way to implement such a system using components like an IoT agent, MQTT broker, and context broker. A prototype is demonstrated using FIWARE components and sensors, actuators and an ultra light IoT agent to monitor soil moisture and control a pump in a vineyard irrigation system based on the environmental context.

1. 11/13/2020 Center for Sensing Solutions
Context aware water management
system for smart agricolture
S. Tondini

2. 11/13/2020 Center for Sensing Solutions S. Tondini
Outline
• Mainstream IoT approaches
• Context: from data to information management
• Context aware systems
• Data-driven vs context-driven
• FIWARE framework of open-source components
• FIWARE based protitype
• Demo

3. 11/13/2020 Center for Sensing Solutions S. Tondini
Mainstream IoT approaches
• Many application fields
• (agriculture, smart city, healthcare, industry 4.0, domotics, …)
• Main functions
• (data collection, monitoring, control, acting)
• Communication links
• (Bluetooth, WiFi, Ethernet, LoRa, Zigbee, (w-)Mbus, …)
• Data reaction principle
• Data are saved and use (directly) by devices to create actions
https://aws.amazon.com/iot-core/
https://www.bosch-press.it/pressportal/it/it/press-release-43205.html
https://www.slideshare.net/LearnWTB/ibms-watson-iot-platform-allows-you-to-quickly-connect-devices-to-bluemix-cloud

4. • Integration/fusion of heterogeneous data sources
• Data are combined to build new information capable of describing the context
• Context data allow for added-value features/services
11/13/2020 Center for Sensing Solutions S. Tondini
Context: from data to information management
open data
device (proprietary) data
User apps
context information

5. • Behaviour of the devices changes upon the context changes
11/13/2020 Center for Sensing Solutions S. Tondini
Context aware systems
Data source 1
Data source N
Data source 2
database
evaluation of devices
data with other data
sources in respect of
the context
device
new information created
influences the behaviour
of the devices and system
as a whole
ACTION

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Data-driven vs context-driven
Data source 1
Data source N
Data source 2
database
Verification of
conditions based
on data stored
reaction
storedata
device
database
evaluation of the
context data
context change
forwarddata
device
new information created
influences the behaviour
of the devices and system

7. 11/13/2020 Center for Sensing Solutions S. Tondini
FIWARE framework of open-source components (1)
• to interfacing with IoT, robots and third-party systems
• capturing updates on context and translating into actions
• to manage Context Data/API
• publishing and monetize part of the information
• to process, analyse, and visualize context information
• implementing smart behavior and context aware decision making
• Event driven
https://www.fiware.org/developers/

8. 11/13/2020 Center for Sensing Solutions S. Tondini
FIWARE framework of open-source components (2)
• Indirect communication via MQTT messaging
• Publish-Subscribe mechanism
• Devices can subscribe to the topic at any time
to receive messages
• Low Power demands
• Direct communication via HTTP get/post
• Request-Response mechanism
• Devices must always be ready to receive
messages
• High Power demands
https://fiware-tutorials.readthedocs.io/en/latest/iot-sensors/index.html

9. 11/13/2020 Center for Sensing Solutions S. Tondini
FIWARE framework of open-source components (3)
• Entity service paths: hierarchical scopes
• Example: /Agriculture/Irrigation/Vineyard1/Pump
Agricolture
Silo
management
Filed zoning
Live-stock
management
Irrigation (crop
watering)
Vineyard1
Soil moisture
sensor
Pump
Vineyard2

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LoRaWAN GW
LoRaWAN sensor
Pump actuator
Ext forecast
ServicePath:/AGRICULTURE/IRRIGATION/FIWARE based prototype
«device»
«device»
«device»
LoRa
«component»
UltraLight IoT Agent
«component»
LoRaWAN IoT Agent
«component»
Perseo CEP
«component»
Mongo DB
«component»
Monquitto MQTT broker
«component»
Orion Context Broker
NGSI parser
27017:27017
27017:27017
27017:27017
4061:4061
9090:9090
4041:4041
VM 2
wifi
wifi
LoRaServer
VM 1
«component»
«data»

11. 11/13/2020 Center for Sensing Solutions S. Tondini
agents / broker logic
multiple information sources
subscribe/updates on topics
complex event processing
Demo

12. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Regional Development Fund, Operational
Programme Investment for growth and jobs ERDF 2014-2020 under Project number ERDF1094, Data Platform and Sensing
Technology for Environmental Sensing LAB – DPS4ESLAB.
11/13/2020 Center for Sensing Solutions S. Tondini
Thanks for your kind attention!
STEFANO TONDINI
Center for Sensing Solutions
T +39 0471 055 266
F +39 0471 055 949
stefano.tondini@eurac.edu