This document provides an overview of a presentation on sexuality and sex therapy. It includes:
- Definitions of key terms related to sexuality like sexuality, gender roles, and gender identity.
- Descriptions of the phases of the human sexual response cycle according to Masters and Johnson and Kaplan.
- Discussions of common sexual dysfunctions like lack of sexual desire, erectile dysfunction, and premature ejaculation.
- Overviews of paraphilias and sexual deviations.
- Brief histories of perspectives on sexuality from Freud, Ellis, Kinsey, and Masters and Johnson.
- Descriptions of common techniques in sex therapy like history taking, sensate focus exercises, and the PL
A talk for a group of psychiatric residents to introduce them to concepts and principles of sex therapy and the training involved in becoming a sex therapist.
Mental health is not just about overt behaviours---exposed socially, but there are more volatile intimate emotions that could devastate any human relations forever-though not overtly observed as abnormal--!
We will discuss about such emotions which are banned in social discussions and stigmatized.
"Sexual disorders and dysfunctions" could be present in any socioeconomic classes--not age, education, gender, culture specific.
Understanding these critical emotions on time and accepting it would save human relationships--avoiding suffering, inferiority complex, gender harassment and abuse.
Educate yourself and save relationships!!!
Mental health subject is originally stigmatized, moreover talking to someone about sexual disorders is as critical as finding a pearl into a deep ocean.........
A talk for a group of psychiatric residents to introduce them to concepts and principles of sex therapy and the training involved in becoming a sex therapist.
Mental health is not just about overt behaviours---exposed socially, but there are more volatile intimate emotions that could devastate any human relations forever-though not overtly observed as abnormal--!
We will discuss about such emotions which are banned in social discussions and stigmatized.
"Sexual disorders and dysfunctions" could be present in any socioeconomic classes--not age, education, gender, culture specific.
Understanding these critical emotions on time and accepting it would save human relationships--avoiding suffering, inferiority complex, gender harassment and abuse.
Educate yourself and save relationships!!!
Mental health subject is originally stigmatized, moreover talking to someone about sexual disorders is as critical as finding a pearl into a deep ocean.........
"Treatment Concepts and Techniques in Sexual Therapy" by Clinical Sexologist Dr. Martha Tara Lee of Eros Coaching for "Symposium - Sex and the Spine: All You Ever Wanted to Know about Sex and the Spine but Were Afraid to Ask" by NSpine as part of SpineWeek, at Marina Bay Sands Expo & Convention Centre on Mon 16 May 2016.
Dr Martha Tara Lee is Founder and Clinical Sexologist of Eros Coaching since 2009. She is a certified sexologist with ACS (American College of Sexologists), as well as a certified sexuality educator with AASECT (American Association of Sexuality Educators, Counselors, and Therapists). Martha holds a Doctorate in Human Sexuality as well as Certificates in Sex Therapy, Practical Counselling and Life Coaching. She was recognised as one of ‘Top 50 Inspiring Women under 40′ by Her World Singapore in July 2010 and ‘Top 100 Inspiring Women by CozyCot Singapore in March 2011. Website: http://www.eroscoaching.com.
Couple therapy and treatment of sexual dysfunctionGladys Escalante
Psychology: Couple Therapy and Transsexual dysfunction
sex, Dr. Steven Mendoza, Marriage and Family Therapy,
Treatment of sexual dysfunction, Clinical Psychology,
Sex on the Therapy Couch: Working with Sex in the Therapeutic RelationshipIndaba Counselling
Counsellors can sometimes feel ill-equipped to engage with clients in this area, owing to a lack of training or their own unclear feelings around sex. This can inadvertently undermine clients feeling safe to openly discuss sexual concerns. The workshop addresses this and will encourage participants to explore how their own attitudes may impact a Person-Centred therapeutic relationship.
There can be many variations of this theme, so some clarification is offered below:
In counselling training, we are encouraged to examine our views and to raise our self-awareness around all manner of issues, such as loss, race, disability, difference and diversity, so as to be effective therapists. Much of sexual training focuses on sexuality and GLBT, and sexual abuse, while more general feelings about the act of sex itself is often neglected. This can leave counsellors less equipped to engage comfortably with client concerns, e.g. owing to personal embarrassment or shame, such that a client might then feel unsafe to openly discuss sexual apprehensions in their relationship or anxiety about having sex, not liking it, wanting it too much, being influenced by pornography, to name but a few areas of potential worry.
The presentation is thus intended to address theses issues by an examination of societies' views of sex, our own feelings about it, and finally we will link these to how all of this may subtly impact our client work.
Sexual Disorders
Sexuality
One of the most personal area of life. Each of us is sexual being with preferences and fantasies that may surprise or even shock us from time to time. Usually these are part of normal sexual functioning. But when our fantasies or desire begin to affect or other in unwanted or harmful ways, they begin to qualify as abnormal.
For perspective, we begin by briefly describing norms and healthy sexual behavior. Then we consider two forms of sexual problems: sexual dysfunctioning and paraphilias.
Sexual Norms and Behavior
Consider contemporary Western worldviews that inhibition of sexual expression causes problems. Contrast this with nineteenth-and-early-twentieth-century views that excess was culprit; in particular excessive masturbation in childhood was widely believe to lead to sexual problems in adulthood. Von Krafft-Ebing (1902) postulated that early masturbation damage the sexual organs and exhausted a finite reservoir of sexual energy, resulting in diminishing ability to function sexually in adulthood. Even in adulthood, excessive sexual activity was thought to underlie problems such us erectile failure. The general Victorian view was that sexual appetite was dangerous and therefore had to be restrained.
Sexual Norms and Behavior
Other changes over time have influence people attitudes and experiences of sexuality.
Aside from changes over time and across generation, culture influences attitudes and beliefs about sexuality. In some culture, sexuality is viewed as an important part of well-being and pleasure, wheras in others, sexuality is viewed as relevant only for procreation (Bhurga, Popelyuk & McMullen, 2010). Cultures also vary in their acceptance of variation in sexual behavior.
In other culture it is common to stigmatize same-gender sexual behavior. Clearly, we must keep varying cultural norms in mind as we study human sexual behavior.
Gender and Sexuality
Across wide range of indices, men reported more engagement in sexual thought and behavior that do women.
Compared to women, men report thinking about sex, masturbation, and desiring sex more often, as well as desiring more sexual partner and having more partners.
Beyond these differences in sex drive Peplau (2003) has described several other ways in which the genders tend to differ in sexuality. Women tend to be more ashamed of any flaws in their appearance than the men, and this shame can interfere with sexual satisfaction (Sanchez & Kiefer, 2007)
Gender and Sexuality
For women, sexual appears more closely tied to relationship status and social norms that for men (Baumeister, 200).
Among women with sexual symptoms, more than half believe their symptoms are caused by relationship problems (Nicholls, 2008).
Men are more likely to think about their sexuality in terms of power than are women (Andersen, et al. 1999).
Gender and Sexuality
There are many parallels in men’s and women’s sexuality.
Relationship Counselor and Clinical Sexologist Dr. Martha Tara Lee of Eros Coaching spoke on "Sexual Counselling/ Role Play" at the Certificate in Practical Andrology on 28 July July 2018 at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
About Dr. Martha Tara Lee
Dr. Martha Tara Lee is Relationship Counselor and Clinical Sexologist of Eros Coaching. She is a certified sexuality educator with AASECT (American Association of Sexuality Educators, Counselors, and Therapists) as well as certified sexologist with ACS (American College of Sexologists). Martha holds a Doctorate in Human Sexuality, Masters in Counseling, Certificates in Sex Therapy, Practical Counselling and Life Coaching, as well as two other degrees. She was recognised as one of ‘Top 50 Inspiring Women under 40′ by Her World Singapore in July 2010 and ‘Top 100 Inspiring Women by CozyCot Singapore in March 2011.
Subscribe so you don't miss a thing! http://www.ErosCoaching.com
Social media links
https://www.facebook.com/eroscoaching
https://twitter.com/drmarthalee
https://www.linkedin.com/in/leemartha
Programs
Ready Get Sex Go http://www.eroscoaching.com/rgsg
Sex Jumpstart http://www.eroscoaching.com/sex-jumpstart
Tongue Twisters http://www.eroscoaching.com/tongue-twisters
Sex Possible http://www.eroscoaching.com/sex-possible
Clean and Clear http://www.eroscoaching.com/clean-and-clear
Books
Orgasmic Yoga: Masturbation, Meditation and Everything In-Between https://www.amazon.com/Orgasmic-Yoga-Masturbation-Meditation-Between/dp/1515118193
Love, Sex and Everything In Between https://www.amazon.com/Love-Sex-Everything-Between-Martha/dp/9814484199/ref=reg_hu-rd_add_1_dp
From Princess to Queen http://www.eroscoaching.com/queen
"Treatment Concepts and Techniques in Sexual Therapy" by Clinical Sexologist Dr. Martha Tara Lee of Eros Coaching for "Symposium - Sex and the Spine: All You Ever Wanted to Know about Sex and the Spine but Were Afraid to Ask" by NSpine as part of SpineWeek, at Marina Bay Sands Expo & Convention Centre on Mon 16 May 2016.
Dr Martha Tara Lee is Founder and Clinical Sexologist of Eros Coaching since 2009. She is a certified sexologist with ACS (American College of Sexologists), as well as a certified sexuality educator with AASECT (American Association of Sexuality Educators, Counselors, and Therapists). Martha holds a Doctorate in Human Sexuality as well as Certificates in Sex Therapy, Practical Counselling and Life Coaching. She was recognised as one of ‘Top 50 Inspiring Women under 40′ by Her World Singapore in July 2010 and ‘Top 100 Inspiring Women by CozyCot Singapore in March 2011. Website: http://www.eroscoaching.com.
Couple therapy and treatment of sexual dysfunctionGladys Escalante
Psychology: Couple Therapy and Transsexual dysfunction
sex, Dr. Steven Mendoza, Marriage and Family Therapy,
Treatment of sexual dysfunction, Clinical Psychology,
Sex on the Therapy Couch: Working with Sex in the Therapeutic RelationshipIndaba Counselling
Counsellors can sometimes feel ill-equipped to engage with clients in this area, owing to a lack of training or their own unclear feelings around sex. This can inadvertently undermine clients feeling safe to openly discuss sexual concerns. The workshop addresses this and will encourage participants to explore how their own attitudes may impact a Person-Centred therapeutic relationship.
There can be many variations of this theme, so some clarification is offered below:
In counselling training, we are encouraged to examine our views and to raise our self-awareness around all manner of issues, such as loss, race, disability, difference and diversity, so as to be effective therapists. Much of sexual training focuses on sexuality and GLBT, and sexual abuse, while more general feelings about the act of sex itself is often neglected. This can leave counsellors less equipped to engage comfortably with client concerns, e.g. owing to personal embarrassment or shame, such that a client might then feel unsafe to openly discuss sexual apprehensions in their relationship or anxiety about having sex, not liking it, wanting it too much, being influenced by pornography, to name but a few areas of potential worry.
The presentation is thus intended to address theses issues by an examination of societies' views of sex, our own feelings about it, and finally we will link these to how all of this may subtly impact our client work.
Sexual Disorders
Sexuality
One of the most personal area of life. Each of us is sexual being with preferences and fantasies that may surprise or even shock us from time to time. Usually these are part of normal sexual functioning. But when our fantasies or desire begin to affect or other in unwanted or harmful ways, they begin to qualify as abnormal.
For perspective, we begin by briefly describing norms and healthy sexual behavior. Then we consider two forms of sexual problems: sexual dysfunctioning and paraphilias.
Sexual Norms and Behavior
Consider contemporary Western worldviews that inhibition of sexual expression causes problems. Contrast this with nineteenth-and-early-twentieth-century views that excess was culprit; in particular excessive masturbation in childhood was widely believe to lead to sexual problems in adulthood. Von Krafft-Ebing (1902) postulated that early masturbation damage the sexual organs and exhausted a finite reservoir of sexual energy, resulting in diminishing ability to function sexually in adulthood. Even in adulthood, excessive sexual activity was thought to underlie problems such us erectile failure. The general Victorian view was that sexual appetite was dangerous and therefore had to be restrained.
Sexual Norms and Behavior
Other changes over time have influence people attitudes and experiences of sexuality.
Aside from changes over time and across generation, culture influences attitudes and beliefs about sexuality. In some culture, sexuality is viewed as an important part of well-being and pleasure, wheras in others, sexuality is viewed as relevant only for procreation (Bhurga, Popelyuk & McMullen, 2010). Cultures also vary in their acceptance of variation in sexual behavior.
In other culture it is common to stigmatize same-gender sexual behavior. Clearly, we must keep varying cultural norms in mind as we study human sexual behavior.
Gender and Sexuality
Across wide range of indices, men reported more engagement in sexual thought and behavior that do women.
Compared to women, men report thinking about sex, masturbation, and desiring sex more often, as well as desiring more sexual partner and having more partners.
Beyond these differences in sex drive Peplau (2003) has described several other ways in which the genders tend to differ in sexuality. Women tend to be more ashamed of any flaws in their appearance than the men, and this shame can interfere with sexual satisfaction (Sanchez & Kiefer, 2007)
Gender and Sexuality
For women, sexual appears more closely tied to relationship status and social norms that for men (Baumeister, 200).
Among women with sexual symptoms, more than half believe their symptoms are caused by relationship problems (Nicholls, 2008).
Men are more likely to think about their sexuality in terms of power than are women (Andersen, et al. 1999).
Gender and Sexuality
There are many parallels in men’s and women’s sexuality.
Relationship Counselor and Clinical Sexologist Dr. Martha Tara Lee of Eros Coaching spoke on "Sexual Counselling/ Role Play" at the Certificate in Practical Andrology on 28 July July 2018 at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
About Dr. Martha Tara Lee
Dr. Martha Tara Lee is Relationship Counselor and Clinical Sexologist of Eros Coaching. She is a certified sexuality educator with AASECT (American Association of Sexuality Educators, Counselors, and Therapists) as well as certified sexologist with ACS (American College of Sexologists). Martha holds a Doctorate in Human Sexuality, Masters in Counseling, Certificates in Sex Therapy, Practical Counselling and Life Coaching, as well as two other degrees. She was recognised as one of ‘Top 50 Inspiring Women under 40′ by Her World Singapore in July 2010 and ‘Top 100 Inspiring Women by CozyCot Singapore in March 2011.
Subscribe so you don't miss a thing! http://www.ErosCoaching.com
Social media links
https://www.facebook.com/eroscoaching
https://twitter.com/drmarthalee
https://www.linkedin.com/in/leemartha
Programs
Ready Get Sex Go http://www.eroscoaching.com/rgsg
Sex Jumpstart http://www.eroscoaching.com/sex-jumpstart
Tongue Twisters http://www.eroscoaching.com/tongue-twisters
Sex Possible http://www.eroscoaching.com/sex-possible
Clean and Clear http://www.eroscoaching.com/clean-and-clear
Books
Orgasmic Yoga: Masturbation, Meditation and Everything In-Between https://www.amazon.com/Orgasmic-Yoga-Masturbation-Meditation-Between/dp/1515118193
Love, Sex and Everything In Between https://www.amazon.com/Love-Sex-Everything-Between-Martha/dp/9814484199/ref=reg_hu-rd_add_1_dp
From Princess to Queen http://www.eroscoaching.com/queen
Marieb. E.N. (2001) explains that gonads begin to form until the eighth week of embryonic development. During the early stages of human development, embryonic reproductive structures of males and females are alike and said to be in indifferent stage.
The presence of male and female structures depends on the presence of testosterone.
Any intervention with the normal pattern of sex hormone production in the embryo results in strange abnormalities.
Puberty is the period of life, generally between the ages of 10 to 15 years old, when the reproductive -organs grow to their adult size and become functional under the influence of rising levels of gonadal hormones (testosterone on males and estrogen on females).
In males, as they reach the age of 13, puberty is characterized by the increased in the size of the reproductive organs followed by the appearance of hair in the public area, axillary, and face.
In females, the budding of their breast usually occurring at the age of 11. Menarche is the first menstrual of females which happens two years after the start of puberty.
HUMAN SEXUALITY AND SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS (1).pptxIshneetKaur41
Human Sexuality - Normal sexuality, normal sexual response, sexual identity and orientation and sexual dysfunctions with treatment - female sexual arousal disorder, anorgasmia, ejaculatory dysfunction, male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Sexual disorder - ICD10 gender identity disorders, disorders of sexual preference and sexual development and orientation disorders are listed under disorders of adult personality and behavior (f6), while sexual dysfunctions are listed under behavioral syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors (f5).
It is a disturbances in the sexual desire.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2. INTRODUCTION
SEXUALITY: AN OVERVIEW
SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION AND DEVIATIONS
APPROACHES TO SEX THERAPY
FORMAT OF SEX THERAPY
THERAPUTIC TECHNIQUES
CULTURE - BOUND SYNDROMES
CONCLUSION
2
3. “Sex is a natural function.
You can’t make it
happen, but you can
teach people to let it
happen.”
-William Masters
“If sex is such a natural
phenomenon, how come
there are so many books
on how to do it?”
-Bette Midler
3
4. The sexual nature of human beings is unique
and display complex sexual behaviors. We
create ideas, laws, customs, fantasies, and art
around the sexual act.
“Sexual health is the integration of the somatic,
emotional, mental and social aspects of sexual
being, in ways that are positively enriching and
that enhance personality, communication and
love (World Health Organization).
4
5. Sexuality is a general term for the feelings and behaviors
of human beings concerning sex. The term sex is used to
refer the biological designation of being either male or
female. Gender role is a wide assortment of expectable or
appropriate thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of males
and females; this is specific to socio- cultural
environment. Gender identity is referring to our self –
awareness of our maleness and femaleness, this may
involve the degree to which our biological characteristics
and our gender role are commensurate.
5
6. Excitement phase -thoughts play a major
role in excitement phase. Heart rate
and blood pressure gradually
increase throughout the excitement
phase. It includes penile erection in
the male and vaginal lubrication and
enlargement and breast changes in
the female.
The plateau phase- with continued erotic
stimulation, further physical changes
occur along with the individual’s
perception of growing sexual
pleasure. It includes the slight
retraction of the clitoral shaft and
glands in females and slight increase
of penis in males.
6
7. The orgasm phase- the sudden release of the tension
that built up during the plateau phase is an orgasm.
The resolution phase-the person has a sense of
relaxation and well-being after orgasm. Women’s
body returns to its pre excitement state and the penis
return to its unstimulated appearance.
7
8. 1) Desire phase –This model distinguishes between desire
as a psychological issue and physical first stage of
response in Master and Johnson.
2) The excitement phase
In this stage, vasocongestive responses of the pelvis and
genitalia are prominent. It includes generalized whole
body increase in muscular tension, modest increase in
heart rate, blood pressure and respiration rate
3) The orgasm phase
The third stage of Kaplan’s model is orgasm and
resolution phase is not included in her model.
8
9. Lack or loss of sexual desire- loss of sexual desire is the
principal problem and is not secondary to other sexual
difficulties, such as erectile failure or dyspareunia.
Sexual aversion and lack of sexual enjoyment- in
sexual aversion, prospect of sexual interaction with a
partner is associated with strong negative feelings and
produces sufficient fear or anxiety that sexual activity is
avoided. In lack of sexual enjoyment, sexual response
occurs normally and orgasm is experienced but there is
a lack of appropriate pleasure.
Failure of genital response- in male erectile disorder,
the principal problem is erectile dysfunction, i.e.
difficulty in developing or maintaining an erection
suitable for satisfactory intercourse. In female sexual
arousal disorder, the principal problem is vaginal
dryness or failure of lubrication.
9
10. Orgasmic dysfunction – in this disorder, orgasm either
does not occur or is delayed and this is more common in
women more than men.
Premature ejaculation- the inability to control
ejaculation sufficiently for both partners to enjoy sexual
interaction. In some cases, ejaculation may occur before
vaginal entry or in the absence of an erection.
Nonorganic vaginismus- spasm of the muscles that
surround the vagina, causing occlusion of the vaginal
opening. Penile entry is either impossible or painful.
Nonorganic dyspareunia- is the pain during sexual
intercourse and occurs both women and men.
Excessive sexual drive- men and women may
occasionally complain of excessive sexual drive as a
problem in its own right. It usually occurs during the
late teenage.
10
11. Transsexualism is a desire to live and be
accepted as a member of the opposite sex.
Dual- role transvestism is the wearing of
the clothes of the opposite sex for part of
the individual’s existence in order to enjoy
the temporary experience of membership
of the opposite sex. No desire for a
permanent sex change or surgical
reassignment.
Gender identity disorder of childhood is
characterized by a persistent and intense
distress about assigned sex, together with a
desire to be of the other sex in early
childhood. There is a persistent
preoccupation with the dress and/or
activities of the opposite sex and/or
repudiation of the patient’s own sex.
11
12. Fetishism is defined as the reliance on some non-
living object as a stimulus for sexual arousal and
sexual gratification.
Fetishistic transvestism- the wearing of clothes of
the opposite sex principally to obtain sexual excitement
Exhibitionism is a recurrent or persistent tendency to
expose the genitalia to strangers (usually of the
opposite sex) or people in public places, without
inviting or intending close contact and the act is
commonly followed by masturbation.
Voyeurism is a recurrent or persistent tendency to look
at people engaging in sexual or intimate behaviour
such as undressing.
Paedophilia is the sexual preference for children,
usually of prepubertal or early pubertal age.
sadomasochism is a preference for sexual activity that
involves bondage or the infliction of pain or humiliation
12
13. Sexual maturation disorder is the individual suffers
from uncertainty about his or her gender identity or
sexual orientation which causes anxiety and depression.
Egodystonic sexual orientation is the gender identity or
sexual preference is not in doubt but the individual
wishes it were different because of associated
psychological and behavioral disorders and may seek in
order to change it.
Sexual relationship disorder is the gender identity or
sexual preference abnormality is responsible for
difficulties in forming or maintaining a relationship
with a sexual partner.
13
14. Pursuing sexual partners and consummating a
sexual interaction can become a compulsive and
uncontrollable behavior pattern similar to drug
addictions. There is a addiction cycle that
describes four stages 1) preoccupation2)
ritulization3) compulsive sexual behavior4)
despair. Some discussions point out the
similarity between sexual addiction and
paraphilia.
14
15. Ancient India, China, Greece and
Rome all had sex literatures and
ancient India had a rich tradition
of eroticism. ‘kamasutra’ and
‘Vedas’ are the examples of
Indian tradition of eroticism and
pleasure was described mainly
from male point of view. Foucault
argued that India and other non –
western people enjoyed sex as an
erotic sensibility, but the western
society was restricted to scientific
discourse. 15
16. Sigmund Freud advocated that sexuality began in
infancy, not at puberty, and it was intrinsically linked to
the development of personality. Freud’s libido theory
(1905) explains sexual impulses as instinctive drives
which built up and demanded expression and
relief(pleasure principle). Actions of erogenous zones
would bring the child into conflict with his parents
(external reality), and the resulting frustrations and
anxieties. Freud advocated sexual symptoms as simply
manifestations of deeper conflict in the individual and
need long –term treatment targeted the underlying
neurotic and characterological difficulties. Transference
and counter transference and the development of the
insight were used as the catalyst for changing the
conflicts. 16
17. Henry Havelock Ellis - sex as a natural human instinct
and challenged the notion that masturbation caused
illness, insanity and depravity. He argued that
homosexuality was inborn and could not be treated as a
vice. He suggested that female sexuality as more
passive, elusive and complex than male sexuality, and
need for extensive foreplay, including cunninlingus.
Kinsey conducted the first large –scale surveys of sexual
behaviour in the United States and published a book,
Sexual Behaviour in the Human Male. According to
Kinsey, sexual behaviour was rigidly policed by
moralists, the church and the law.
17
18. Masters and Johnson revolutionized the treatment of
sexual problems with behaviorally oriented
interventions to treat specific symptoms. They
pioneered the idea of couple therapy for sexual
difficulties. They also identified women as equal to
men in their abilities to enjoy sexual experience and
proposed four phases of human sex response cycle.
The main contribution is that sex therapy was
constructed around measurable and physiological
responses. This approach helped to establish the
legitimacy of the sex therapy.
18
19. Dr Helen Singer Kaplan introduced a new sex
therapy and advocated that symptomatic relief
could be obtained by adding brief
psychodynamic therapy to deal with current
conflicts. She experimented with various
treatment formats and also introduced
medication, especially SSRI antidepressants, as
an aid to overcoming sexual phobias.
19
20. In the mid -1980s, pharmacological approaches were
emerged for male sexual dysfunction. But mode of
treatment was changed into medical treatments
including sophisticated penile implants, penile
injections, intraurethral inserts and drugs like Viagra
and Aswagandha. Low –dose antidepressants
prescribed for treatment of premature ejaculation.
Testosterone and other hormone therapies were
recommended to treat both men and women for sexual
aversion or lack of desire and Viagra is the starting
treatment for erectile difficulties. Some professionals
suggest surgical procedures to increase the size of the
vaginal openings and treat sexual pain disorders.
20
21. Society’s myths about sex
Interpretation of religious traditions and sexual
dysfunctions
Sexual dysfunctions and later life
Race and ethnicity
Interpersonal problems and sexual dysfunctions
Lack of sexual information
Lack of domestic privacy
Psychological problems and the development of
sexual dysfunctions
Sexual assault and/ or abuse
21
22. Common sexual behaviors
Sexual fantasies- individual either recalls erotic sexually
stimulating episodes that occurred in past or imagines
sexually arousing situations.
Masturbation is a self-stimulation of the genitals to produce
sexual excitement and pleasure.
Communication regarding sex-good sexual communication
between partners is an important part of any sexual
relationship.
Foreplay or shared touching implies that it always precedes
sexual intercourse. Kissing, touching and oral -genital sex are
considered to be the common foreplay behaviors. Some
people like to perform oral sex on each other at the same
time.
Afterplay is defined as whatever a couple does immediately
following a sexual interaction
22
23. The Man- on-Top Position-This is also called the ‘male
superior position’. The man is lying face –to-face on top of his
female partner.
The Women –on –Top Position-A women sits or squats on
her partner who lying on his back. Her knees might be bent
with the tops of her feet in contact with the bed and the
female can control the angle, rate and depth of the penile
penetration.
The Lateral Entry Position-This is also called side – to- side
position, in which the couple lies on their sides facing one
another.
Rear Entry Intercourse-This position is also called ‘doggy
style’. A couple cannot see each others’ faces during the
penetration. The woman support herself on her hands and
knees while the man kneels behind her.
Heterosexual Anal Intercourse-It is asexual variation not a
sexual deviation. If the women have lost her vaginal
muscular tone, it can be a pleasurable alternative.
23
24. Role and guidelines -Evaluate the client’s problems in depth,
translate for, and represent fairly the member of distressed
marital unit of the same sex. The male therapist can provide
much more information relating to male –oriented sexual
function for the wife of the marital unit and female –oriented
function is best expressed by the female therapist, e.g.; it is
difficult to elicit reliable material from sexually dysfunctional
male by the interview of a female therapist.
Dual sex therapy teams-Laboratory experience supports the
concept that a more successful clinical approach to problems of
sexual dysfunction can be made by dual- sex teams of therapists
than by an individual male or female therapist. A dual –sex
therapist team may avoid the disadvantage of interpreting patient
complaint on the basis of male or female bias.
Initial stages sex therapy-Usually therapist allows one hour for
history taking and initial assessment. This information is
necessary for two purposes. 1) To determine the mode of therapy
2) to determine the need of physical examination.
24
25. History taking and assessment -Sex history taking is a
structured one with chronological framework. It
includes life –cycle influences, sexually oriented
attitudes, feeling, expectations, experiences,
environmental changes and practices.
Check list for sexual history taking
Precise nature of the sexual problem
The history of the sexual problem
The nature of the general relationship
Psychiatric history
Medical history
Contraceptive history
Attitudes to the sexual problem and possible treatment
25
26. Sensate focus is a progressive stage exercises
First stage- preferably two sessions –in first session one member
will be the active partner and second session the same member will
be the passive partner. Mutual touching is not encouraged in the
first stage. One member of the couple touches the partner’s body,
but not allowed to touch the genitals or breasts of the passive
partner. The active partner will do what he or she wishes in the way
of touching. But he may not try to guess what the passive partner
would like. The purpose of the touch is not to be erotic. It will
establish an appreciation of touch sensations by both the touching
partner and the partner being touched. In second session, the
couples switch roles. In these two sessions, communication should
minimum and with the exception of the person being touched. This
non-demand, non intercourse sexual pleasuring help the clients
relax and know more about what they find sexy and exciting.
26
27. Second stage- the touching partner is allowed to touch the
breasts and genitals of the partner. The passive partner is
instructed to move the active partner’s hand to those areas
that are most excited when touched. A hand riding technique
can be used. One partner places his or her hand on top of
other’s hand. It may indicate more or less is desired, a faster
or slower pace is desired or the hand should move to another
place. This non-verbal communication will be effective in this
exercise.
Third stage-it involves mutual touching but intercourse and
orgasm are discouraged.
Fourth stage-after several days of sensate focus exercises the
couple gradually assumes to the female- top-position. If the
couple learned the concepts of sensate focus exercise then
intercourse is allowed. Otherwise sensate focus exercises will
continue.
Fifth stage – this successful performance will be generalized
into other positions. This self assurance makes it easy for a
couple to proceed sexual intercourse with fully aroused.
27
28. it stands for permission, limited information,
specific suggestions, and intensive therapy.
Permission involves validating the patient’s
thoughts, emotions and sexual activities. In
limited information therapist gives the
information that they can use to gain a better
understanding of their problem. After that
therapist gives specific suggestions related to
the problem, e.g , sensate focus. In intensive
therapy, the client explores any psychological or
social difficulties that may affect their sexual
life.
28
29. Sexual desire disorders
disorder react to the prospect of sexual interaction
with severe anxiety and may have psychosomatic
reactions including irregular heart beat, dizziness,
and trouble breathing. Therapists first clarify these
issues and choose the appropriate therapeutic
strategy.
Identify the Interpersonal and/or emotional
difficulties that make sex unfulfilling and identify the
performance anxiety.
These people frequently averse to certain sexual
behaviour and should stop participating in those
behaviour that cause distress.
Therapist encourages the couple to avoid intercourse
for a significant time (2months or so) and the couples
can explore other avenues of physical intimacy
without anxiety and fear. This will be a big relief to
the couple and having sex without having
intercourse may actually make the initially
unpleasant activity appears more interesting and 29
30. People with low sexual desire learn to enjoy the pleasures
from masturbation; it may be used as a rehearsal for
interpersonal intimacy. Therapist often gives advice to use
vibrators for self exploratory exercises and gradually they can
enjoy an enhanced sense of sensitivity to physical and
interpersonal sexual stimuli. Sometimes massage offers a
chance to share sexual interaction in a non demand and non
intercouse situation.
Sensate focus technique will help with these patients.
Patients can caress one another while talking about their
feelings and giving their partner gentle suggestions and
encouragement.
Finally the couple can understand that there is no ‘right’ and
‘wrong’ way to share physical intimacy and subsequently
performance anxiety diminishes significantly.
30
31. Therapist must know the client’s sexual value system
Then patient has to discover or acknowledge what they find
sexy. Approach those goals in small steps and will be
rewarding and enjoyable to the client. Sensate focus exercise
will be effective in approaching these goals in a progressive
manner.
Couple begins with caressing or massages not involving
their genitals or women’s breasts.
Progress to genital and breast touching
Eventually engaging in intercourse and couple is encouraged
to enjoy the feeling of the penis being contained in the
woman without any pelvic thrusting. If they have always
been anxious about being a good lover, then it will be a
difficult sexual exercise. It may feel unusual for a man to
enter his partner and then hold it.
Progress to intercourse without orgasm and mutual gentle
pelvic thrusting is recommended. But the couple is informed
that orgasm is not the part of this exercise. These exercises
will give sexual self –confidence and lessen performance
anxiety.
31
32. Anorgasmia
To examine the women’s sexual value system to
determine what she finds sexy and exciting.
Visual or prose erotica or video tapes are used to
stimulate sexual thoughts and feelings and to
develop sexual fantasies.
Encourage to use vibrators to stimulate clitoral
area during the masturbation or intercourse to
increase the intensity, consistency and
controllability of sexual stimulation.
It is important for the client and therapist to learn
to appreciate the nature of the orgasmic
experience based on the words used to describe it.
32
33. Masturbation training as combination of relaxation
techniques and self stimulation homework assignments can
be effective in the treatment of anorgasmia. Studies reveal
that women can more easily and regularly have orgasms
during masturbation than sexual intercourse. Counseling, sex
education, and improved body awareness are also included
in the treatment. Women who had undergone masturbation
training were more likely to have orgasms during sexual
interaction with partner.
Coital alignment technique is an intercourse position with a
slight variation on the man – on –top position and one of the
reasons is that during intercourse clitoris doesn’t receive
much stimulation in most of the common positions. In this
coital alignment technique, partner moves his entire body
forward so that the top of his penis may more directly
stimulate his partner’s clitoris during pelvic thrusts.
33
34. Start – stop technique
This method was first proposed by James Semans in 1956 and popularized
by Masters and Johnson in his book ‘Human Sexual Inadequacy’. It
involves genital stimulation until a man becomes erect, then interruption
during which he begins to lose his erection, and then continued
stimulation with the recurrence of his erection. These exercises teach a
man the feeling associated with building sexual tension, and also he can
lose and quickly regain his erection. This will lead to greater sexual self
confidence and self control.
34
35. Coronal squeeze technique
In this technique, the man lies on his back with leg spread
apart and the man’s pelvis more or less in partner’s lap. After
that she initiates manual genital stimulation until the man
attains a firm, full erection and at that time she grasps penis
in a special way. She will be putting her thumb on the
frenulum (underside of the penis) and her first and second
fingers on both sides of the coronal ridge. She applies firm
pressure for 3 or 4 seconds in his penis. This will lead to an
immediate loss of the desire to ejaculate and temporary
decrease in the firmness of penis. She again manually
stimulates the penis until he obtains a full erection and then
applies the squeeze technique. This will go for prolonged
stimulation of a man’s penis without ejaculation.
35
36. Basilar squeeze technique
The man’s partner or the man himself applies firm
pressure to the base of the penis. The advantage is
that man can easily do it himself and apply pressure
to the base of the penis during intercourse. He will
get more control over the timing of the ejaculation.
36
37. Use the same stimulation techniques until the man attains an
erection and repeating the process a few times. The man can feel the
erection without ejaculating.
Again the woman stimulates his penis until he becomes erect and
this time she assumes the female –on-top position. Gradually
inserting his penis inside her vagina and hold it completely still.
The man can experience the feelings of penile containment without
the immediate desire to ejaculate. This will lead to increase his
feelings of control and confidence.
Most of the men with premature ejaculation still feel a desire to
ejaculate, immediately after the penis entered the vagina. At this
time, he will communicate this to her with words or gesture and
she raises herself and applied squeeze technique. This again
diminishes the desire to ejaculate.
She again inserts the penis into her vagina before penis becomes too
soft. She engages in slow and gentle pelvic thrusting.
Over a number of days, the client begins to feel self confidence and
self control and can generalize to other intercourse positions.
37
38. Find out the man’s sexual value system to
determine what he finds sexy and exciting
Female partner has to stimulate her partner’s
penis manually.
Once he attains an erection then the female
assumes the female –on –top position and insert
his penis into her vagina.
At this time she immediately begins vigorous
pelvic movements. This will be sufficient for
ejaculation.
At the beginning of therapy ejaculation may not
happen and then he should withdraw his penis
and female partner can do the technique again.
Over a number of days, the client begins to feel
self confidence and can generalize to other
intercourse positions. 38
39. Use of surgical lubricant to make
vaginal penetration more comfortable
Assuming female –on- top position that
will help her to control the angle, rate,
and depth of penile penetration.
Careful use of dilators- She may
lubricate with the smallest
circumference and then gradually
inserts into her vagina.
Relaxation exercises and sometimes
hypnosis will help the client
Vaginismus is often associated with a
history of sexual abuse or assault and
more focused psychological therapies
are needed.
39
40. Psychodynamic approaches to therapy for paraphilias-
Freud believed that neurotic patients repress their
unconscious conflicts and that lead to paraphilic behaviors.
Therapist can uncover those conflicts. Psycho-dynamic based
group therapy will be effective in paraphilic treatment.
Cognitive – behavioral approaches to therapy for the
paraphilias
Self –control techniques
People can acquire will-power and self control when they are
reinforced for desired behaviour. Techniques called ‘thought
–shifting’ and ‘thought- stopping’ can be very effective in an
individuals attempt to distract him- or herself when engaged
in deviant thoughts, fantasies, and urges. These are willful
strategies in which an individual practices deliberately
changing the focus of their thoughts or stopping them
altogether.
40
41. Stress management
If the person can be taught techniques to control,
minimize, and eliminate stressors, ultimately they will
successful in refraining from becoming obsessed with
deviant thoughts. These techniques can be used to help
people assess the reality of ideas and threats that in fact
may be entirely irrational. Many cases the clients are
taught relaxation techniques that allow them to remain
calm and focused when they feel stressed by
provocative environmental stimuli. Stress management
techniques must be both emotion focused and problem
focused.
Cognitive restructuring
Therapist can help their clients to identify rational and
distorted thought patterns and eliminate these counter
productive mental habits. After cognitive restructuring
the client may diminish the significance of their
behaviors.
41
42. Social rehabilitative techniques
Clients may receive systematic
instruction in learning to better assess the
impact of their emotions and actions on
others. The paraphilics need to learn
better skills concerning sexual
communication and various socially
acceptable ways of initiating and
maintaining intimate relationships with
an appropriate partner. The client may
be asked to model or role play different
scenarios that have in the past
precipitated erotic thoughts and
fantasies.
Sex education
It is noted that parphilics have very little
knowledge about human sexuality and
human sexual arousal and response. This
may be a major contributing factor in the
development and expression of the
deviant sexual behaviour.
42
43. Aversive techniques for treating paraphilias-researchers
attempted to treat sexual deviations through the use of
electrical shock paired with pictures depicting paraphilic
behaviors. The result of this study revealed that aversive
conditioning procedure was relatively ineffective in
diminishing sexual arousal.
Biological/ medical approaches to the treatment of
paraphilias –Some researchers believe that paraphilias are
best understood as an obsessive –compulsive continuum.
One such investigation (Kruesi et al, 1992) studied the effects
of antidepressant agents on the intrusive nature of paraphilic
thoughts, fantasies and urges. Subjects received daily doses
of antidepressants - clomipramine and desipramine - that
have been effective in the treatment of obsessive compulsive
disorder and seemed to diminish the severity of paraphilic
preoccupations when compared with the pre-treatment
reports.
43
44. Dhat – it is a folk diagnostic term used in India to refer to
severe anxiety and hypochondriacal concern associated with
the discharge of semen, whitish discoloration of urine, and
feelings of weakness and exhaustion.
Koro - this refers to an episode of sudden and intense anxiety
that the penis (in women the vulva and nipples) will recede
into the body and possibly cause death. This is reported in
South and East Asia.
Management-emphatic listening, non confrontational
approach, reassurance and correction of erroneous beliefs,
along with the use of placebo, anti -anxiety and anti
depressant drugs will be effective in the treatment of dhat
syndrome. Psycho education, sex education, relaxation
techniques including biofeedback and culturally informed
cognitive behavior therapy are also included in the
management of culture bound syndromes.
44
45. We are surrounded by sexuality.
It is an inevitable factor in human
life and a major component in
couple relationship. But many
people are suffering from sexual
dysfunctions and other sexual
problems. There are several
methods to tackle the hurdles.
Professional approach of a
therapist and co operation of
clients – these are determining
factors of the success of sexual
therapies. Otherwise sex is not
so sexy anymore.
45
46. 46
“sex is a complete
therapy in itself when
done in the right
sense”
THANK YOU