The new 7 wonders of the world are-
Taj Mahal, India
Great wall of China, China
Petra, Jordan
Chichén Itza, Mexico
Christ the Redeemer Statue, Brazil
Colosseum, Italy
Machu Picchu, Peru
This presentation is a great representation of Incredible India. We have tried to showcase the different tourist places of India. Apart from these attractions there are many more wonderful places in India which are worth visiting. Hope you like the presentation and visit the beautiful places in India.
This presentation is a great representation of Incredible India. We have tried to showcase the different tourist places of India. Apart from these attractions there are many more wonderful places in India which are worth visiting. Hope you like the presentation and visit the beautiful places in India.
The seven wonders of the world have been compiled from antiquity to the present day, to catalog the worlds most spectacular natural wonder and man made structures .
The seven wonders of the world are impressive monuments regarded with awe and wonder. The New 7 Wonders Foundation in in Switzerland received around 200 entries from across the world,and it finally short-listed twenty one finalists . In 2007, the final list of the seven modern wonders were announced in Lisbon, Portugal.
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS OF SYPHILIS-A reviewishita1994
Syphilis is an infectious disease of most extreme significance these days, which has made a rebound after the presence of AIDS.
It might introduce oral lesions in all stages.
A sharp information on its different oral signs is significant for appropriate determination and satisfactory treatment.
Infective syphilis is brought about by the anaerobic filamentous spirochete, Treponema pallidum.
Previously decade there has been a noteworthy ascent in the prevalence of infective syphilis in the created world.
Striking increments in the recurrence of syphilis have happened in Eastern Europe, and more modest ascents have been accounted for in Western Europe and the US.
Paget’s disease of bone with special reference to dentistry-an insightishita1994
Bone is a dynamic tissue that is constantly renewed. The cell populations that participate in this process; the osteoblasts and osteoclast are derived from different progenitor pools that are under distinct molecular control mechanisms. Together, these cells form temporary anatomical structures, called as basic multicellular units that execute bone remodeling. A number of stimuli affect bone turnover, including hormones, cytokines, and mechanical stimuli. All of these factors affect the amount and quality of the tissue produced. Paget’s disease is a bone disorder characterized by excessive and abnormal remodeling of the bone, resulting in distortion and weakness of affected bones. It is the second‑most common osteo dystrophic condition after osteoporosis.
Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Mucormycosisishita1994
Mucormycosis is an angioinvasive fungal infection due to fungi of the order Mucorales.
Depending on the clinical presentation it is classified as rhinocerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, disseminated or other, which includes uncommon rare forms, such as endocarditis, osteomyelitis, peritonitis, renal, etc.
The disease was first described in 1876 when Fürbinger described in Germany a patient who died of cancer and in whom the right lung showed a hemorrhagic infarct with fungal hyphae and a few sporangia.
In 1885, Arnold Paltauf published the first case of disseminated mucormycosis, which he named “Mycosis mucorina”.
His drawings of the etiologic agent showed the presence of sporangiophores and rhizoid-like structures, and this led to the conclusion that the infection was most probably caused by Lichtheimia corymbifera.
Over time, more cases were diagnosed, and the incidence of the disease has increased.
Currently, Mucorales fungi are the next most common mold pathogens after Aspergillus, leading to invasive fungal disease in patients with malignancies or transplantation.
The incidence of mucormycosis has also increased significantly inpatients with diabetes, which is the commonest underlying risk factor globally.
Τhe epidemiology of mucormycosis is evolving as new immunomodulating agents are used in the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases, and as the modern diagnostic tools lead to the identification of previously uncommon genera/species such as the Apophysomyces or Saksenaea complex.
Oral cancer is the world’s 6th most common malignancy and has one of the lowest survival rates, often due to late diagnosis. The most important determinant factor in cancer survival is diagnostic delay and it directly affects the survival rate.
Most oral cancers are preceded by precancerous lesions and early cancers that can be identified by visual inspection of the oral cavity. Conventional oral examination is useful in the discovery of some oral lesions, but it does not identify all potentially premalignant lesions, as some are not readily apparent to visual inspection alone.
Adjunctive techniques have emerged that may facilitate early detection of oral premalignant and malignant lesions. Thorough clinical examinations being one of the best modalities in suspecting the pathology, the biggest disadvantage in the diagnosis lies in detecting the site of biopsy and also whether biopsy is required or not in early lesions.
Nowadays various diagnostic aids have been established in detecting such lesions but easy chair-side techniques can be used if possible. And one such technique is by using vital staining with dyes which is used for early recognition of lesion and also can improve the patient survival rate.
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PERIPHERAL OSSIFYING FIBROMA IN A SERIES OF 4...ishita1994
Peripheral ossifying fibromas are benign mesenchymal lesions that usually arise in the anterior maxilla of young female patients. Histologically they consist of spindle cell proliferation with focal mineralization. We reviewed 48 specimens from 41 patients and recorded the clinical data, sex, and age of the patients, site, and size of the lesions, treatment, and postoperative outcome. Histologically the presence of mature, woven bone, cementum, and calcifications was evaluated and evaluated immunohistochemically. Lesions were more frequent in female patients in the third and fourth decade and were usually in the lower maxilla and smaller than 2 cm. All lesions were conservatively excised, and they relapsed in eight patients. Histopathologically, the lesions were poorly circumscribed, with moderately cellular proliferation, and with no discernible architectural pattern. All tumors showed some degree of mineralization, the presence of immature bone being the most common. Immunohistochemical examination showed staining of tumoral cells for smooth muscle actin and CD68. Lesions tended to occur more commonly in female patients, but one decade later than usually reported. We found a higher recurrence rate in lesions that contained cementum-like material but without bone formation, suggesting a lack of maturation in this group. Immunohistochemical results were consistent with myofibroblastic differentiation but they added no information about the behavior of the lesions.
Pathophysiology of myoepithelial cells in salivary glandsishita1994
In salivary glands and other exocrine glands, there are
star‑shaped cells lying between the basal lamina and the acinar
and ductal cells. These cells structurally resemble epithelial cells
and smooth muscles and, thus, are referred to as myoepithelial
cells (MECs). Because of their shape and interwoven processes,
they were commonly referred to as “star‑shaped cells” or
“basket cells.” Tamarin described these cells as being “like an
octopus sitting on a rock”.
Current concepts of pemphigus with a deep insight into its molecular aspectishita1994
Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune bullous disease involving both the skin and mucosal areas, which
is characterized by intraepithelial flaccid blisters and erosions. The pathogenesis of this disease is not
yet completely established, but novel intuitions into its pathogenesis have recently been published. An
unanswered question in its pathophysiology is the mechanism of acantholysis or loss of keratinocyte
cell adhesion. Acantholysis seems to result from a communal action of autoantibodies against numerous
keratinocyte self‑antigens, of which desmogleins 1 and 3, desmocollins and nondesmosome components,
such as the mitochondrion, might take part in the disease initiation. Lately, apoptosis was described as
a possible underlying mechanism of acantholysis. Likewise, apoptolysis is assumed to be the association
between suprabasal acantholytic and cell death pathways. Hence, the present review focuses on the current
concepts in the pathogenesis of the pemphigus in a nutshell.
Cytoskeleton of a cell is made up of microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments. Keratins are diverse proteins. These intermediate filaments maintain the structural integrity of the keratinocytes. The word keratin covers these intermediate filament-forming proteins within the keratinocytes. They are expressed in a specific pattern and according to the stage of cellular differentiation. They always occur in pairs. Mutations in the genes which regulate the expression of keratin proteins are associated with a number of disorders which show defects in both skin and mucosa. In addition, there are a number of disorders which are seen because of abnormal keratinization. These keratins and keratin-associated proteins have become important markers in diagnostic pathology. This review article discusses the classification, structure, functions, the stains used for the demonstration of keratin and associated pathology. The review describes the physiology of keratinization, pathology behind abnormal keratin formation and various keratin disorders.
Romanowsky staining or Romanowsky–Giemsa staining, is a prototypical staining technique, widely used in hematology and cytopathology.
They are used to differentiate cells for microscopic examination in air dried cytological smears or pathological specimens, especially blood and bone marrow films, and to detect parasites such as malaria within the blood.
Romanowsky stains is a neutral dye containing both acid and basic dyes in combination. It contains both azure B (electron acceptor) and eosin Y (electron donor).
The value of Romanowsky staining lies in its ability to produce a wide range of hues, allowing cellular components to be easily differentiated. This phenomenon is referred to as the Romanowsky effect, or more generally as metachromasia.
These stains allow better estimation of cell size, nuclear size, cell cytoplasm and identify ground substances by metachromasia.
The tissue section is colourless because the fixed protein has the same refractive index as that of glass. We use dyes that have specific affinity with the different tissue proteins and colour them differently.
Colour is seen by the eye as a result of the effect of certain electromagnetic waves on the rods and cones of the retina. These waves, which have a varying length, will determine the colour that is seen.
White light being composed of all the colours of the visible spectrum varies in wavelength from 4,000 Â to 8,000 Â.
If light of a specific wavelength is absorbed from white light the resultant light will then be coloured, the colour being dependent upon the particular wavelength that has been removed.
Ghost cells are translucent balloon shaped , elliptical epithelial cells are recognized as swollen, pale, eosinophilic cells.
They are seen either singly or in sheets with a clear conservation of basic cellular outline, generally with apparent clear areas or with some remnants indicative of the site previously occupied by the nucleus.
The transformation of epithelial cells into more resistant terminally differentiated apoptotic cells i.e., ghost cells are responsible for the banal behavior of neoplasms and they also help in relieving the stress of the forming neoplasm.
The most accepted nature of ghost cells is aberrant keratinization that is altered form of keratin as it doesn’t stain with normal cytokeratin antibodies.
Tonofilaments have been observed universally in the ghost cells of all the odontogenic or non-odontogenic tumors but these solely don’t satisfy their nature which is also found to be positive for enamel proteins in odontogenic tumors.
Although, studies prove an intricate functional relationship exists between Wnt and Notch signalling during development of neoplasms and in assigning cells to particular fates.
Their relationship along with other signalling pathways complex interaction during tumorigenesis also needs intensive evaluation and this would help revealing the missing link between odontogenic and non-odontogenic tumors exhibiting these similar looking mysterious ghost cells.
Mineralization (calcification) is the process of deposition of insoluble calcium salts in a tissue. It is one of the important steps in the formation of hard tissues of the body that is enamel, dentin, bone, and cementum. The synthetic cells, along with the help of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase, aid the mineralization process. The mineral content (inorganic portion) of all the hard tissues of the body is mainly in the form of Calcium hydroxyapatite crystals, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2.
When calcium phosphate deposition is initiated, the crux is then to control spontaneous precipitation from tissue fluids supersaturated in calcium and phosphate ions and to limit it to well-defined sites. Formative cells achieve this by creating microenvironments that facilitate mineral ion handling and by secreting proteins that stabilize calcium and phosphate ions in body fluids and/or control their deposition onto a receptive extracellular matrix.
The synthetic cells achieve this property by secreting proteins that stabilize Calcium and Phosphate in the body fluids and control their deposition onto the extracellular matrix. These proteins are:
1. Salivary proteins
2. Enamel matrix protein
3. Dentin, cementum, and bone matrix proteins.
Histologically, the lesion shows a highly vascular proliferation that resembles granulation tissue.
Numerous small and larger endothelium-lined channels are formed that are engorged with red blood cells. These vessels sometimes are organized in lobular aggregates, and may be called as lobular capillary haemangioma.
The surface is usually ulcerated and replaced by a thick fibrinopurulent membrane.
A mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate of neutrophils, plasma cells, and lymphocytes is evident.
Neutrophils are most prevalent near the ulcerated surface; chronic inflammatory cells are found deeper in the specimen.
It is also called Oral Fibroma or Irritational Fibroma or Focal Fibrous Hyperplasia.
Fibroma is a benign neoplasm of fibrous connective tissue origin.
It is characterized by excessive proliferation of fibroblast cells with synthesis of large amount of collagen.
Although a large number of fibrous over-growths are found inside the oral cavity, most of these are reactive lesions occurring as a result of trauma or local irritation and therefore true fibromas are extremely rare.
Jain G et al (2017) stated that traumatic irritants include calculi, foreign bodies, overhanging margins, restorations, margins of caries, chronic biting, sharp spicules of bones, and overextended borders of appliances. Fibroma, a benign neoplasm of fibroblastic origin, is reactive in nature and represents a reactive hyperplasia of fibrous connective tissue in response to local irritation or trauma rather than being a true neoplasm.
8 th edition TNM classification and significance of depth of invasionishita1994
Diagnosis of oral cancer is completed for:
Initial diagnosis
Staging
Treatment planning
A complete history, and clinical examination is first completed, then a wedge of tissue is cut from the suspicious lesion for tissue diagnosis. In this procedure, the surgeon cuts all, or a piece of the tissue, to have it examined under a microscope by a pathologist.
Leukoplakia can be defined as a “white patch” or “plaque” in the oral cavity, which cannot be scrapped off and which cannot be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease.
This excludes lesions such as lichen planus, candidiasis, leukoedema, white spongy nevus, and obvious frictional keratosis.
The term leukoplakia should be used to recognise white plaques of questionable risk having excluded (other) known diseases or disorders that carry no risk for cancer-WHO 2005.
Mandibular central incisors are two in number
Mandibular central incisor and lateral are similar in anatomy and complement each other in function
They are smaller than the maxillary central incisors
Mandibular central incisor erupts between the age of 7 and 8 years
First tooth from the midline in each lower quadrant
Depth of invasion in oral squamous cell carcinomaishita1994
It is the most common malignant epithelial tissue neoplasm of the oral cavity.
It is derived from the stratified squamous epithelium.
Since oral squamous cell carcinomas constitute bulk of the oral malignancies (above 90 %) it is thus commonly referred to as Oral Cancer.
Tuberculosis is a disease characterized by granulomatous lesions caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. A German scientist Robert Koch discovered the causative organism of TB in 1882.
Since time immemorial, it has been a global health problem. TB has shown a decline in its prevalence globally; however, it is still highly prevalent in Asian countries.
TB is usually overlooked in the differential diagnosis of oral lesions as it is supposed to be a rare entity.
Oral manifestations of TB occur either due to infected sputum or due to hematogenous spread.
TB is an age old disease and has been known to mankind for thousands of years.
Role of human papillomavirus and tumor suppressor genesishita1994
Oral cancer is synonymous to Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of oral mucosal origin that accounts for more than 90% of all malignant presentations at the aforementioned anatomical sites.
More than 300,000 new cases worldwide are being diagnosed with oral SCC (OSCC) annually.
Approximately, 30,000 (US) & 40,000(EUROPE).
Oral cancer is estimated by the WHO to be the 8th most common cancer worldwide.
In India & other Asian countries, oral & oropharyngeal carcinomas (OCs) comprise up to half of all malignancies, with this particularly high prevalence being attributed to the influence of carcinogens & region-specific epidemiological factors, especially tobacco & betel quid chewing.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2. The new 7 wonders of the world are-
1. Taj Mahal, India
2. Great wall of China, China
3. Petra, Jordan
4. Chichén Itza, Mexico
5. Christ the Redeemer Statue, Brazil
6. Colosseum, Italy
7. Machu Picchu, Peru
3. This 42-acre marble mausoleum complex located in Agra is a stunning
and well-known Indian landmark. Shah Jahan, the fifth Mughal (or
Mogul) Emperor, built it as a memorial to his deceased wife Mumtaz
Mahal, who died during childbirth. Construction, which started
shortly after Mahal’s passing in 1631, spanned more than two decades.
It required more than 20,000 laborers and cost several million rupees.
4.
5. OK, we’ve all heard the claim that the Great Wall of China is the only man-made
object visible from space. But it just isn’t true. According to NASA, not only is the
wall not clearly visible from low Earth orbit, other man-made things are. The space
myth aside, the Great Wall of China is definitely a modern marvel and rightfully
belongs amid the other seven wonders. Contrary to popular belief, the wall isn’t one
continuous structure. It’s actually made up of several separate structures that
connect and branch out here and there. Including the branches, it covers
approximately 4,500miles.
6.
7. Located in southwest Jordan are the ruins of the ancient city of Petra.
Massive temples, tombs and monuments have been cut into the
surrounding sandstone cliffs. Petra, which is Greek for “rock,” is also
known as “the city in the rock.” Perhaps the most impressive Petra
structure is the Sik al-Khazneh, also known as the Treasury. It is an
elaborately carved and embellished tomb. Besides the decorative tomb
facades and monuments, Petra is also known for its highly organized
water system, which included ceramic pipes, intricate water channels and
cisterns.
8.
9. The ancient city of Chichén Itza (pronounced chee-chehn eet-sah) is
located on the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico. This well-known Mayan city
served as a religious, political and economic center spanning several
hundred years. The Pyramid of Kulkulkán — also known as El Castillo
— is probably the most recognized ruin of Chichén Itza. This step
pyramid stands approximately 80 feet high. It has nine terraces and four
sets of stairs. Each staircase has 91 steps. If you include the top platform as
a step, then the pyramid has a total of 365 steps – one for each day of the
year!
10.
11. This statue of Jesus is one of Rio de Janiero’s most widely recognized monuments.
It stands 98.5 feet tall atop the summit of Mount Corcovado, which itself rises
more than 2,300 feet high. With a hug-like wingspan of 92 feet, the statue seems
to both beckon and welcome local residents and visitors alike. It weighs
approximately 700 tons and is made of concrete and soapstone. To see the statue
up close, you can ride a cogwheel steam engine train up the steep 2.3-mile slope.
Reset up on the ride because at rail’s end you have more than 200 steps to climb
to get to the foot of the statue
12.
13. If you’ve seen the movie “Gladiator,” then you’ve seen the Colosseum –
well, a CGI-enhanced version of it anyway. Built in Rome sometime
around AD 70, it was the first freestanding amphitheater. Others in that
era were dug out and built into the sides of hills or mountains to provide
stability. Gladiator contests, group combats, battle reenactments, and
other productions were held there to an audience of nearly 50,000.
Today, even after some renovations in the 1990s, the wear and tear from
poor weather, natural disaster and vandalism show. Nonetheless, visitors
flock to this amazing sight daily.
14.
15. If Petra is the city in the rock, then Machu Picchu is the city in the clouds.
Built in the 15th century, this ancient Incan city is nestled between two
peaks – Machu Picchu (Old Peak) and Huayna Picchu (New Peak) at an
amazing elevation of 7,710 feet. It is often (mistakenly) called the lost city
of the Incas, because it was hidden amidst the lush forest and clouds for
more than three centuries. Yale professor Hiram Bingham rediscovered
the city in 1911. Since then, excavation research suggests that the city was
home to about 1,200 residents at its peak. Today, it is a key tourist
attraction.