This document outlines an introductory accounting session that covers key terms, objectives, business types, and structures. The 2-hour session is divided into activities to explain accounting concepts through a scenario about a man starting a vegetable business. Key topics covered include common accounting terms, the basic objectives of accounting like maintaining records and determining profitability, different types of businesses and structures like sole proprietorships and partnerships.
This document discusses the challenges facing Europe and the potential for a socio-ecological transition. It outlines several problems Europe faces like youth unemployment, an aging population, and competitiveness issues. It also discusses global challenges like resource scarcity, climate change, and economic shifts. The document argues research, innovation, and intangible assets can help drive a transition to a greener economy. It suggests Europeans embrace new values like sustainability, access over ownership, and balance between science and society. Overall the document calls for Europe to move from a consumption focused society to a circular economy with more emphasis on preserving resources.
Young adults and teenagers aged 15-24 account for 34.1% of film consumption in the UK. Males generally prefer thrillers, action, and comedies while females enjoy a broader range of genres like musicals. Black and minority ethnic groups are over-represented in cinema ticket and video purchases, indicating films should be distributed with specific ethnic groups in mind. Video and DVD sales remain popular methods of consuming films in the UK, though television remains the most popular platform for viewing films in terms of number of viewings.
Este documento describe varias infecciones palpebrales comunes, incluyendo blefaritis (inflamación de los bordes palpebrales), meibomitis (inflamación de las glándulas de meibomio), virus del herpes simple y zóster, molusco contagioso, demodicosis, pitiriasis y lepra. Proporciona detalles sobre los síntomas, diagnóstico y tratamiento de cada una.
The Twelfth International Congress of Qualitative InquiryJ C
This document summarizes a study that explored how international graduate students at two U.S. universities understand and perceive plagiarism. The study interviewed 8 students from 5 countries. It found that students' prior cultural experiences and limited training at their universities contributed to misunderstandings about plagiarism. While students recognized consequences like failure, many were unaware of policies or definitions. The study suggests universities provide more ongoing education to help international students avoid plagiarism unintentionally due to language barriers or cultural differences in academic practices.
Todorov theorized that narratives follow an equilibrium-disequilibrium-new equilibrium structure. Propp identified 31 narrative features and 7 character types that commonly appear in stories, including the villain, donor, helper, princess, false hero, dispatcher, and hero. Strauss proposed that conflict drives narratives and they can only end once conflict is resolved, often using binary opposites to create more conflict. Barthes referred to the "enigma code" where clues are given in stories without resolving the overall story, keeping the audience engaged.
This document discusses the challenges facing Europe and the potential for a socio-ecological transition. It outlines several problems Europe faces like youth unemployment, an aging population, and competitiveness issues. It also discusses global challenges like resource scarcity, climate change, and economic shifts. The document argues research, innovation, and intangible assets can help drive a transition to a greener economy. It suggests Europeans embrace new values like sustainability, access over ownership, and balance between science and society. Overall the document calls for Europe to move from a consumption focused society to a circular economy with more emphasis on preserving resources.
Young adults and teenagers aged 15-24 account for 34.1% of film consumption in the UK. Males generally prefer thrillers, action, and comedies while females enjoy a broader range of genres like musicals. Black and minority ethnic groups are over-represented in cinema ticket and video purchases, indicating films should be distributed with specific ethnic groups in mind. Video and DVD sales remain popular methods of consuming films in the UK, though television remains the most popular platform for viewing films in terms of number of viewings.
Este documento describe varias infecciones palpebrales comunes, incluyendo blefaritis (inflamación de los bordes palpebrales), meibomitis (inflamación de las glándulas de meibomio), virus del herpes simple y zóster, molusco contagioso, demodicosis, pitiriasis y lepra. Proporciona detalles sobre los síntomas, diagnóstico y tratamiento de cada una.
The Twelfth International Congress of Qualitative InquiryJ C
This document summarizes a study that explored how international graduate students at two U.S. universities understand and perceive plagiarism. The study interviewed 8 students from 5 countries. It found that students' prior cultural experiences and limited training at their universities contributed to misunderstandings about plagiarism. While students recognized consequences like failure, many were unaware of policies or definitions. The study suggests universities provide more ongoing education to help international students avoid plagiarism unintentionally due to language barriers or cultural differences in academic practices.
Todorov theorized that narratives follow an equilibrium-disequilibrium-new equilibrium structure. Propp identified 31 narrative features and 7 character types that commonly appear in stories, including the villain, donor, helper, princess, false hero, dispatcher, and hero. Strauss proposed that conflict drives narratives and they can only end once conflict is resolved, often using binary opposites to create more conflict. Barthes referred to the "enigma code" where clues are given in stories without resolving the overall story, keeping the audience engaged.
This document provides demographic data for 51 villages in Nepal, including the village name, average household size, total population, number of households, and total population by gender. It also includes the same data for 32 additional villages. The data shows the household size, population, and gender breakdown for 83 villages in Nepal.
We have a Plot available for sale in Gota, a fast developing area of Ahmedabad. Gota recently has received a lot of attention from end users and surprisingly as many as 70 residential projects are under construction. Yes, Sales is also going at good speed.
Ladybugz Interactive takes a different approach to online and content marketing. Creating quality content is key, making social media personal to your brand and not an automated task to check off the list. It is important to connect with your customers and create customers for the future with engagement and brand awareness. We help companies create quality unique content and strategies to build loyal social followers and future customers.
The group worked well together to complete the preliminary task on time. They filmed from various angles but some shots were shaky and had to be refilmed. They used Premiere Pro to edit the shots together smoothly. Sound quality needed improvement as the camera picked up background noise that could not be eliminated in editing. Overall, the group was pleased with their first attempt and will focus on improving sound quality in future tasks.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against developing mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
Anekdot singkat tentang murid bernama Abdul yang terlambat masuk sekolah namun memberikan tanggapan bijak kepada gurunya bahwa tidak ada kata terlambat untuk menimba ilmu.
Basic information about book keeping and accounting part 1 is provided. You will understanding about what is book keeping and accounting and how book keeping and accounting work. all basic accounting terminologies are provided. Plus accounting principles and concepts and conventions are detailly given. You will get information regards to Double entry book keeping system and preparation of journal, subsidiary books and ledger accounts.
This document defines key accounting terms and concepts. It discusses the different types of businesses (manufacturing, trading, servicing, hybrid), business organizations (sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation), and the basic accounting equation (assets = liabilities + equity). It also explains double-entry bookkeeping, common accounts (assets, liabilities, equity, revenue, expenses), accounting journals, and accounting transactions.
This document provides an overview of key accounting concepts and principles including:
- Accounting measures and communicates financial information as the language of business. It has internal and external users.
- There are three main fields: management, financial, and public sector accounting. Standards are set by groups like FASB, SEC, and AICPA.
- Business organizations can be proprietorships, partnerships, or corporations, each with advantages and disadvantages.
- Key concepts include the accounting equation, GAAP, revenues/expenses, and preparing financial statements like the income statement, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows to evaluate business performance.
Unit 4 Business Ownership & Operations Notescelsesser
The document discusses different types of businesses and their functions. It identifies five types of businesses: producers, processors, manufacturers, intermediaries/wholesalers, and retailers/service businesses. It also outlines five key business functions: production and procurement, marketing, management, finance, and accounting. An example is given of how the different functional areas can both depend on and conflict with each other as businesses work to meet their goals.
1) The document discusses key accounting concepts and principles including the business entity concept, money measurement concept, going concern concept, accounting period concept, cost concept, and dual aspect/revenue realization concepts.
2) It explains how these concepts form the basis for recording business transactions and preparing financial statements according to standard accounting practices.
3) Specific examples are provided to illustrate how each concept is applied, such as showing capital investment as a liability to the owner, expensing fixed assets over their useful life, and recognizing revenue only when realized through cash receipt or a receivable.
This document provides an overview of basic accounting concepts and terms:
1) Accounting is defined as the process of recording, reporting, and interpreting financial information pertaining to an organization. It involves recording transactions, classifying them, and summarizing results to provide financial information to various users.
2) Bookkeeping is the process of recording accounting data and is a key part of accounting. Accounting also involves interpreting and communicating summarized financial information.
3) Key accounting terms are defined, including transactions, assets, liabilities, capital, revenue, expenses, and the accounting equation. The accounting equation expresses that assets equal liabilities plus owner's equity.
There are three main forms of business ownership: sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. Sole proprietorships are owned by one person and have unlimited liability but are easy to start. Partnerships are owned by multiple people who share risks, rewards, and unlimited liability. Corporations are owned by shareholders, have limited liability, but more legal requirements. Other options include franchises, cooperatives, and nonprofits. Businesses can also be classified by their activities such as producers, processors, manufacturers, distributors, wholesalers, retailers, and service providers.
There are three main forms of business ownership: sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. Sole proprietorships are owned by one person and have unlimited liability but are easy to start. Partnerships are owned by multiple people who share risks and rewards but also have unlimited liability. Corporations are owned by shareholders, have limited liability, but are more complex to start and regulate. Other forms include franchises, cooperatives, and nonprofits. Businesses can also be classified by their activities such as producers, processors, manufacturers, distributors, and service providers.
This document discusses accounting concepts and procedures. It defines accounting as recording, analyzing, interpreting, reporting, and communicating financial transactions. It discusses the key steps in accounting such as identification, collection, recording, classifying, analysis, and interpretation of financial data. The document also outlines the objectives and uses of accounting information for internal and external users like owners, managers, investors, lenders, suppliers and governments. It explains traditional accounting practices and concepts like the double-entry system and how accounting provides complete records, determines profits and losses, and reports financial position.
The document provides an overview of an introductory financial accounting lecture. It discusses key accounting concepts such as the three questions every business asks about money in, money out, and money left. It also covers the importance of accounting in identifying, recording, and communicating relevant and reliable information about a business's activities to both internal and external users. Finally, it provides examples of accounting transactions and how to analyze them to prepare basic financial statements including the income statement, statement of retained earnings, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows.
The accounting firm proposes changing TEC's fuel inventory accounting to LIFO and writing off $20,000 of obsolete computer equipment. These changes could cause TEC to violate terms of its bank loan by lowering its return on assets below 5% or increasing its liabilities to surplus ratio above 200%. The memorandum suggests arguments the organization could make to the bank, such as the long-term accuracy of LIFO, to avoid defaulting on the loan due to the accounting changes.
This document provides demographic data for 51 villages in Nepal, including the village name, average household size, total population, number of households, and total population by gender. It also includes the same data for 32 additional villages. The data shows the household size, population, and gender breakdown for 83 villages in Nepal.
We have a Plot available for sale in Gota, a fast developing area of Ahmedabad. Gota recently has received a lot of attention from end users and surprisingly as many as 70 residential projects are under construction. Yes, Sales is also going at good speed.
Ladybugz Interactive takes a different approach to online and content marketing. Creating quality content is key, making social media personal to your brand and not an automated task to check off the list. It is important to connect with your customers and create customers for the future with engagement and brand awareness. We help companies create quality unique content and strategies to build loyal social followers and future customers.
The group worked well together to complete the preliminary task on time. They filmed from various angles but some shots were shaky and had to be refilmed. They used Premiere Pro to edit the shots together smoothly. Sound quality needed improvement as the camera picked up background noise that could not be eliminated in editing. Overall, the group was pleased with their first attempt and will focus on improving sound quality in future tasks.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against developing mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
Anekdot singkat tentang murid bernama Abdul yang terlambat masuk sekolah namun memberikan tanggapan bijak kepada gurunya bahwa tidak ada kata terlambat untuk menimba ilmu.
Basic information about book keeping and accounting part 1 is provided. You will understanding about what is book keeping and accounting and how book keeping and accounting work. all basic accounting terminologies are provided. Plus accounting principles and concepts and conventions are detailly given. You will get information regards to Double entry book keeping system and preparation of journal, subsidiary books and ledger accounts.
This document defines key accounting terms and concepts. It discusses the different types of businesses (manufacturing, trading, servicing, hybrid), business organizations (sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation), and the basic accounting equation (assets = liabilities + equity). It also explains double-entry bookkeeping, common accounts (assets, liabilities, equity, revenue, expenses), accounting journals, and accounting transactions.
This document provides an overview of key accounting concepts and principles including:
- Accounting measures and communicates financial information as the language of business. It has internal and external users.
- There are three main fields: management, financial, and public sector accounting. Standards are set by groups like FASB, SEC, and AICPA.
- Business organizations can be proprietorships, partnerships, or corporations, each with advantages and disadvantages.
- Key concepts include the accounting equation, GAAP, revenues/expenses, and preparing financial statements like the income statement, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows to evaluate business performance.
Unit 4 Business Ownership & Operations Notescelsesser
The document discusses different types of businesses and their functions. It identifies five types of businesses: producers, processors, manufacturers, intermediaries/wholesalers, and retailers/service businesses. It also outlines five key business functions: production and procurement, marketing, management, finance, and accounting. An example is given of how the different functional areas can both depend on and conflict with each other as businesses work to meet their goals.
1) The document discusses key accounting concepts and principles including the business entity concept, money measurement concept, going concern concept, accounting period concept, cost concept, and dual aspect/revenue realization concepts.
2) It explains how these concepts form the basis for recording business transactions and preparing financial statements according to standard accounting practices.
3) Specific examples are provided to illustrate how each concept is applied, such as showing capital investment as a liability to the owner, expensing fixed assets over their useful life, and recognizing revenue only when realized through cash receipt or a receivable.
This document provides an overview of basic accounting concepts and terms:
1) Accounting is defined as the process of recording, reporting, and interpreting financial information pertaining to an organization. It involves recording transactions, classifying them, and summarizing results to provide financial information to various users.
2) Bookkeeping is the process of recording accounting data and is a key part of accounting. Accounting also involves interpreting and communicating summarized financial information.
3) Key accounting terms are defined, including transactions, assets, liabilities, capital, revenue, expenses, and the accounting equation. The accounting equation expresses that assets equal liabilities plus owner's equity.
There are three main forms of business ownership: sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. Sole proprietorships are owned by one person and have unlimited liability but are easy to start. Partnerships are owned by multiple people who share risks, rewards, and unlimited liability. Corporations are owned by shareholders, have limited liability, but more legal requirements. Other options include franchises, cooperatives, and nonprofits. Businesses can also be classified by their activities such as producers, processors, manufacturers, distributors, wholesalers, retailers, and service providers.
There are three main forms of business ownership: sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. Sole proprietorships are owned by one person and have unlimited liability but are easy to start. Partnerships are owned by multiple people who share risks and rewards but also have unlimited liability. Corporations are owned by shareholders, have limited liability, but are more complex to start and regulate. Other forms include franchises, cooperatives, and nonprofits. Businesses can also be classified by their activities such as producers, processors, manufacturers, distributors, and service providers.
This document discusses accounting concepts and procedures. It defines accounting as recording, analyzing, interpreting, reporting, and communicating financial transactions. It discusses the key steps in accounting such as identification, collection, recording, classifying, analysis, and interpretation of financial data. The document also outlines the objectives and uses of accounting information for internal and external users like owners, managers, investors, lenders, suppliers and governments. It explains traditional accounting practices and concepts like the double-entry system and how accounting provides complete records, determines profits and losses, and reports financial position.
The document provides an overview of an introductory financial accounting lecture. It discusses key accounting concepts such as the three questions every business asks about money in, money out, and money left. It also covers the importance of accounting in identifying, recording, and communicating relevant and reliable information about a business's activities to both internal and external users. Finally, it provides examples of accounting transactions and how to analyze them to prepare basic financial statements including the income statement, statement of retained earnings, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows.
The accounting firm proposes changing TEC's fuel inventory accounting to LIFO and writing off $20,000 of obsolete computer equipment. These changes could cause TEC to violate terms of its bank loan by lowering its return on assets below 5% or increasing its liabilities to surplus ratio above 200%. The memorandum suggests arguments the organization could make to the bank, such as the long-term accuracy of LIFO, to avoid defaulting on the loan due to the accounting changes.
This document provides an overview of business types, forms, and legal requirements as well as an introduction to accounting. It discusses the key types of businesses including service, merchandising, manufacturing, and mixed/hybrid. The main forms of business organization are sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation. Legal requirements for businesses include registration of the business name and entity, obtaining necessary permits and licenses, and complying with tax authority requirements. Accounting is then introduced as the language of business that provides financial information to help users make economic decisions. It measures and communicates information about an entity's financial performance and position.
The document discusses different types and sizes of businesses in the US economy. The largest number of businesses have no employees other than the owner, while over 1,000 companies employ over 10,000 people each. Businesses are important as they provide employment, wages, products/services, taxes, and support local communities. The main activities of businesses include generating ideas, raising capital, marketing, and record keeping. The four main forms of business ownership are proprietorship, partnership, corporation, and non-profits.
possibilities the regular or C-type corporation, the S-type corpo.docxChantellPantoja184
possibilities: the regular or C-type corporation, the S-type corporation and the limited liability company known as an LLC. The last two forms are most common among smaller businesses, but are also used by large enterprises from time to time. .
The choice of form is important financially because it can have an impact on Am raising money, taxation, and financial liability. The issue is most relevanti in the disac context of smaller businesses, because the vast majority of large companies are prop organized as C-type corporations.3 diffic
For financial purposes, a partnership is essentially a sole proprietorship with more raisii than one owner, so we'll concentrate on distinguishing between a proprietorship and a corporation. We'll also begin by ignoring S-type corporations and LLCs and reintroduce them later. We'll explore some of the ideas behind form through a hypothetical example that stresses the financial advantages and disadvantages of each.
THE PROPRIETORSHIP FORM
Suppose an entrepreneur wants to open a business, has enough money to get started, and chooses to organize as a sole proprietorship.
Getting Started. Starting a proprietorship is very simple. Because the business is indistinguishable from the entrepreneur, all he has to do to get started is obtain a local permit and declare the business open. That's an advantage of the proprietorship form—it's easy to start.
Dot earn fina
the
Taxes. Now suppose the entrepreneur operates for a while and makes a profit. That profit will simply be taxed as personal income to the business owner. That's another advantage of the proprietorship form—the business's profits are taxed only once, and that tax is at personal income tax rates. (We'll see why this is an advantage in a moment.)
Raising Money. Next, suppose the business is successful for six months and the entrepreneur wants to expand but doesn't have enough money to buy the assets required. He therefore looks for outside financing in the form of a loan. Any number of sources are possible, including family, friends, and a bank.
Family and friends might advance some money on the strength of their personal ^ relationship with our entrepreneur, but people who don't know him will always ask two very important questions.
First they'll want to know, "What happens to my money if your business fails?" The honest answer is that the money will be lost.
Next they'll ask, "What happens to me if you're phenomenally successful?" The answer is simply that the lender will get his or her money back with interest.
Now consider the lender's position. Lending to the entrepreneur is a gamble, but not a very good one. The worst possible outcome is a total loss, while the best result imaginable is merely getting back the amount loaned with a few dollars of interest. That might be all right if the chance of loss is very small, but in fact the overwhelming majority of small businesses fail. Of course lenders know this, so the loan isn't very attractive to them.
This document provides an overview of accounting concepts and principles for entrepreneurs. It defines key terms like bookkeeping, accounting, cash and accrual systems. It explains fundamental accounting principles such as going concern, money measurement, consistency and conservatism. It also discusses accounting equations, types of accounts, debit and credit rules, and financial instruments like shares and debentures.
This document provides an introduction to accounting. It defines accounting as the process of identifying, classifying, recording, summarizing and interpreting business transactions of a financial nature. The key aspects covered include the difference between accounting, accountancy and bookkeeping, the accounting process, importance of accounting to internal and external users, basic accounting terminology like assets, liabilities, capital, and an overview of basic accounting concepts.
This document discusses different types of business ownership and their associated liabilities. There are two main types: unlimited liability businesses like sole traders and partnerships, where owners are personally liable for all debts and losses; and limited liability businesses called companies, where liability is limited to the amount invested and owners are separate from the business. It also discusses sources of finance for businesses, including retained profits, share capital, bank loans, hire purchase, leasing, trade credit and overdrafts to finance fixed assets and working capital.
Which of the following is true in a monopolyA.)Business owner.docxjolleybendicty
Which of the following is true in a monopoly?
A.)Business owners should focus on pricing products correctly so customers will choose it over other products.
B.)Business owners should focus on other business functions, since advertising will not impact the success of their products.
C.)Business owners should use marketing to emphasize the unique features offered by their products.
D.)Business owners should bring their products to market quickly, before another company can create a similar product
This is the Passage for this question
1. Suppy and Demand
The law of demand in economic terms is defined as a downward sloping curve on a graph where price is the y-axis and quantity is the x-axis. What we're going to see is as price goes down, quantity sold increases. So, as a product becomes more available at a lower price, people will tend to want to buy more of it, and therefore, the quantity demanded will go up.
The law of supply, on the other hand, is the opposite story. As the price increases, more producers will want to get into the market, which will affect how much product will be available in the market, because more people are coming in and trying to make a profit on the current price. As price goes lower, the law of supply says that the quantity will also go down.
1a. Market Price and Equilibrium
Market price
is the current price of a good or service at which a customer is willing to pay. Let's put our supply and demand curves together on a graph, and set the market price at the point marked with the dot. This will represent, given the current situation, what a customer is willing to pay.
hint Keep in mind that these things are always in flux, so you'll never see them static, like they're represented here. This is just for the sake of demonstration.
Equilibrium price
is the price at which quantity demanded and quantity supplied will meet. Recall where we set our market price, the price at which a customer is willing to pay given the supply of a particular product. What's going to happen is that the lines will move around until equilibrium is met, as shown below.
This is the price, given the supply and demand curves, where price will be at an equilibrium, all other things being equal.
terms to know
Market Price The current price of a good or service which a customer is willing to pay Equilibrium Price The price at which quantity demanded and quantity supplied meet
1b. Surplus and Shortage
Surplus
is when there's more supply of a product than demand.
Shortage
is when there's more demand for a product than there is supply.
This is going to affect the price, obviously. Surpluses will mean lower prices, while shortages mean higher prices.
The size of a business is going to have an effect on how they can cope with surpluses and shortages. Larger organizations have more flex--more money--available, and they're able to look for more substitutions for a product than a smal.
This document provides an overview of Lesson 5 which covers microeconomics topics related to how businesses finance, market, and distribute products. It discusses the three main types of financing - short term, intermediate term, and long term. Short term financing is less than 1 year and includes trade credit, unsecured loans, secured loans, and lines of credit. Intermediate term is 1-10 years and is used for expansion projects. Long term is over 10 years and large corporations issue bonds or sell stock. The document provides examples and details of each type of financing and factors companies consider when determining the best financing options.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
2. Session Plan
Activity Location Materials
Needed
Duration
(minutes)
Introduction Classroom Presentation 10
Accounting Terms Classroom Presentation 20
Objectives of
Accounting
Classroom Presentation 10
Business Types Classroom Presentation 20
Business Interactions Classroom Presentation 10
Business Structures Classroom Presentation 20
CYU Classroom Presentation 20
2
3. Session Plan
Activity Location Materials
Needed
Duration
(minutes)
Summary Classroom Presentation 10
Total 120 min
3
4. Session Objectives
By the end of this session, you will:
Understand common accounting terms.
Explain the basic objectives of accounting.
Explain the different types of businesses.
Describe the different types of business structures.
4
6. Introduction: Scenario
Joginder is a young man who helps his father on the farm.
He dreams about starting his own business. He has saved Rs.
2,000 and decides to start a vegetable selling business.
He plans to buy vegetables from his village and transport
them to the town on a cart. He thinks he will be able to sell the
vegetables at a higher price than he bought them, by going
house to house in the town.
6
7. Introduction: Scenario
7
Joginder sets out to buy a cart and the vegetables.
His friend tells him about a carpenter in the next village who
makes and sells carts. Joginder sets out to meet him and
make a purchase.
He finds out that a cart is of Rs. 3,000. He pays Rs. 2000,
takes the cart, and promises to pay the remaining Rs. 1000
within the next 3 days.
8. Introduction: Scenario
When Joginder goes home, he shows the cart to his brother,
who agrees to give him Rs. 2000, to pay the remainder on the
cart and buy vegetables. Joginder’s brother is interested in
this business, and decides to become a partner.
The next morning, Joginder goes to the village vegetable
seller, Hari, and explains his plan. Hari takes Rs. 1,000 from
Joginder, and promises to keep vegetables for him to collect
every morning on his way to the town.
8
9. Accounting Terms
9
Character Accounting
Term
Meaning
Joginder Owner/ Proprietor A person who owns the business.
Joginder’s
brother
Investor Person who invests money in a
business. This may be a person
other than the owner.
Carpenter Creditor A person or company to whom a
firm owes money.
Hari Debtor A person or company who owes
money to the firm.
10. Accounting Terms
10
Items/ Money Accounting
Term
Meaning
Cart, costing Rs.
3000
Asset Resources owned or controlled by the
business. These resources are
expected to provide benefits to the
business in the future. Benefits can be
money, material or equipment.
Rs. 4,000 paid
by Joginder and
his brother
Owner’s
Equity
The amount contributed by the owner
of the business, to start the business.
Rs. 1,000 owed
to the Carpenter
Liability Something that the business currently
owes (has to give) to another party.
11. Terms Joginder’s Business
By selling vegetables every day, Joginder will earn money.
To be able to sell the vegetables in the town, he will have
to spend money in buying from the village wholesaler.
On most days, he will sell the vegetables at a higher price
than he bought them.
Sometimes, for any reason, he may have to sell the
vegetables for a lower price than he bought them.
11
Accounting Terms
Let us understand Joginder’s business through Accounting Terms
12. Terms Joginder’s Business
Income By selling vegetables every day, Joginder will earn money.
Expenditure To be able to sell the vegetables in the town, he will have
to spend money in buying from the village wholesaler.
Profit On most days, he will sell the vegetables at a higher price
than he bought them.
Loss Sometimes, for any reason, he may have to sell the
vegetables for a lower price than he bought them.
12
Accounting Terms
Let us understand Joginder’s business through Accounting Terms
13. Terms Definitions
Income Total money earned by a company.
Profit Income made or money earned/gained through the
business. It happens when the the amount made by selling
a product is more than the amount spent to make it.
Loss Money lost through the business. It happens when the
amount by which the cost of a product is more than the
price at which it is sold.
Expenditure The money spent on making the goods and services. E.g.
salary, purchase of goods, purchase of machinery,
purchase of furniture, etc. are examples of expenditure.
13
Accounting Terms
14. Accounting Terms: Scenario
Soon Joginder’s vegetable business is doing very well. He
starts supplying to homes as well as restaurants. He has
some regular customers, who do not pay every time they take
vegetables, but instead, they pay on a monthly basis.
Joginder starts keeping track of customers and how much
they owe him. He starts maintaining a book where he writes
down who owes him money, and to whom he owes money. He
starts giving receipts to customers that show what they
bought, and how much they paid.
14
15. Terms Definitions
Financial Transactions The simple give and take of money.
Receipts Formal written proof that something of value has
been received.
Payments The money that is to be given out in exchange of
the goods/services provided.
15
Accounting Terms
16. Objectives of Accounting: Scenario
Joginder and his brother have so much business now that
they think they should expand to two more carts and some
more people to help them supply the vegetables to their
customers.
They want to calculate their profit to see how much more they
can spend on the business.
How will they find out if they have made a profit?
16
17. Objectives of Accounting
Maintaining Records Helps to maintain a proper record of all financial
transactions in a ‘book of accounts’.
Helps in knowing who needs to give you money
and from whom you need to take money.
17
Financial Position Helps to find the financial position of the
business in the form of its assets and liabilities
at the end of every accounting period. The
document that tells us this is known as Balance
Sheet.
Profitability Trend Has the business earned profits or suffered
losses?
Helps in getting bank loans.
Helps in getting investors.
18. 18
Business Types
Business Types
Profit
Sole
Proprietorship
Partnership
Non-profit
NGOs
19. Business Types
19
Terms Definitions
Profit Primary goal is making money (a profit).
Examples: Retail companies, hotels and restaurants,
manufacturing companies etc.
Non-Profit Focuses on a goal such as helping the community. Is
concerned with money only as much as it is necessary to
keep the organisation operating.
Examples: Charitable hospitals, Old age homes etc.
20. 20
Business Types
Apart from Sole Proprietorship & Partnership, there are two other types of
businesses. These are Corporation and Limited Liability Company.
Business
Types
Profit
Sole
Proprietorship
Corporation Partnership
Limited
Liability
Company
Non-profit
NGOs
21. Business Interactions: Scenario
21
Customers
Those who bought vegetables
from Joginder
Business Entity
Joginder +
Brother
Vendors/Suppliers
Those from whom Joginder
bought vegetables
Sources of Equity
Joginder and his brother, who
invested capital
23. Business Interactions: Scenario
23
Customers who buy
products
Real-World
Business Entity
Vendors
Suppliers of Materials
Sources of Equity
More than one individual
is owner
Investors/Shareholders
Employees who work
in the business
Sources of Loan Capital
Creditors (e.g. Bank)
Government that
collects taxes
24. Business Structures
You learned about Partnership and Sole Proprietorship in
simple terms. This is a business classification based on
number of owners.
In the real world because a business interacts with many
entities, the business structures are defined on the basis
of other rules. These are:
Separate Legal Entity (Customers, Vendors, Creditors,
Government)
Liability (Creditors)
Income Tax (Government)
24
25. Business Structures
Separate Legal Entity means how a company interacts with
the people outside who have interests in the company’s
business. (Customers, Vendors, Creditors, Government).
Number of owners means how many people own the
business and have a share in the profit of the business. In
small businesses, it may be one or two owners, but in large
businesses, there are shareholders who are owners.
Liability means the company’s liability towards its creditors, i.e.
those to whom the company owes some money.
Income Tax means what the business pays to the government.
25
26. Business Structures
26
Sole
Proprietorship
Partnership Corporation Limited
Liability
Company
(LLC)
Separate
Legal
Entity
No No Yes Yes
Number.
of
Owners
One Two or more One or more One or more
Liability
Unlimited
personal liability
Unlimited
personal
liability
Limited
liability
Limited
liability
27. 27
Business Structures
Sole
Proprietorship
Partnership Corporation Limited
Liability
Company
(LLC)
Income
Tax
Individual owner
Individual
partner
Double
Taxation
(corporation
and
stockholders)
Can elect to
be taxed as
a
corporation,
partnership
or sole
proprietorshi
p
28. Business Structures
Sole Proprietorship Partnership Corporation Limited Liability
Company (LLC)
Sole Proprietorship and Partnership:
All financial transactions and communication is assumed to be from
the owner/partners.
Corporations and Limited Liability Company:
All financial transactions and communication is assumed to be from
the company as a whole and not from any individual. For example, if
you receive a letter from a limited company, which is signed by the
Managing Director of the company, it is assumed that the letter is sent
by the company and not by the individual whose signature it has.
28
Separate
Legal
Entity
No No Yes Yes
29. Sole Proprietorship and Partnership: Do not need any registration with
any Government agency. However, various licenses are applicable to do
business e.g. Service Tax, Value Added Tax.
Corporations and Limited Liability Company: Need to register with a
government agency.
29
Business Structures
Sole
Proprietorship
Partnership Corporation Limited
Liability
Company
(LLC)
Number. of
Owners
One Two or more One or more
One or
more
30. Liability
Company
(LLC)
30
Business Structures
Sole
Proprietorship
Partnership Corporation Limited
Liability
Unlimited
personal liability
Unlimited
personal
liability
Limited liability
Limited
liability
Sole Proprietorship and Partnership: These businesses will have to
sell even their personal assets to pay off their creditors.
Corporations and Limited Liability Company: Only the company
assets will be sold to pay off the creditors.
31. 31
Business Structures
Sole
Proprietorship
Partnership Corporation Limited
Liability
Company
(LLC)
Income
Tax
Individual owner
Individual
partner
Double
Taxation
(corporation
and
stockholders)
Can decide to
be taxed as a
corporation,
partnership or
sole
proprietorship
32. Business Structures
Sole Proprietorship: Income Tax paid by an individual owner.
32
Partnership: Income Tax paid by all the partners.
Corporations: Income Tax paid by the company and
shareholders.
Limited Liability Company: Can decide whether all partners
are to be taxed or whether an individual owner takes
responsibility for paying tax.
33. Business Structures: Examples
33
Sole
Proprietorship
Partnership Corporation LLC
Example
Computer Repair
Shops
Mobile Repair
Shops
Rastogi
Brothers
Tata
Consultancy
Services
Family
Group LLC
India
35. Check your Understanding
35
Match the following terms with the correct definitions.
Term Definition
Owner’s
Equity/Capital
Resources owned or controlled by the business.
Assets Something that the business currently owes (has to
give) to another party.
Liabilities The amount contributed by the owner of the business,
to start the business.
Sole
Proprietorship
Businesses that are owned by two or more people.
36. Check your Understanding
36
Match the following terms with the correct definitions.
Term Definition
Partnership Businesses that are owned by a single person.
Debtor A person or company to whom a firm owes money.
Creditor A person or company who owes money to the firm.
37. Check your Understanding (Scenario)
Read the following situation and answer the questions that follow.
Mr. Ramesh started a computer coaching center. He is running
the center from one of the rooms in his house. He bought 4
computer tables using his own money. Then he took a loan from
the bank to buy computers. He has four students now all of whom
have paid fees. He earns INR 30,000 per month. He has to pay INR
7,000 as the EMI to the bank, on a monthly basis.
Mr. Suresh is offering Mr. Ramesh his back yard to be used as the
administrative office of the coaching center. In return, Mr. Ramesh
will provide Mr. Suresh, a share in the profit.
37
38. Check your Understanding (Question)
Who is the owner of the business?
a) Mr. Ramesh
b) Mr. Suresh
c) Bank
38
39. Check your Understanding (Answer)
Who is the owner of the business?
a) Mr. Ramesh
b) Mr. Suresh
c) Bank
39
40. Check your Understanding (Question)
Who is the investor in the business?
a) Mr. Ramesh
b) Mr. Suresh
c) Bank
40
41. Check your Understanding (Answer)
Who is the investor in the business?
a) Mr. Ramesh
b) Mr. Suresh
c) Bank
41
42. Check your Understanding (Question)
Who are the debtors in the business?
a) Mr. Suresh
b) Bank
c) Students
d) None
42
43. Check your Understanding (Answer)
Who are the debtors in the business?
a) Mr. Suresh
b) Bank
c) Students
d) None
43
44. Check your Understanding (Question)
Which are the assets in the business?
a) Computer Tables
b) Computers
c) Mr. Suresh’s Backyard
d) All of the Above
44
45. Check your Understanding (Answer)
Which are the assets in the business?
a) Computer Tables
b) Computers
c) Mr. Suresh’s Backyard
d) All of the Above
45
46. Check your Understanding (Question)
Which is NOT a liability in the business?
a) Computer Tables
b) Students’ Fees
c) Loan for Computers
46
47. Check your Understanding (Answer)
Which is NOT a liability in the business?
a) Computer Tables
b) Students’ Fees
c) Loan for Computers
47
48. Summary
48
Accounting is advantageous to not only the business
management but also to external parties.
The objectives of accounting are the following:
Maintaining records, and finding out the financial
position of the business and its profitability trend.
Different users of accounts have different use for the
same accounting information and they go through it for
personal interests.
There are two types of businesses, profit and non-profit.
49. Summary
A for-profit business structure may be any one of the
following: Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Corporation
or a Limited Liability Company.
49
Explain that more complex businesses interact with many entities, and the business structures are defined on the basis of certain rules.
Explain this slide in the context of Joginder’s desire to expand. Try to get inputs from students.
Sources of equity: He might get multiple people to invest in his business and give them a share of the profit (investors/ shareholders)
Sources of loan capital: He might apply to the bank for a loan once he shows them his profitability trend.
Vendors: He might purchase vegetables from multiple sources, or even diversify to fruits.
Employees who work in the business: He might hire people to deliver the vegetables, rather than haul the cart himself.
Customers who buy products: He could expand his customer base, to include more restaurants and more home localities.
Government that collects taxes: Once his income reaches a certain level, he may want to open a bank account, and start paying taxes. Bank would insist on proof of payment of tax if they were to give a loan.
Explain to the students that a computer loan is a liability as it has to be repaid. Student fees are also a liability, as they are taken in advance. They remain a liability until such time as service is delivered, when they will be recognised as “Service Revenue”. Before the service is delivered, it will appear in the balance sheet as a liability, under “Student fee deposits”.
Explain to students that they will be learning more about liabilities and balance sheet in the next session.