The document provides an overview of the Book of Samuel in three parts: 1. It discusses the traditional authors, the time period covered, and divisions of the book. Samuel is traditionally considered the author but it was likely written by Deuteronomistic historians after 960 BCE. 2. It was originally one book that was divided into two parts (1 Samuel and 2 Samuel) by Greek translators for practical reasons. 1 Samuel covers Samuel as prophet/judge and the rise of Saul. 2 Samuel focuses on David as king. 3. The book uses different sources and accounts to serve an overall theological perspective on the establishment of the monarchy under Saul and David and God's promise to David's house.

1. Pengantar Kitab
Samuel
Sesi 10

2. 1. JUDUL
Teks Ibrani: Samuel (1 kitab)
TRADisi Yunani dan Latin1-2
Regnorum (“kerajaan2”)
Hieronimus: 1-2 Regum (“Raja”)
Kanon Kristiani: 1-2 Samuel

3. 1. The Books of Samuel
 a. Author uses a biographical style
 b. Author writes thematically from a special
interest in the prophetic unfolding of the
kingdom of Israel, especially as centered in the
emergence, triumph, and struggles within the
house of David

4. Penulis
 Tradisional: Samuel atau nabi atau sejarawan Nathan and Gad
(1 Taw 29:29). “Samuel is considered the author up to 1 Samuel
25 (his death). Nathan and Gad completed the writing (1
Chronicles 29:29)”
 Penulis : para cendekiawan dari mazhab Deuteronomistis
 Setting waktu kitab Samuel: Peristiwa dalam 1 Samuel
berlangsung antara 100 tahun, dari c. 1100 SM sampai 1000 SM.
Peristiwa dalam 2 Samuel mencakup 40 tahun.
 Penulisan kitab: setelah 960 SM
 Isi: asal usul Kerajaan dan 2 raja pertama.

5. Mengapa kitab Samuel dibagi dua?
 The canonical book we know today as 1
Samuel and 2 Samuel were originally one
long and unbroken narrative tracing the
rise of the monarchy in the late eleventh
century BCE.
 principally concerned with the origin and
early history of the monarchy of ancient
Israel.

6.  The separation of this narrative into two
distinct books was probably accomplished
by the translators of the Septuagint, who
presumably found it difficult to incorporate
the entire history contained in these two
books into one scroll, given that the Greek
text (unlike biblical Hebrew) contained
vowels as well as consonants.

7.  The work bears the name of Samuel apparently
because he is the first of its principal figures and
was instrumental in the selection of the first two
kings.
 In 1 Samuel, Samuel is treated as prophet and
judge and Israel’s principal figure immediately
before the monarchy, and Saul as king.
 In 2 Samuel, David is presented as king.

8.  Though both books bear his name, Samuel dominates only
the first twelve chapters of 1 Samuel, and he is soon
eclipsed in importance by David, the boy warrior-turned-
king whose rise to power is made possible both by Samuel
himself and by Israel’s worsening political situation.
 Samuel is a major player in this narrative, and he serves as
a perfect transition figure from the era of the judges to the
era of the kings.

9.  He is perhaps the only figure in biblical
narrative to play three roles simultaneously—
those of prophet, judge, and priest—and, like
the court prophets who come after him
(particularly Nathan), he is closely involved
with the monarchy as an institution and with
the two young kings he helps to place on
Israel’s throne.

10. parallels, repetitions, and discrepancies
 Different accounts are given of the origin of the monarchy (1 Samuel 9:1–
10:16 and 1 Samuel 8; 10:17–27);
 There are two accounts of the rejection of Saul as king (1 Samuel 13:8–
14 and 1 Samuel 15:10–31) and two more of David’s introduction to Saul (1
Samuel 16 and 1 Samuel 17).
 One account of the slaying of Goliath attributes the act to David (1 Samuel 17)
and the other to Elhanan (2 Samuel 21:19).
 Some scholars assume that the books of Samuel were composed from two or
three continuous sources; others suggest a compilation of independent
narratives of varying lengths. The latter view has gained the wider
acceptance.

11.  The longest independent narrative, an excellent
example of historical writing, is the “court history
of David” (2 Samuel 9–20; 1 Kings 1–2)
 The several independent narratives and fragments
were presumably collected by the Deuteronomic
historian and joined together in the production of
his work (Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, 1 and 2
Samuel, 1 and 2 Kings).

12.  The author exercised considerable care in his use of
traditional material, for everything is made to serve in an
overall theological perspective.
 The conflicting accounts of the origin of the monarchy,
reflecting pro- and anti-monarchical attitudes, are
intentionally held in tension as a backdrop for the divine
promise to the house of David in 2 Samuel 7, guaranteeing
its permanence and warning that the iniquity [kesalahan] of
any reigning king will bring the punishment of Yahweh.
 The rest of the history is shaped to illustrate the validity of
these claims.

13.  The promise in 2 Samuel 7 that divine favour will rest
permanently on the Davidic dynasty is crucial for
understanding the writer’s theological motivation for
producing his history in the exilic period.
 He hoped for a restoration of his people and was convinced
that one of the conditions for such a restoration was to
recognize the divine legitimation of the house of David.
 He was also convinced that the kings of a restored Davidic
monarchy would prosper in proportion to the degree of
their faithfulness to the Law of Moses.

14. 2. ISI KITAB SAMUEL
I. BERAKHIRNYA DUNIA LAMA – MASA HAKIM-HAKIM
(1 SM 1-7)
II. MUNCULNYA DUNIA BARU - ZAMAN MONARKI (1
SM 8-12)
III. KERAJAAN SAUL (1 SM 13-15)
IV. TRADISI TENTANG DAVID
(1 SM 16 - 2 SM 24)

15. Title Lorem Ipsum
LOREM IPSUM
DOLOR SIT AMET,
CONSECTETUER
ADIPISCING ELIT.
MAECENAS
01
NUNC VIVERRA
IMPERDIET ENIM.
FUSCE EST. VIVAMUS
A TELLUS.
02
PELLENTESQUE
HABITANT MORBI
TRISTIQUE
SENECTUS ET
NETUS ET
MALESUADA FAMES.
03