By Dr Alvin Yeo A Systemic, Holistc, Interdisciplinary, and Partcipatory (SHIP) Approach Our Seoul media workshop was a two-day residential event featuring a combination of background briefings from local and international experts and entrepreneurs on energy markets and developments in the South East Asian off-grid sector. The workshop offered an opportunity to explore the Smart Villages concept and study nascent Smart Village projects and relevant technologies from around the world.

1.
Employing
ICT
for
Socio-­‐Economic
Development
in
Rural
and
Remote
Communi;es
In
Malaysian
Borneo:
A
Systemic,
Holis;c,
Interdisciplinary,
and
Par;cipatory
(SHIP)
Approach
Alvin
W.
Yeo
PhD
Director,
Ins5tute
of
Social
Informa5cs
and
Technological
Innova5ons
Professor,
Faculty
of
Computer
Science
and
Informa5on
Technology
ISITI-CoERI is supported by:
Long Lamai JKKK, Rurum Kelabit Sarawak

2. Background
• Educa;on
– BCompMathsSc
(Hons)
Waikato
NZ
– PhD
(Human
Computer
Interac=on)
Waikato
NZ
– 10+
indigenous
communi=es
• Research
&
Prac;ce
in
BTDD
– Researcher
since
2002,
Site
leader
eBario
2005
– Director
for
CRI
2009
&
ISITI
2011-­‐Present
• Research
&
Development
Projects
– Areas:
ICT
for
Development,
HCI,
SoPware
Interna=onalisa=on
Indigenous
Knowledge
Management
– 50
+
interna=onal
and
na=onal
projects
USD
5
mil.
– 100+
publica=ons
• Knowledge
Sharing
&
Dissemina;on
– Na=onal:
Ministries,
Industries,
Academia,
Communi=es
– Interna=onally:
Europe,
South-­‐east
Asia
– UNESCAP
Guidebook
&
Policy
Brief
&
APC
ICT
– Presenta=ons
ITU

3. Where
is
Kuching?
Kuching

4. Kuching

5. Overview
• ISITI
• Context
– Long
Lamai
Case
• Exemplars
• Reflec;ons
&
Lessons
Learnt

6. Linking
Research
and
Prac;ce
(Chib
&
Harris,
2012)

7. Ins;tute
of
Social
Informa;cs
&
Technological
Innova;ons
(ISITI)
• VISION:
– Communi=es
transformed
into
a
knowledge-­‐based
society
by
leveraging
on
ICT
innova=ons
• MISSION:
– To
generate,
disseminate,
apply
and
preserve
knowledge
through
innova=ve
and
mul=
(&
inter)
disciplinary
approaches
to
empower
society
to
sustainably
address
their
developmental
needs
in
a
wider
social
and
economic
contexts
Facul=es
of:
1. Social
Sciences
2. Economics
&
Business
3. Cogni=ve
Sc.
&
Human
Development
4. Applied
and
Crea=ve
Arts
5. Engineering
6. Computer
Sc.
&
IT
7. Medicine
and
Health
Sciences
8. Faculty
of
Resource
Science
&
Technology
Centre
of:
1. Language
Studies
2. Applied
Learning
and
Mul=media
Centre
of
Excellence
for
Rural
Informa;cs
(CoERI)

8. Objec;ves
• To
define
the
extent
to
which
contemporary
ICT
could
deliver
sustainable
social
and
economic
development
to
remote
rural
communi;es
• To
iden;fy
further
needs
and
opportuni2es
within
such
communi;es
that
can
be
sa;sfied
by
the
innova2ve
use
of
contemporary
ICT
• Development
Agents
&
ICT
Ac;vists

9. 9
Work
with
(very)
Remote
Communi;es

10. Telecentres

11. Living
Labs-­‐Loca;ons
Bario
Lamai
Larapan
Buayan
Ba’Ke-­‐
lalan-­‐
Gua
Musang-­‐
Kelantan
Kuala
Lipis,
Pahang
PI1M-­‐Bowang
PI1M-­‐Bogag
PI1M-­‐Skio
PI1M-­‐
Kg
Serasot
PI1M-­‐
Krokong
PI1M-­‐Sibuluh
PI1M-­‐Daro
PI1M-­‐Meradong
PI1M-­‐Engkilili
PI1M-­‐Lubok
Antu
PI1M-­‐
Sungai
Asap
PI1M-­‐
Yan
Kechil
PI1M-­‐Guar
Chempedak
PI1M-­‐Yan
Besar
PI1M-­‐
Bukit
Besar
PI1M-­‐Kuala
Sala
PI1M-­‐Limau
Dalam
Northern
Region:
Jerlun,
Pokok
Sena,
Langkawi
Central
Region:
Putrajaya

12. Communi;es
• Bario:
Kelabit
• Ba’Kelalan:
Lun
Bawang
• Long
Lamai:
Penans
• Pulau
Larapan:
Bajau
• Kpg.
Buayan:
Dusun
• Pos
Sinderut,
Pos
Lenjang:
Semai
• Pos
Gob,
Pos
Balar:
Temiar
• Bau
districts:
Bidayuh
• Yan
district:
Malays
• Daro:
Melanau
• Meradong,
Engkilili,
Lubok
Antu:
Iban
• Sungai
Asap:
Kenyah,
Kayan,
Penans

13. Living
Labs-­‐Loca;ons
Lamai

14. Journey
to
Long
Lamai
Social
Informa=cs
Case
Study

15. Long
Lamai
and
the
surroundings
Long
Puak
Long
Banga
Airport
Long
Banga
Long
Lamai

16. Ngerabit
eLamai
vis-­‐a-­‐vis
Smart
Village
• Problem
– Very
remote
and
lack
of
connec=vity
– Limits
educa=onal
and
economic
opportuni=es
• Solu;on
– Ngerabit
eLamai
– Socio-­‐technical
solu=on
– Integra=on
of
ICT
&
Social
Systems

17. eLamai:
Integrated
ICT
Systems
• Power
– Solar
Power
(Photo-­‐voltaics
)
– 10
kWh
&
20
baceries
• Telecommunica;ons
– Very-­‐Small
Aperture
Terminal
– 256
kbps
link
• Computers
&
LAN
– 3
Dell
Desktop
Mini
– 3
Dell
Netbooks
• Telephones
– 2
public
phones
• Telecentre
building
– Designed
by
and
for
community
use

18. Inclusiveness
• Par;cipatory
Ac;on
Research
• Involvement
of
all
in:
– Making
decisions
– Planning,
Implementa=on,
Maintenance
• Community
dialogue
– “YES”
from
the
community
• Social
equity
–
E.g.
boat
service
(turn
taking)
Ngerabit
eLamai:
Social
Systems

19. Sustainability
• Empowerment
• Telecentre:
Financial
and
Human
Resource
– Volunteering
and
con=nuous
training
– Governance
• Ngerabit
Lamai
commicee
• eTabung
(Savings/fund)
– Percentage
of
profit
gained
from
phone
cards
and
future
homestays
• Running
for
over
5
years
Ngerabit
eLamai:
Social
Systems

20. eCommunity
• Address
community
needs
• Improved
connec;vity
(Social
Rela;ons)
– Before:
1-­‐hour
walk
to
Long
Banga
– FaceBook
and
telephone
to
keep
in
touch
– Cater
for
young
(FaceBook)
and
old
(phone)
• Use
of
ICTs
– Checking
SPM
(na=onal
exam)
results
– Looking
and
applying
for
jobs
and
further
studies
– Coordina=ng
logis=cs
and
project
management
– Adver=sing
and
sale
of
handicraPs
– Ci=zen
Journalism
Ngerabit
eLamai:
Social
Systems

21. Ngerabit
eLamai
Agent
for
Social
Transforma2on
• Increased
ICT
Literacy
– Each
household
in
Lamai
has
one
person
who
is
computer
literate
• Improvement
of
Lives
– Keeping
in
touch
with
families
– Coordina=on
of
projects
– Volunteers
• Increase
English
passes
(in
na=onal-­‐
level
primary-­‐6
exam)
by
25%
(2011);
overall
about
40%
• Window
to
the
world
• Job
and
educa=on
opportuni=es
• Obtained
scholarships
on
tourism
related
ac=vi=es
in
KL
and
willing
to
return

22. Ngerabit
eLamai:
Catalyst
for
Growth
&
Economic
Transforma2on
• Recogni;on
of
Community
&
eLamai
– Knowledge
Transfer
Programme
Project
(116
successful
out
of
over
300
submissions)
– Japanese
Gov’t
funding:
Micro-­‐hydro
Dam
• Responsible
Rural
Eco-­‐Tourism
– Wilson
Bian
Headman
• Alterna;ve
income
– Homestays
(7
as
of
today)
– Boats
(from
3
in
2008
to
30)
– HandicraP
(500
baskets
FaceBook
order)
&
Tourist
Ac=vi=es
• Popula;on
growth:
Rural-­‐rural
Migra;on
–
3
families
from
Ba
Lai,
2
pending

23. 23
Initiative for
e-Commerce
Capacity-building of
Penans in Long Lamai
community
E-commerce
website
development
Community
Trainings
[7]
Methodology
Pain;ngs
Handicrads
Homestays
Cultural
Ac;vi;es
Empowerment
Capacity
Building
eLamai
Telecentre
manager
Garen
Jengan
susilanatasya@gm
ail.com

24. Musical
Instrument
Hun;ng
Raean
Bracelets
Pencil
Holder
Mat
Cooking
Utensils

25. Raean
Handicrads
by
Long
Lamai
Ar;sans

26. 26
March 5, 2012
Education a lifeline for Penan kids
Wilson Bian, Long Lamai Headman, says that
the Internet has opened their eyes to the world
outside and to tourism, which many welcome
as a sustainable source of badly needed income.
“I understand tourism can bring about changes. There are fears of
negative influences, but we have faith that we can manage these
changes with clearly set rules. There are many ways to make a
project successful so that it benefits the community. We are keen to
learn new things,” says Wilson.

27. Socio-­‐Technological
Innova;ons
Leading
to
Socio-­‐Economic
Benefits

28. Why
PAR
in
Sodware
Development?
• In
the
HCI
domain,
success
of
par=cipatory
design
• Opportuni=es
to
learn
and
improve
– Cost
and
opera=onal
efficiency
• Based
on
experience,
PAR
in
development
projects
(IDRC
&
UNIMAS)
• Par=cipatory
Ac=on
Research
(PAR)
1. Par=cipa=on:
“Research
is
a
par=cipatory
process
that
requires
the
equal
collabora=ve
involvement
of
the
‘community
of
research
interest’;
2. Ac=on:
Research
should
be
more
than
just
finding
out;
research
should
also
involve
a
component
that
seeks
to
engender
posi=ve
change.”
(Walter,
2006)

29.
Social
change
process
SoBware
development
process
(1)
Obtaining
consent
(2)
Needs
Assessment
(4)
Hypothesis
forma=on
(5)
Solu=on
Design
(9)
Reflec=on
(7)
Implemen-­‐
ta=on
&
Tes=ng
(6)
Methodology
Selec=on
(3)
Problem
Agreement
feedback
PRiSMA
v3
(8)
System
Evalua=on

30. Botanical
Walks
in
the
Deepest
Jungles
of
Borneo
Long
Banga
Airport
Long
Puak
Long
Banga
Long
Lamai
Tajem
Poison
for
darts
Selungang
Kunil
Poisonous
plants
Poisonous:
Fatal
if
consumed
Racun:
Boleh
ma2
jika
makan

31. Digi;sing
and
preserving,
Oro,
asynchronous
“Secret”
language
of
the
Penans

32. Objects:
Branch,
twig
or
s=ck
Interpreta;on:
This
symbol
used
to
tell
Penan
people
that
we
are
friends.
The
whole
picture
bring
out
the
meaning
of
I
am
your
friend
and
I
am
hungry.
Rules:
Bend
the
twig
or
s=ck
into
two
equal
length.
Sign:
Example
of
transcrip;on
of
Oroo:

33. Oroo’
Tangibles:
Tools
for
learning
secret
sign
language
of
forest

34. Implemen;ng
Telecentre
Programme
for
Orang
Asli
Gua
Musang-­‐
Kelantan
Kuala
Lipis,
Pahang

35. Implemen;ng
Telecentre
Programme
for
Orang
Asli

36. TPOA
Infrastructure
Development
and
Community
Development
Programmes
Community
Development
Programmes
Training
• Dr
Peter
Nwanesi
Educa=on
• Dr
Sharifah
Sophia
Agribusiness
• Dr
Goy
Indigenous
Knowledge
• Nicholas
Gani
Tourism
• Dyg
Aizza
Health
• Juna
Liau
Infrastructure
Development
Telecentre
Development
• AP
Dr
Al-­‐Khalid
Energy
Supply
• AP
Dr
Al-­‐Khalid
Telecommunica=on
• AP
Dr
Tan
CE
Informa=on
System
Design
(ICT
Components)
• AP
Dr
Tan
CE
ICT
Platorms
(OA
Gateway)
Web
Portals
eLearning
CD
ROM
eCommerce
Outcomes
/
Objec;ves/
Goals
Deliverables
Approaches
–
Planning
&
etc
Budgets
(es;mates)

37. Mul;-­‐disciplinary
Approach

38. Par;cipatory
Ac;on
Research
-­‐
Pos
Balar,
Gua
Musang

39. Par;cipatory
Ac;on
Research
-­‐
Pos
Gob,
Gua
Musang

40. Par;cipatory
Ac;on
Research
-­‐
Pos
Lenjang,
Kuala
Lipis

41. Par;cipatory
Ac;on
Research
Pos
Sinderut,
Kuala
Lipis

42. Influencing
Prac;;oners
&
Policy
Makers
ISITI-CoERI is supported by:
MOHE, DAGS, MOSTI, Telekom Malaysia, Japan Official Development Assistance,
Long Lamai JKKK, Rurum Kelabit Sarawak, City-Link Express

43. Changing
Mindsets:
Influencing
Policy
Makers
&
Industries
• Iden;fy
Best
Prac;ces
– SHIP
Approach
– Engage
respec=ve
stakeholders
– Collate
&
tests
successes
• “Sandbox”
Trial
• Sejng
expecta;ons
of
stakeholders
– Sustainability:
success
rate
of
SMEs
– Essen=al
items
to
do
• Needs
analysis
• Building
Rela=onships
– Community
Engagement
• Communica;on/Networking/
Coordina;on
– All
stakeholders
“sit
at
the
same
table”

44. Reflec;ons
&
Lessons
Learnt
ISITI-CoERI is supported by:
MOHE, DAGS, MOSTI, Telekom Malaysia, Japan Official Development Assistance,
Long Lamai JKKK, Rurum Kelabit Sarawak, City-Link Express

45. Complex
Socio-­‐Technical
Systems:
SHIP
Perspec;ve
• Reflec;on
using
SHIP
Approach
– Systemic,
holis=c,
interdisciplinary,
par=cipatory
(Manuaba,2007)
• Systemic
Approach
to
Problems
– Sub-­‐systems:
economic,
cultural,
poli=cal,
ecological
– Demand
Driven
• Holis;c
Socio-­‐technical
solu;ons
– Development
Agents
and
ICT
ac=vists
– Appropriated
&
Integrated
– Interdisciplinary
• Concerted
Effort
– Engagement/Par=cipatory
– Academia,
Gov’t,
Industry,
Community

46. Community
Telecentre
Cultural/
Knowledge
Homestay
e-Commerce
Government
Tourism
activities
Local
transportation
Human
resources
Travel
agencies
Banking/
Finance
Handicraft
Material
resources
Environment
Pollution
Agriculture
Food
Water
Irrigation
Cultural
groupsChurch
Logistics
Hydro
power
Households
Social
Economic
Environment
Cultural
Figure:
SHIP
approach
for
sustainable
rural
tourism
in
Long
Lamai
46

47. Community
Telecentre
Cultural/
Knowledge
Homestay
e-Commerce
Government
Tourism
activities
Local
transportation
Human
resources
Travel
agencies
Banking/
Finance
Handicraft
Material
resources
Environment
Pollution
Agriculture
Food
Water
Irrigation
Cultural
groupsChurch
Logistics
Hydro
power
Households
Social
Economic
Environment
Cultural
Figure:
SHIP
approach
for
sustainable
rural
tourism
in
Long
Lamai
47
• Socio-­‐technical
issues
• How
to
collect
payment?
• How
to
send
out?
(cost-­‐effec;ve
logis;cs)
• How
do
we
share
the
proceeds?
Who
gets
what?
• Need
the
community
to
understand
“Supply
chain”
– Cost
of
marke=ng

48. Community
Centred
Research:
Ripple
Effects
towards
a
Smart
Village
Telecentre
• Community
Par=cipa=on
• Needs
Analysis
• Infractructure
eToro
• Indigenous
Knowledge
Preserva=on
• Plant
collec=on
New
proj.
• HandicraPs
• Tourism
Research
• Micro-­‐hydro
• eOroo’

49. CoERI
Model
Community
Engagement
&
Needs
Analysis
Planning
&
Design
Technology
access
&
Deployment
Evalua=on
&
Reflec=on
Social
Scien;sts
Social
Scien;sts
Technologists
Economics
&
Business
Technologists
Economics
&
Business
Social
Scien;sts
Technologists
Economics
&
Business

50. Local
Champion
Interna=onal
Experts
Fellow
Researchers
(Students)
Innova;on
“broker”:
Win-­‐win
situa;on
• Community-­‐ini=ated
research
themes
• Agreement
of
focus
• Researcher/Student-­‐project
– “Match-­‐making”
Mul=ple
stakeholders
• Field
trips,
mentoring,
&
engagement
for
Student’s
educa=on
– Formal
knowledge
content
– Skills
(community
engagement)
– Avtudes

51. Values
ICTQ
:
S3RI
Community
&
Ins=tute
Trust
Respectul
Responsible
Resilient
Sustainable
Innova=ve
Quality

52. CULTURAL
PROTOCOLS
OF
LONG
LAMAI

54. • Guidebook
for
visitors
• Flowchart
for
community-­‐researchers
engagement
ac;vi;es
• Guidelines
for
researchers
• Free,
Prior
and
Informed
Consent
(FPI&C)
Agreement
Cultural
Protocols

55. Guidelines
for
Researchers
Respect
indigenous
world
views
Capacity
building
for
ac;ve
par;cipa;on
Ac;ve
par;cipa;on
in
conclusion
and
interpreta;on
of
data
“Peer
review”

56. 1.
Respect
indigenous
world
views
2.
Jurisdic;on
over
research
process
3.
Par;cipatory-­‐research:
shared
power
and
decision
making
4.
Free
Consent:
collec;ve
and
individual
5.
Privacy
and
confiden;ality
6.
Support
mechanism
for
sacredness
of
IK
7.
Explicit
acknowledgment
of
IPRs
8.
Mutual
benefits
9.
Capacity
building
for
ac;ve
par;cipa;on
10.
“Peer
review”
11.
Ensure
Accessible
and
understandable
communica;on
12.
Respect
the
rights
of
community
generated
from
data
13.
Transfer
of
data
and
informa;on
to
third
party
14.
Consent
for
secondary
use
of
data
and
informa;on
15.
The
other
party’s
product
“on
loan”
16.
Ac;ve
par;cipa;on
in
conclusion
and
interpreta;on
of
data
17.
Explicit
way
of
acknowledgement
for
community’s
contribu;on
in
research
Guidelines
for
Researchers

57. Community
takes
co-­‐ownership
of
research
agenda
and
ac=vi=es
Co-­‐Researchers
Community
makes
sugges=ons,
recommenda=ons
and
valida=ons
Validators
Community
is
informed
about
the
wider
context
-­‐Open
ques=ons
-­‐Community
can
ask
ques=ons
and
make
sugges=ons
Informed
Par=cipants
Community
answers
researchers’
ques=ons
Informants
Degree
of
Community
Engagement

58. Degree
of
Community
Engagement
Researcher
Informants
Informed
Par=cipants
Validators
Co-­‐Researchers
Community

59. Cri;cal
Success
Factors
• People,
people,
people
• Champions
from
all
stakeholders
– Formal
and
informal
leadership
• Develop
rela=onship
with
community
– Responsibility
&
Respect
• Addressing
the
needs
• Sustainable
Development
– Empowerment,
Inclusiveness
&
Equity,
Ownership
– Free,
Prior,
Informed
Consent
• Top
management
support
(e.g.
from
University)
• Mul=-­‐disciplinary
teams
• Smart
Partnerships
– Community-­‐Government-­‐
Academia
– Opportuni=es
• Changing
Roles
– Gatekeeper
/
Proxy
• Liaison
• Myth-­‐bus=ng
– Collaborators
• Raising
awareness
&
engagement

60. Research
making
an
impact
Community
Engagement
Free
Prior
Informed
Consent
Cultural
Protocols
Community
first
Research
Dev’t
Agents
&
ICT
Ac;vists
Dev’t
&
Tes=ng
Hypothesis
Analysis
and
Findings
Development
&
Commercialisa;on
Applica;on
&
Replica;on
in
other
Sites
Techniques
Tools
Training
Standardisa=on
Policy
Research
&
Development
Success
stories
to
influence
Policy
Makers
Ecosystem:
Mul=-­‐
stakeholder
Mul=-­‐
disciplinary

61. Summary
• Bridging
Digital
Divide
using
telecentres
• Leveraging
on
ICTs
to
bring
about
socio-­‐economic
development,
• Genera=ng
knowledge
through
research
ac=vi=es
in
the
area
of
ICT
for
Development
– No
one-­‐size
fits
all
• Bridging
the
theory-­‐prac=ce
gap
(SHIP)
• Influencing
policy
makers
and
industry
• Pathways
to
impact
through
research
and
innova=on

62.
Jian
Kenin
Q
&
A
©
UNIMAS:
Please
email
alvin@isi;.unimas.my
if
you
would
like
any
part
of
the
slides
thanks.

63. eBorneo
Knowledge
Fair
(eBKF
V)
Ba’
kelalan,
18-­‐20
November,
2015
TOPICS
• Paper
Presenta=ons
• Postgraduate
Colloquium
• Workshops/walkshops
– Tourism
– HandicraP
– Indigenous
knowledge
– Smart
Villages
– Climate
change
– Aerial
photography
– Service
Learning
• Community-­‐Driven
Workshops
PARTNERS
• Community
– FORMADAT
– Sarawak,
Sabah,
Kalimantan
• Academia
– UNIMAS,
Smart
Village
Ini=a=ve
– Cornell
University
• Government
– MCMC
&
MCMC
Sarawak
– EPU
– ICT
Unit,
Sarawak
• Industry
– MAXIS
– Sacofa

64. Long
Lamai
4
Days/3
nights
D1
(Sat):
Flights
&
Boat
D2
(Sun):
Telecentre,
Solar-­‐
PVs
D3
(Mon):
Micro-­‐hydro
D4
(Tues):
Boat,
Flights
(LBP-­‐
MYY-­‐KCH)
Other
aerac;ons
• Handicrad
making
• River-­‐picnic
• Padi
farms
• Botanical
Walk
• Nature
walks

65. Ba’Kelalan
4
Days/3
nights
D1
(Sat):
Flights
(MYY-­‐BKM)
D2
(Sun):
Telecentre,
Solar-­‐PVs
D3
(Mon):
Micro-­‐hydros
D4
(Tues):
4WD,
Flights
(LWY-­‐MYY)
Other
aerac;ons
• Padi
farms
• Apple
Farm
Visit
• Award-­‐winning
school
• Nature
walks
• Handicrad
making