Key for 2017 Exam

1. Name ________________________________________________
Senior Science Final Exam Review KEY
Ch.1 Introduction to Science
1. What is pure science?
the continuingsearch for newknowledge
2. What are the stepsin the scientificmethod?
Making observation– forminghypothesis– testinghypothesis – analyzingdata – drawing conclusion
NOT A LINEAR PROCESS BUT NORMALLY STARTS WITH AN OBSERVATION
3. What do we call the force withwhichgravitypullsona quantityof matter?
weight
4. What is the differencebetweenaccuracyand precision?
Accuracy is the closenessofa measurementto a known/givenvalue; precisionishow exact a measurementis
5. What are the standard SI unitsforlength,mass,time,andtemperature?
Length: meter, Mass: kilogram, Time:second,Temperature: Kelvin
6. How many significantfiguresare in7.357620?
7
7. What are the three mainbranchesof natural science?
Life,physical,Earth
8. How do youconvertwithinthe metricsystem?Provide2examples.
Move the decimal place to the right or leftusing laddermethod w/acronym k h da b d c m
152 cm = ? km  .00152 km 18 kL = ? L  18,000 L
9. How do youchange numbersto/fromscientificnotation?Provideanexample of anextremelylarge and
extremelysmall number.
Numbersw/positive exponentare large numbers,move decimal pt to the right equal to the power of 10, numbers
w/negative exponentsare small numbers,move decimal pt to leftequal to power of10, to put in scientific
notation move dec pt to make number1<n<10 and power of 10 is spaces you moveddec pt
1.53 x 104
= 15,300 2.307 x 10-5
= .00002307
10. What isthe applicationof scientificknowledge forpractical purposes?
technology
11. What isa branchof Earth science thatstudiesthe physical nature andhistoryof Earth?
geology
12. What do youcall observing,studying,andexperimentingtofindthe nature of things?
science
13. What isa branchof physical science thatstudiesmatteranditschanges?
chemistry
14. What isan explanationof howanatural processworks?
scientifictheory
15. What isa branchof Earth science thatstudiesthe atmosphere andthe weather?
meteorology
16. What isa branchof biologythatstudiesthe balance innature?
ecology
17. What isa representationusedtostudyan objector event?
model
18. What isa descriptionof aprocessinnature that can be testedbyrepeatedexperiments?
scientificlaw
19. What isa branchof physical science thatstudiesforcesandenergy?
physics
20. What are mostscientificquestionsthe resultof?
observations
21. What typesof graphs are bestto showchangesovertime?Partsof a whole?
line,circle/pie

2. Ch.2 Matter
23. How are moleculesmade?
two or more atoms are heldtogetherby chemical bonds
24. What do the differentpartsof a chemical formularepresent?Give anexample.
H2O : Lettersrepresentthe differentelements,subscriptsrepresentthe #of atoms of that element
25. What isthe smallestunitof anelementthatmaintainsthe propertiesof that element?
atom
26. What ismatter?What are the three formsof matterthe book talksindetail about?
Anythingthat has mass and takes up space,solid/liquid/gas
27. What are pure substances?
elements,compounds,molecules
28. What do youcall a groupof atomsthat acts as a unit?
molecule
29. What are some chemical properties?
reactivity to acid, abilityto rust, flammability
30. What are some physical properties?
density,color, meltingpoint,size,shape
31. What are some signsof chemical change?
change in color/odor, fizzing
32. What isthe science of whatmatterismade of and how it changes?
chemistry
Ch.3 States of Matter
33. What determinesthe speedof the atomsandmoleculesof aparticularsubstance?
both the size of the atoms/moleculesand the temperature ofthe substance
34. What isthe resistance of afluidto flow?
viscosity
35. Whichstate of matterwill holditsshape withoutacontainer?
solid
36. What doesthe lawof conservationof massstate?
mass cannot be created or destroyed
37. What are the differentchangesinstate of matter?Listfor each whetherenergyisabsorbedorreleased?
Energy absorbed:solid liquid(melting),liquid  gas(boiling)
Energy released:gas  liquid(condensation),liquid  solid(freezing)
38. Why doesice floatinwater?
the ice is lessdense than water
39. What isbuoyantforce?
upward force exertedonan objectimmersed/floatingona liquid
40. All matterismade of atomsand molecules thatare movinghow?
always moving
41. What isa fluid?
liquidor gas
42. What isArchimedesPrinciple?
an object floats ifthe buoyant force on the object isequal to the object’sweight
43. What isPascal’sPrinciple?
a containedfluidexertspressure equallyinall directions
44. What happenstothe speedof a movingliquidas the pressure increases?
speeddecreases,pressure andspeedhave inverse relationship
45. How doesthe densityof anobjectthat sinksintoafluidcompare to the densityof the fluid?
objectsthat sink are more dense than the fluidthey sinkthrough
46. What state of mattercan the particlesslide pasteachother,butare still packedtogether? liquid
47. What state of matterhas particles thathave brokendownandbecome ionized? plasma
48. What state of matterhas particles thatare in a rigid,fixedstructure? solid

3. 49. What state of matterhas particles thatare in constantmotionandrarelystick together? gas
Ch.11 Motion
50. What isthe SIunitfor speed?
metersper secondm/s
51. What do we call the combinationof all of the forcesacting onan object?
net force
52. What isthe difference betweena(n) balanced/unbalancedforce?
unbalancedforce has a netforce while balancedforces wouldhave a netforce of zero
53. What isacceleration?Whatdoespositive/negativeaccelerationmean?
speedingup/slowingdown/change in directionof an object;+: speedingup -:slowing down
54. What isthe difference betweenspeedandvelocity? Whatdoyouneedto know todetermine it?
velocityincludesa direction,must know distance,time,and direction
55. What isthe difference betweendistance anddisplacement?Whatdoyouneedto know to determineit?
distance is the total path somethingtravels while displacementisstraight line distance betweenstart & endpt
56. What iscentripetal acceleration?
an acceleration that causes an object to continue changing directionto move incircular motion
57. What are the twomain typesof friction?
kinetic:moving static: non-moving
Ch.12 Forces
58. What are Newton’s3Laws of Motion?
1st
Law: object at rest/inmotion keepsdoingwhat it’sdoing unlessa net/unbalancedforce isapplied
2nd
Law: unbalancedforce on an objectequals object’smass timesits acceleration
3rd
Law: for everyaction force there is an equal and opposite reactionforce
59. What isterminal velocity?
velocityat whichan objectfallswhen gravity and air resistance equalize onan object fallingto Earth
60. What isinertia?Whatdoesit dependon?
tendencyof an object to keepdoingwhat it’s doing,dependsonmass ofobject; more mass = more inertia
61. What isfree fall?
only force acting on an objectis gravity
62. What determinesanobject’smomentum?
its mass and velocity
63. What isthe difference betweenweightandmass?
weightdependson gravity so you have a differentweighton Earth vs moon while mass doesn’tchange
Ch.13 Work & Energy
64. What ispower?
rate at which work is done
65. What are the twofamiliesof simplemachines?
leverand inclinedplane
66. How manyclasses are levers dividedinto? 3
67. How doesthe inputforce compare to the outputforce whenusinga ramp?
input force is lessthan the output force
68. What isenergy?
measure of the abilityto do work
69. Describe howa person’senergychangesforms whiletheyare swingingona swing.
Whenat max height:all potential energy;on way down PE is changing into KE, at bottom of path all KE
70. What isa machine?
a device that can multiplyand change the directionof an input force
71. What do we call the sum of an object’skineticandpotentialenergies?
mechanical energy

4. 72. What do we call the energydue to motion?
kineticenergy
73. What do we call the energyof an objectdue to itsposition,shape,orcondition?
potential energy
74. What do we call energythatliesat the level of atomsandthat doesnotaffectmotionona large scale?
non-mechanical energy