Semisolid and transdermal Dosage Forms.pptx

1. Semisolid and Transdermal
dosage forms

2. DEFINITION
Ointments - semisolid dosage forms for external
application to the skin or mucus membranes.
Medicated (Treatment) or
non medicated (Protectant).
Ointment Ointment

3. INGREDIENTS
Bases
•Oleaginous i.e. Petrolatum USP, Yellow ointment USP etc
•Absorption (w/o)Hydrophilic Petrolatum USP, Lanolin USP
•Water removable (o/w) Hydrophilic Ointment USP,
•Water soluble (greaseless) PEG 3350/400 NF
Active Ingredients (Drug/s)
Preservatives (Benzoate)
Colorant
Ointment

4. METHOD OF PREPARATION
• Incorporation Method. All the ingredients are added into
the machine/mixer/homogenizer with rotating blades and
allowed for specific time to mix well, to form a uniform
mixture. Heating may be required to melt some
ingredients.
• Fusion Method. All the bases are heated until liquefied
and mixed together with the help of mechanical stirring
until mix properly. The mixture is then cool down to form a
solid mass. The remaining ingredients are added with time
and according to heat sensitivity.
Ointment

5. THE OINTMENT MANUFACTURING PLANTS ARE IDEAL TOOLS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OF OINTMENT, CREAM, LOTIONS, TOOTH PASTE & OTHER
EMULSIONS & HOMOGENIZATIONS.
Ointment

6. Ointment

7. ROLLER RUBBER THE OINTMENT
1. Parallel and horizontal rotary
shaft-rollers with a smooth surface
2. Hopper
3. Scraper to remove the ointment
Rollers rotate at different speed -
38 rpm,
16 rpm
6.5 rpm
Ointment

8. HOMOGENIZER (COLLOIDAL MILL)
Ointment

9. PACKAGING
Filling in the containers
Sealing of the container
Light resistant containers for sensitive products
Stored/packed in wide mouth Jars, Tubes and Syringes
Syringes/Tubes are especially used for ophthalmic ointments
Proper labelling of the container
Information regarding product/bases
Ointment

10. GELS
Semisolid system consisting of dispersions of small or large
molecules in an aqueous liquid vehicle rendered jellylike by
the addition of a gelling agent.
Single Phase Gels: Macromolecules are uniformly distributed
with no apparent boundaries b/w the dispersed
macromolecules and the liquid.
Two phase Gels: There are floccules of small distinct particles
and visible. These are often called magmas i.e. Magnesium
hydroxide gels
Gels are some times called Jellies

11. INGREDIENTS
Active substance
Liquid Vehicles
Gelling agent ( CMC, HPMC, Gums i.e Tragacanth)
Preservatives (Methylparabin / propyleparabin)
Buffering agents
Stabilizers i.e. edetate disodium
Gels

12. METHOD OF PREPARATION
Propeller Mixer:
Colloidal Mill:
Gels

13. PACKAGING
Packed in wide mouth Jars/containers/Tubes
Gels

14. PASTE
Same as ointment except with more concentration of solids
i.e. 25%
Applied to body exterior
More stiffer than ointments
Prepared by the same method as ointment but size reduction
may be an additional step
Due to stiffness, stay on the part applied and absorb
secretions but not suitable for body part with hair.
Zinc Oxide paste with starch and white petrolatum

15. SPRAYS
Pressurized dosage form that emit specific amount of drug
dispersion (liquid/solid) upon actuation.
Aerosols body consist of container and value, contain
propellant (propane / isobutene) and the active.
Ingredients
Propellant (Liquid/Gas)
Active ingredient/Product (Liquid/Solid)

16. FILLING METHODS
Cold Filling:
Propellant is liquefied at -35 to -40 degree.
The product is filled into container along with propellant and valve is
fitted/crimped on the container.
If chances of contamination/oxidation, air is removed by nitrogen spraying
or gas propellant and then filled the container.
Pressure Filling: The container is filled to product concentrate and the valve
on container is fitted. The propellant is filled into the container due to
difference in pressure.
Packaging:
Almost packed during filling/manufacturing process.
Additional cap is put on the valve for protection and safety.
Proper label with necessary precautions/instruction is pasted on the
container.
Sprays

17. SACHETS
Pouch with unit dose.
The materials is filled in the pouch in metered quantity.
Then the pouch is sealed and cut with the help of cutter.

18. PATCHES
External use on skin only
Consist of Backing/support, with drug reservoir, release
controller, adhesive material and release liner.
Method of Prep: Each part is placed randomly, sealed and cut at
specific points by cutter.

19. IMPLANTS
Sterile solid dosage form, Usually consist of drug and rate
controlling excipients
Method of Prep: prepared by melting, compression or
sintering.

20. PLASTERS
Solid or semi solid adhesive masses, spread on a backing of
paper, fabrics, moleskin or plastic material applied for
prolong contact to the skin. The materials used for adhesion
are rubber materials or synthetic resin.
Non-medicated provide protection or mechanical support.
Medicated plaster provide effect at the site of action i.e.
Salicylic acid plaster (10-40%)

21. SUTURE
Threads especially prepared and sterilized for use in surgery.
Sutures are used to bind tissues together while ligature are used for
binding blood vessels
These are either absorbable (Biodegraded in the body, i.e. Catgut,
Kangroo Tendon, Facia Lata)
Non-absorbable those remain in body as implants or encapsulated by
tissues (silk, linen, nylon, cottons etc.)

22. SUTURE
Surgical Catgut:
Derived from the Mammals/sheep intestine (Start 7-8 mtr)
Splitted the cut intestine and remove the inner part except submucosa.
Cleaning of submucosa in an alkaline solution with slimming machine
Spinning is also carried out in alkaline solution.
Polishing of the strands is carried out carefully.
Gauging as per requirement of the manufacturer.
Sterilization by heat, chemicals or radiations.
Labeling of the container with necessary information, i.e. strand length,
gauge number and precautions.