This document provides an introduction to semiotic analysis, which is the study of signs. It explains the theories of Saussure and Barthes on how signs are interpreted. Saussure described the process as involving a sign, signifier, and signified. Barthes looked at it as involving a sign, denotation (literal meaning), and connotation (deeper meaning). The document uses examples of the word "cat" and a red rose to illustrate these concepts.