Sakshi Shah conducted a seminar on different diagnostic methods and tests in pathology guided by Dr. Rohini Thakare and Dr. Sachin Agrawal. The seminar covered various lab tests including HB test, laboratory diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction using troponin tests, fine needle aspiration biopsy, Widal test, gram staining for diagnosis of infections, laboratory diagnosis of malaria, diabetes, pyogenic meningitis, BTCT, lepromin test, renal function tests, VDRL test for syphilis, and urine examination.

1. SEMINAR
CONDUCTED BY: SAKSHI SHAH
2ND YEAR BHMS
GUIDED BY: DR. ROHINI THAKARE
AND DR. SACHIN AGRAWAL

2. TOPIC :
DIFFERENT DIAGNOSTIC
METHODS AND TESTS IN
PATHOLOGY
HB TEST
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE
MYOCARDIAL INFRACTION.
FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY.
WIDAL TEST
GRAM STATINING .
LAB DIAGNOSIS OF MALARIA.
LAB DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETES MELLITUS.
CSF FINDING IN PYOGENIC MENINGITIS.
BTCT
LEPRAMINE TEST
RENAL FUNCTION TEST
VDRL TEST
URINE EXAMINATION
LAB DIAGNOSIS OF ECOLI .
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3. HBTEST
A hemoglobin test measures the levels of hemoglobin in your
blood. Hemoglobin is a protein in your red blood cells that carries
oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body. If your
hemoglobin levels are abnormal, it may be a sign that you have a
blood disorder.
What is it used for?
A hemoglobin test is often used to check for anemia, a condition
in which your body has fewer red blood cells than normal. If you
have anemia, the cells in your body don't get all the oxygen they
need. Hemoglobin tests are measured as part of a complete
blood count (CBC).
What do the results mean?
There are many reasons your hemoglobin levels may not be in the
normal range.
Low hemoglobin levels may be a sign of:
Different types of anemia
Thalassemia
Iron deficiency
Liver disease
Cancer and other diseases
High hemoglobin levels may be a sign of:
Lung disease
Heart disease
Polycythemia vera, a disorder in which your body makes too many
red blood cells. It can cause headaches, fatigue, and shortness of
breath.
If any of your levels are abnormal, it doesn't always mean you have
a medical condition that needs treatment. Diet, activity level,
medicines, a menstrual period, and other factors can affect the
results. You may also have higher than normal hemoglobin levels if
you live in a high altitude area.

4. LABORATORYDIAGNOSISOFACUTEMYOCARDIAL
INFRACTION.
Heart attack
Also called: myocardial infarction.
A blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle.
A heart attack is a medical emergency. A heart
attack usually occurs when a blood clot blocks
blood flow to the heart. Without blood, tissue
loses oxygen and dies.
What lab tests confirm myocardial
infarction?
Cardiac Troponin I or Troponin T - which are
both very sensitive and specific and are the
recommended laboratory tests for the
diagnosis of MI.
what is Troponin I and Troponin T test?
A troponin test measures the levels of
troponin T or troponin I proteins in the
blood. These proteins are released when
the heart muscle has been damaged,
such as occurs with a heart attack. The
more damage there is to the heart, the
greater the amount of troponin T and I
there will be in the blood.

5. FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY
what is fine needle aspiration
biopsy?
During a fine needle aspiration
(FNA), a small amount of
breast tissue or fluid is
removed from a suspicious
area with a thin, hollow needle
and checked for cancer cells.
Applications of needle aspiration biopsy
1] palpable mass lesions -
a] lymph node .
b] breast
c]thyroid
d] salivary glands
e]soft tissue masses
f] bones

6. Non palpable mass lesions in-
a]Abdominal cavity
liver mass.
pancreatic mass
retroperitonel masses
b]Thorasic cavity masses-
lung mass
mediastinum mas
c]Scrotal FNAC

7. widal test
The Widal test measures the capacity of antibodies
against LPS and flagella in the serum of individuals
with suspected typhoid fever to agglutinate cells of S.
Typhi;
What is Widal test positive?
Widal test positive values indicate that the person has the Salmonella
enterica serovar typhi bacterial infection. In the typhoid report positive,
both O and H antigen titres are present. S typhi O positive means active
infection of typhoid fever

8. What is meant by Gram staining?
A Gram stain is a test that checks for bacteria at the site of a suspected infection such
as the throat, lungs, genitals, or in skin wounds. Gram stains may also be used to check
for bacteria in certain body fluids, such as blood or urine.
gram
staining

9. Malaria parasites can be identified by examining under the microscope a drop of the
patient's blood, spread out as a “blood smear” on a microscope slide. Prior to
examination, the specimen is stained (most often with the Giemsa stain) to give the
parasites a distinctive appearance.
lab diagnosis of malaria
malarial diagnosis
.clinical diagnosis
malarial blood smear
fluorescent microscopy
antigen detection
serology
PCR

10. Quality
Service
VDRL TEST
Venereal disease research laboratory test
Diagnostic test
The VDRL test is a screening test for syphilis. It measures substances (proteins), called
antibodies, which your body may produce if you have come in contact with the bacteria
that cause syphilis. Blood is drawn from a vein (venipuncture), usually from the inside of
the elbow or the back of the hand.
The cause of syphilis is a bacterium called Treponema pallidum. The most common way
syphilis is spread is through contact with an infected person's sore during sexual
activity. The bacteria enter the body through minor cuts or abrasions in the skin or
mucous membranes.

11. CSF finding of pyogenic meningitis.

12. BTCT
it is a laboratory method for diagnostic bleeding time and clotting time
FACTORS INCREASING
BLEEDING TIME

13. What is lepromin test?
The lepromin skin test is used to determine what type of leprosy a person has. Leprosy
is caused by the organism Mycobacterium leprae. The leprosy test involves injection of
an antigen just under the skin to determine if your body has a current or recent leprosy
infection.
LEPROMINE
TEST

14. RENAL FUNCTION TEST
Renal function tests (RFT) are a group of tests that may be performed together to
evaluate kidney (renal) function. The tests measure levels of various substances,
including several minerals, electrolytes, proteins, and glucose (sugar), in the blood to
determine the current health of the kidneys.

15. THANK
YOU