palladium
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Palladium is a platinum group metal discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston. It has many industrial and scientific uses such as in catalytic converters, fuel cells, electronics, dentistry, jewelry, and medicine. Global palladium production was around 5,650 ounces in 2012 and 5,740 ounces in 2013, with South Africa being the largest producer. Palladium has advantages for applications requiring a white metal that is durable, affordable and malleable, but it is not very abundant in nature.
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Cad
Cadmium is a rare element discovered in 1817 by Frederick Strohmeyer as a byproduct of purifying zinc carbonate. It is found in small quantities as a minor component in most zinc ores. Cadmium is used primarily in batteries, plating, coatings, jewelry, television color tubes, and semiconductors, though its use has been reduced due to environmental concerns over its high toxicity.
Cad
Cadmium is a rare, stable element discovered in 1817 by Frederick Strohmeyer. It is found in small quantities as a minor component in most zinc ores and is used mostly in batteries, jewelry, coatings, and plating, as well as for color tubes in televisions and as a semiconductor.
New progress in palladium catalyzed coupling reactions
The document summarizes several palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions including the Heck reaction, Suzuki reaction, Negishi coupling, Stille reaction, Buchwald-Hartwig amination, Sonogashira coupling, Hiyama coupling, and Fukuyama coupling. It lists the reactants and products of each reaction and provides brief descriptions of the reaction mechanisms and conditions. The document also discusses new progress in optimizing these important coupling reactions.
Platinum
Platinum is a rare silvery-white transition metal that is mined in Russia and South Africa. It has been used for decorative purposes for over 3,000 years. Platinum is highly resistant to corrosion and stable at high temperatures, making it valuable for industrial applications like catalytic converters and fuel cells. The largest uses of platinum today are in autocatalysts for emissions control and jewelry, together consuming over 70% of the global supply. Platinum is refined through a complex extraction process from ores where it is found alongside other platinum group metals.
Precious elements found on earth and their uses
Rhodium, platinum, gold, and osmium are precious metals found on Earth. Rhodium is used in catalytic converters, platinum is used in catalytic converters and jewelry, gold is used in jewelry, coins, and electronics, and osmium is used as a catalyst.
nium 3.pptx
Titanium is extracted from its two most common ores, rutile and ilmenite. Rutile has a tetragonal crystal structure and is the preferred polymorph of titanium dioxide. Ilmenite is an iron-titanium oxide mineral. Titanium is extracted from these ores through chlorination to produce titanium tetrachloride, which is then purified and reduced, often using magnesium or sodium, to produce titanium sponge. Titanium has a variety of applications due to its high strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance, including use in aircraft, armor, ships, and prosthetics.
otitanium 4.pptx
The document discusses the extraction of titanium from its main ores, rutile and ilmenite. It describes the discovery and properties of titanium. The Kroll process is discussed as the primary industrial process for extracting titanium by reducing titanium tetrachloride into sponge titanium. Applications of titanium include use in aircraft, missiles, spacecraft, and chemicals due to its high strength-to-density ratio and corrosion resistance.
on-extraction-of-titanium 5.pptx
The document discusses the extraction of titanium from its main ores, rutile and ilmenite. It describes the discovery and properties of titanium. The Kroll process is discussed as the primary industrial process for extracting titanium by reducing titanium tetrachloride into sponge titanium. Applications of titanium include use in aircraft, missiles, spacecraft, and chemicals due to its high strength-to-density ratio and corrosion resistance.
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Cad
Cadmium is a rare element discovered in 1817 by Frederick Strohmeyer as a byproduct of purifying zinc carbonate. It is found in small quantities as a minor component in most zinc ores. Cadmium is used primarily in batteries, plating, coatings, jewelry, television color tubes, and semiconductors, though its use has been reduced due to environmental concerns over its high toxicity.
Cad
Cadmium is a rare, stable element discovered in 1817 by Frederick Strohmeyer. It is found in small quantities as a minor component in most zinc ores and is used mostly in batteries, jewelry, coatings, and plating, as well as for color tubes in televisions and as a semiconductor.
New progress in palladium catalyzed coupling reactions
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Platinum
Platinum is a rare silvery-white transition metal that is mined in Russia and South Africa. It has been used for decorative purposes for over 3,000 years. Platinum is highly resistant to corrosion and stable at high temperatures, making it valuable for industrial applications like catalytic converters and fuel cells. The largest uses of platinum today are in autocatalysts for emissions control and jewelry, together consuming over 70% of the global supply. Platinum is refined through a complex extraction process from ores where it is found alongside other platinum group metals.
Precious elements found on earth and their uses
Rhodium, platinum, gold, and osmium are precious metals found on Earth. Rhodium is used in catalytic converters, platinum is used in catalytic converters and jewelry, gold is used in jewelry, coins, and electronics, and osmium is used as a catalyst.
nium 3.pptx
Titanium is extracted from its two most common ores, rutile and ilmenite. Rutile has a tetragonal crystal structure and is the preferred polymorph of titanium dioxide. Ilmenite is an iron-titanium oxide mineral. Titanium is extracted from these ores through chlorination to produce titanium tetrachloride, which is then purified and reduced, often using magnesium or sodium, to produce titanium sponge. Titanium has a variety of applications due to its high strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance, including use in aircraft, armor, ships, and prosthetics.
otitanium 4.pptx
The document discusses the extraction of titanium from its main ores, rutile and ilmenite. It describes the discovery and properties of titanium. The Kroll process is discussed as the primary industrial process for extracting titanium by reducing titanium tetrachloride into sponge titanium. Applications of titanium include use in aircraft, missiles, spacecraft, and chemicals due to its high strength-to-density ratio and corrosion resistance.
on-extraction-of-titanium 5.pptx
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Learning English Through Science - Eunice's Paladium Presentation
Palladium is a rare silvery-white metal discovered in 1803. It is primarily found in Russia, South Africa, and North America, where it is extracted as a byproduct of nickel and platinum mining. Palladium is mainly used industrially in catalytic converters, jewelry, electronics, and dentistry due to its resistance to corrosion. It is extracted through a complex process involving treatment with acids and precipitation of other metals. Palladium is regarded as non-toxic and plays a beneficial environmental role in catalytic converters, though it is present at low levels in the environment.
Platinum Element group
This document summarizes the platinum element group (PEG), which includes platinum and associated metals palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, and osmium. These metals have similar physical and chemical properties and are clustered together in the periodic table. The document outlines the geologic occurrence of PEGs, major production countries, and applications including jewelry, catalysts, fuel cells, glass manufacturing, and more. It also discusses PEG prices from 1992-2006 and production processes including mining, smelting, refining, precipitation, and separation of the individual platinum metals.
Platinum ppt preparated by mir hama 1
platinum element presentation prepared by
Muhammad Harbi student at salahadin university collage of science
Platinum ppt preparated by mir hama 1
Platinum is element 78 on the periodic table, with the symbol Pt. It is a transition metal found primarily in South Africa, Russia, Canada, and the US. Platinum has many industrial uses including in vehicle emissions control devices, jewelry, electronics, and glass. While it has value as an investment and in applications like jewelry, platinum's main value is in its industrial uses, especially in the automotive industry for catalytic converters that reduce emissions.
GALLIUM
Gallium was first predicted in 1871 and discovered in 1875. It is extracted as a byproduct of aluminum and zinc production from bauxite and sphalerite ores. Gallium does not exist freely in nature. It has a low melting point slightly above room temperature and is used in integrated circuits, LEDs, solar panels, medical thermometers, and mirrors due to its semiconductor and alloying properties.
Cadmium Toxicity.pptx
Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal that occurs naturally and is used industrially. It can cause health effects when inhaled or ingested through contaminated food, water, air or tobacco smoke. Cadmium poisoning can damage the kidneys and bones and cause cancer. It accumulates in the body over time. Diagnosis involves testing urine or blood for cadmium levels. Treatment focuses on chelation therapy to remove cadmium from the body. Prevention efforts include reducing cadmium emissions, promoting recycling to limit industrial exposure, and controlling tobacco use.
Aluminum Group
The document discusses the aluminum group of elements, which includes boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium, and ununtrium. Most of the elements in the group are soft metals found naturally as compounds rather than in elemental form. Boron and aluminum are discussed in more detail, including their discovery dates, common uses, thermal properties, and isotopes.
Germanium (Brandy Ashcraft)
Germanium was first proposed in 1871 and discovered in 1886 by German chemist Clemens Winkler. It is a brittle metalloid that is a semiconductor. It is used in electronics, fiber optics, and infrared optics due to its conductivity and transparency to infrared radiation. The largest use is in the semiconductor industry for making transistors.
Cadmium
Cadmium is a soft, bluish-white metal that is toxic and carcinogenic. It occurs naturally in zinc ores and is produced as a byproduct of zinc smelting. Cadmium is used in batteries, pigments, plastics, and other applications. Long-term exposure can cause kidney and lung damage and cancer in humans. The main sources of human exposure are burning fossil fuels, waste incineration, and contaminated food and water from industrial pollution.
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ALUMINUM OF PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS
ALUMINUM
THE 13TH ELEMENT IN THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS
*WHAT IS ALUMINUM?
- Aluminum derives its name from alum. The Latin name for alum is 'alumen' meaning bitter salt. Note on Naming: Sir Humphry Davy proposed the name aluminum for the element, however, the name aluminium was adopted to conform with the "ium" ending of most elements. This spelling is in use in most countries.
Aluminium was also the spelling in the U.S. until 1925, when the American Chemical Society officially decided to use the name aluminum instead.
*WHO DISCOVERED ALUMINUM?
-Hans Christian Oersted
*FACTS ABOUT OERSTED
-Hans Christian Oersted launched a new epoch in science when he discovered that electricity and magnetism are linked.
He showed by experiment that an electric current flowing through a wire could move a nearby magnet.
The discovery of electromagnetism set the stage for the eventual development of our modern technology-based world.
Oersted also discovered the chemical compound piperine and achieved the first isolation of the element aluminum.
ALUMINUM BASIC FACTS:
Symbol: Al Atomic Number: 13 Atomic Weight:26.981539 Element Classification Basic Metal CAS Number: 7429-90-5
Aluminum Periodic Table Location
Group: 13 Period: 3 Block: p
ALUMINUM PHYSICAL DATA
State at room temperature (300 K): Solid Appearance: soft, light, silvery white metal Density: 2.6989 g/cc Density at Melting Point: 2.375 g/cc Specific Gravity: 7.874 (20 °C) Melting Point: 933.47 K, 660.32 °C, 1220.58 °F
Boiling Point: 2792 K, 2519 °C, 4566 °F Critical Point: 8550 K Heat of Fusion: 10.67 kJ/mol Heat of Vaporization: 293.72 kJ/mol Molar Heat Capacity: 25.1 J/mol·K Specific Heat: 24.200 J/g·K (at 20 °C)
*Uses and properties
-Image explanation
Aircraft fuselages and aluminium foil are just two of the many and varied uses of this element.
-Appearance
Aluminium is a silvery-white, lightweight metal. It is soft and malleable.malleable.
ORGANIZATION MODERN PERIODIC TABLE
The document summarizes the organization and properties of the modern periodic table. It is organized into blocks that include metals, nonmetals, metalloids, representative elements, transition metals, and inner transition metals. Key points about the properties and common uses of elements in each block are provided, such as lithium used in batteries, calcium essential for bones, and the noble gases being colorless and nonreactive.
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原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
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Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
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Learning English Through Science - Eunice's Paladium Presentation
Palladium is a rare silvery-white metal discovered in 1803. It is primarily found in Russia, South Africa, and North America, where it is extracted as a byproduct of nickel and platinum mining. Palladium is mainly used industrially in catalytic converters, jewelry, electronics, and dentistry due to its resistance to corrosion. It is extracted through a complex process involving treatment with acids and precipitation of other metals. Palladium is regarded as non-toxic and plays a beneficial environmental role in catalytic converters, though it is present at low levels in the environment.
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Platinum ppt preparated by mir hama 1
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Platinum ppt preparated by mir hama 1
Platinum is element 78 on the periodic table, with the symbol Pt. It is a transition metal found primarily in South Africa, Russia, Canada, and the US. Platinum has many industrial uses including in vehicle emissions control devices, jewelry, electronics, and glass. While it has value as an investment and in applications like jewelry, platinum's main value is in its industrial uses, especially in the automotive industry for catalytic converters that reduce emissions.
GALLIUM
Gallium was first predicted in 1871 and discovered in 1875. It is extracted as a byproduct of aluminum and zinc production from bauxite and sphalerite ores. Gallium does not exist freely in nature. It has a low melting point slightly above room temperature and is used in integrated circuits, LEDs, solar panels, medical thermometers, and mirrors due to its semiconductor and alloying properties.
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Germanium (Brandy Ashcraft)
Germanium was first proposed in 1871 and discovered in 1886 by German chemist Clemens Winkler. It is a brittle metalloid that is a semiconductor. It is used in electronics, fiber optics, and infrared optics due to its conductivity and transparency to infrared radiation. The largest use is in the semiconductor industry for making transistors.
Cadmium
Cadmium is a soft, bluish-white metal that is toxic and carcinogenic. It occurs naturally in zinc ores and is produced as a byproduct of zinc smelting. Cadmium is used in batteries, pigments, plastics, and other applications. Long-term exposure can cause kidney and lung damage and cancer in humans. The main sources of human exposure are burning fossil fuels, waste incineration, and contaminated food and water from industrial pollution.
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This document discusses several important mineral resources found in Mexico and around the world. It provides details on the chemical symbol, atomic number, descriptions and common uses of gold, iron, lead, zinc, aluminum, uranium, mercury, silver, copper, platinum, carbon, nickel, nitrate, diamond, antimony, and titanium. The major producing countries of each mineral are also listed.
ALUMINUM OF PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS
ALUMINUM
THE 13TH ELEMENT IN THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS
*WHAT IS ALUMINUM?
- Aluminum derives its name from alum. The Latin name for alum is 'alumen' meaning bitter salt. Note on Naming: Sir Humphry Davy proposed the name aluminum for the element, however, the name aluminium was adopted to conform with the "ium" ending of most elements. This spelling is in use in most countries.
Aluminium was also the spelling in the U.S. until 1925, when the American Chemical Society officially decided to use the name aluminum instead.
*WHO DISCOVERED ALUMINUM?
-Hans Christian Oersted
*FACTS ABOUT OERSTED
-Hans Christian Oersted launched a new epoch in science when he discovered that electricity and magnetism are linked.
He showed by experiment that an electric current flowing through a wire could move a nearby magnet.
The discovery of electromagnetism set the stage for the eventual development of our modern technology-based world.
Oersted also discovered the chemical compound piperine and achieved the first isolation of the element aluminum.
ALUMINUM BASIC FACTS:
Symbol: Al Atomic Number: 13 Atomic Weight:26.981539 Element Classification Basic Metal CAS Number: 7429-90-5
Aluminum Periodic Table Location
Group: 13 Period: 3 Block: p
ALUMINUM PHYSICAL DATA
State at room temperature (300 K): Solid Appearance: soft, light, silvery white metal Density: 2.6989 g/cc Density at Melting Point: 2.375 g/cc Specific Gravity: 7.874 (20 °C) Melting Point: 933.47 K, 660.32 °C, 1220.58 °F
Boiling Point: 2792 K, 2519 °C, 4566 °F Critical Point: 8550 K Heat of Fusion: 10.67 kJ/mol Heat of Vaporization: 293.72 kJ/mol Molar Heat Capacity: 25.1 J/mol·K Specific Heat: 24.200 J/g·K (at 20 °C)
*Uses and properties
-Image explanation
Aircraft fuselages and aluminium foil are just two of the many and varied uses of this element.
-Appearance
Aluminium is a silvery-white, lightweight metal. It is soft and malleable.malleable.
ORGANIZATION MODERN PERIODIC TABLE
The document summarizes the organization and properties of the modern periodic table. It is organized into blocks that include metals, nonmetals, metalloids, representative elements, transition metals, and inner transition metals. Key points about the properties and common uses of elements in each block are provided, such as lithium used in batteries, calcium essential for bones, and the noble gases being colorless and nonreactive.
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Learning English Through Science - Eunice's Paladium Presentation
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Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...
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3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia哪里办理(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历原版一模一样
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
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1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
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palladium
- 2. * Discovered in 1803. BY William Hyde Wollaston. It is Platinum group metal. Traces in Hieroglyphic. Discovered Rhodium.
- 3. * Astronomy (Dark lines in solar spectrum) Biochemistry(Discovered Cystine, the first amino acid) Physiology(First postulate that human hearing is limited to certain frequencies) Physics(Atomic theory of crystallography) Went public about Pallladium in February 1805
- 4. * Michalel Faradday used in fuel cell Catalytic converter Fuel cell
- 5. Production in 2012 4090 800 310 340 110 South Africa Russia North America Zimbabwe Others Total : 5650 Numbers are in ounces
- 6. Production in 2013 4120 780 315 400 110 South Africa Russia North amerca Zimbabwe Others Total:5740 Numbers are in ounces
- 7. * Grinding Nickel Atmospheric leach circuit Iron removal circuit Nickel crystallizer Copper dissolve autoclave Selenium/Tellurium Removal Copper Electro winning Batch polish autoclave PGM filtration
- 8. * Palladium Auto Catalysts Electronics Dental Science Jewelry Chemical and Agriculture Food Preservation Fuel cell Petroleum Refinery Photography Water Treatment Hydrogen Purification Medicine
- 9. * It reduces 90% of harmful gases. It is implemented in USA, Europe,Japan Yet to be Introduce in Brazil, India, China
- 10. * MLCC-Multi Layer Chip Capacitor. HIC-Hybrid Integrated Circuit. Plating
- 11. * Uses Oxygen as Fuel. It is supplied Externally. They never run out. Used in space craft. Gives heat and pure water as byproduct.
- 12. * In Treatment of cancer.
- 13. * It's Light It Has A Uniform Color It's Durable It's Cheap It's Malleable
- 14. * It is not popular. It is not abundant in nature.
- 15. * Wollaston, W. H. (1804). “On a New Metal, Found in Crude Patina”. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 94: 419–430. doi:10.1098/rstl.1804.0019. Wollaston, W. H. (1805). “On the Discovery of Palladium; With Observations on Other Substances Found with Patina”. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 95: 316–330. doi:10.1098/rstl.1805.0024. http://www.ehow.com/list_6495559_benefits-palladium_.html http://www.precious-metal.net/palladium/disadvantages-of-palladium- investment/ http://www.miningoilgasjobs.com.au/mining/rocks,-metals--- gems/metals/palladium.aspx www.palladiuminternationalalliance.com