The document summarizes a student's seminar presentation on the comparative pharmacokinetics study of Ginseng fruit, Ginkgo biloba plant extract, and the drug Isoniazid using a proliposome delivery system. The presentation introduces the materials and methods used in the study, including the preparation of proliposome formulations for each component and analytical techniques. Results are discussed relating to pharmacokinetic properties, particle size, solid state characterization, and aerosol performance of the formulations. The conclusion states that the proliposome formulations improved absorption and bioavailability compared to ordinary tablets.

1. School of Health and Allied Sciences
Pokhara University
The comparative pharmacokinetics
study of Ginseng fruit, Ginkgo biloba
plant and drug Isoniazid inhalation
powder by a proliposome delivery
system.
Laxmi N. Neupane
Seven Semester, B. Pharm.
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Pokhara University, Lekhanath-12, Kaski Nepal
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2. School of Health and Allied Sciences
Pokhara University
Contents
Introduction
Material and Methods
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
References
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3. School of Health and Allied Sciences
Pokhara University
Introduction
 Liposome are the most promising and broadly applicable
of all the novel delivery systems.
 Need for development of proliposome: Stability
 Proliposome are dry, free-flowing granular products
composed of drug and phospholipids which upon addition
of water, disperse to form a multi-lamellar liposomal
suspension.
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4. School of Health and Allied Sciences
Pokhara University
Contd…
Ginseng Fruit Saponins (GFS)
 Chinese herbal medicine, highly used
 Saponins extracted: berry of ginseng
possess higher ginsenoside for
treating many disease.
Improvement bioavailability of GFS
 Phospholipids have the characteristics of excellent
biocompatibility and amphiphilicity, thus employed as
important pharmaceutical excipients.
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5. School of Health and Allied Sciences
Pokhara University
Contd…
Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE)
 living fossil tree
 Used medicinally for many centuries, benefits of GbE are
presumed to result from the synergistic effect of two distinct
groups of compounds: flavonoids and terpenoid.
Why Improvement oral bioavailabilities?
 The flavonoids are relatively low due to their poor solubility.
 Therefore, an oral proliposome formulation loaded with GbE
(GbP) was developed to enhance the absorption of ginkgo
flavonoids.
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6. School of Health and Allied Sciences
Pokhara University
Cont…
Isoniazid (INH)
 First-line hydrophilic antituberculosis agent
 Difficult to encapsulate in liposomes: Liposomes in
aqueous systems suffer from physical instability.
 Other potential liposome instabilities are sedimentation,
and aggregation or fusion of the liposomes during storage.
 Overcome this problem Isoniazid proliposome powders
for inhalation is required.
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7. School of Health and Allied Sciences
Pokhara University
Material and Methods
1. Chemicals, reagents and animals
For Ginseng fruit
 Ethyl acetate, acetonitrile,
methanol, ethyl acetate,
isopropanol and phosphoric
acid
 Sodium deoxycholate,
mannitol, anhydrous
ethanol, hydrochloric acid,
and other reagents of
analytical grade
For Ginko biloba extract
 Ethyl acetate, acetonitrile
and formic acid
 tablet with 40 mg of
G.biloba extract
 standardized composition
of 9.6 mg of flavonoids and
2.4 mg of terpene lactone
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8. School of Health and Allied Sciences
Pokhara University
Contd…
For Ginseng fruit
2. Preparation of P-GFS
3. Optimization of
proliposomes
4. HPLC analysis of
ginsenoside Re
5. Assay and determination
of entrapment efficiency
6. Measurement of particle
size and zeta potential of
the reconstituted
liposome
For Ginko biloba extract
2. Chromatographic and
mass spectrometry
conditions
3. Preparation of standards
and quality control
samples
4. Preparation of plasma
samples
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9. School of Health and Allied Sciences
Pokhara University
Contd…
For Ginseng fruit
7. Solid state
characterization
 Field emission-scanning
electron microscope (FE-SEM)
 Differential scanning
colorimetry (DSC)
 Fourier transform infrared (FT-
IR) spectroscopy
For Ginko biloba extract
5. Method validation
 Specificity and selectivity
 Sensitivity and linearity
 Accuracy and precision
 Matrix effect and extraction
recovery
 Dilution integrity
 Pharmacokinetic study
 Statistical analysis
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10. School of Health and Allied Sciences
Pokhara University
Contd…
For Ginseng fruit
8. In vitro release study
9. Oral bioavailability study
 Animals ( Wistar rat)
 Pharmacokinetic study
 Assay method
• UPLC-MS/MS analysis of ginsenoside Re in plasma. A Waters Acquity
UPLC system
• Sample preparation.
10. Data analysis
11. Stability studies
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11. School of Health and Allied Sciences
Pokhara University
Contd…
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Preparation of proliposome by spray drying method

12. School of Health and Allied Sciences
Pokhara University
Results and Discussion
1. Pharmacokinetics study
 Time of the maximum concentration (Tmax)
 The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax)
 The elimination half-time (T1/2)
 The area under concentration–time curve (AUC0-t)
 The plasma clearance (CL)
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Pokhara University
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Pokhara University
Contd…
2. Measurement of particle size and zeta potential of the
reconstituted liposomes
 Liposomes showed a size range of 275.4 ±10.74 nm
 The zeta potential value was 28.6 ±4.77 mV
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15. School of Health and Allied Sciences
Pokhara University
Contd…
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Size distribution (A) and (B) zeta potential distribution of the reconstituted liposomes

16. School of Health and Allied Sciences
Pokhara University
Contd…
3. Solid state charaterization
 Field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM):
The surface morphology of mannitol, GFS and
reconstituted liposomes were investigated by FE-SEM.
The reconstituted solution prepared by adding distilled
water into the powder of mannitol, GFS and P-GFS were
all dried naturally on the silicon wafer.
 Differential scanning colorimetry (DSC): the molecular
state of mannitol is evaluated.
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17. School of Health and Allied Sciences
Pokhara University
Contd…
4. Mass spectrophotometry
 UPLC-MS/MS : determination of compounds in biological
samples with improve sensitivity, selectivity and
specificity.
 The key parameter: capillary voltage, source voltage,
source temperature, desolvation temperature, cone gas
flow, desolvation gas flow, cone voltage and collision
energy were carefully optimized in both positive and
negative electrospray ionization modes.
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18. School of Health and Allied Sciences
Pokhara University
Contd…
5. Chromatography
 Chromatographic conditions were further optimized to
produce the best sensitivity, efficiency and
chromatographic peak shape.
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Pokhara University
Contd…
6. Aerosol Performance of Proliposome Powder
 INH-particles deposited on glass device, glass throat and
preseparator, thus overcome the problem mass median
aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) should be less than 5 µm in
order to reach the lower part of the respiratory tract.
 Fine particle fraction and MMAD will also depends on the
inhaler device.
 Microporous particles: more lipid content and high void
space, and may improve aerosol perfomance.
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20. School of Health and Allied Sciences
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Conclusion
 In this study, a drug delivery system of proliposome was
prepared with optimum conditions for oral administration
by the spray drying method.
 the results showing that the proliposome formulation had
a significant effect on absorption, elimination and
bioavailability of G. biloba flavonoids and terpenoid
lactones in comparison with the ordinary tablet.
 INH-proliposome exhibited better antimycobacterial
activity against M. bovis-infected AM than did free INH.
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21. School of Health and Allied Sciences
Pokhara University
References
 Hao F, He Y, Sun Y, Zheng B, Liu Y, Wang X, Zhang Y, Lee RJ, Teng L, Xie J
(2016), Improvement of oral availability of ginseng fruit saponin by a
proliposome delivery system containing sodium deoxycholate, Saudi Journal
of Biological Sciences, 23, 113-125.
 Zheng B, Xing G, Bi Y, Yan G, Wang J, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Ashraf M A, Xie J, (2016),
Comparative pharmacokinetics of a proliposome formulation of Ginkgo
biloba extract and Ginaton in rats by a sensitive ultra-performance liquid
chromatography-tendem mass spectrometry method, Biological Sciences, 23,
54-65
 Rojanarat W, Changsan N, Tawithong E, Pinsuwan S, Chan H K, Srichana T,
(2011), Isoniazid Proliposome Powders for Inhalation- Preparation,
Characterization and cell structure studies, International Journal of Molecular
Sciences, 12, 4414-4434
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22. School of Health and Allied Sciences
Pokhara University
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