The document discusses the impacts of industrialization and coal mining in Angul district, Odisha, India. It notes that the area has seen rapid growth in mining, power plants, and other heavy industries. This has led to increasing pollution, displacement of villagers, degradation of land and water resources, and threats to biodiversity. Specific concerns are raised about new coal mining proposals in the Chhendipada area that could negatively impact forests, farmland, and communities. Experts warn that the expanded mining will exacerbate existing water pollution issues and further degrade the environment of the region.
The village of Gadharkhai in Odisha is located near an aluminum smelting plant owned by NALCO that pollutes the area with fluoride. The pollution has caused health problems for villagers like brittle bones and damaged crops. Despite many protests, little action has been taken to address the pollution. Now, the villagers are demanding to be relocated due to the pollution. However, the Odisha government plans to greatly expand industrial activity in the region, including many new coal mines and power plants, which will vastly increase pollution and damage to water resources and livelihoods. This will exacerbate the existing pollution problems facing local communities.
Dirty Thar coal project versus environment friendly Kalabagh dam in Pakistan ...M Akram Niazi
The document summarizes the environmental impacts of pursuing the Thar coal project versus building the Kalabagh Dam in Pakistan. It notes that the coal project will pollute water, air, and land in Pakistan and neighboring countries, harming health, while the dam would provide clean energy and increase water resources without pollution. It also discusses how using coal will exacerbate global warming and sea level rise, worsening impacts on countries like Bangladesh and Maldives, while the dam could help counter these issues. It calls on governments in the region to encourage clean energy options like hydropower dams instead of the proposed coal project due to its significant health and environmental consequences.
Rampal and Sundarbans - Effects and Causes Sagar Dash
This a group presentation on Rampal project in Bangladesh. Describing the what is the major issue in Bangladesh will face by doing this project what will be there out come. How much impact on our environment also in our Economy.
Resources Of Odisha And Maharashtra | Art Integrated Project | Social Science...PritamPriyambadSahoo
Resources Of Odisha And Maharashtra a Social Science Art Integrated Project of CBSE Class 10.
A PowerPoint presentation Made By Pritam Priyambad Sahoo
For any queries, mail at pritamsahoo.edu@gmail.com
Thank You! :)
The document discusses the importance of conserving the Aravalli hills in Southern Haryana and Faridabad district. It notes that the Aravalli hills are a critical groundwater recharge zone, providing 20,00,000 litres of water per hectare annually worth Rs. 2 lakhs per year. Developing the hills would threaten the drinking water security of Delhi, Gurgaon and Faridabad, which are highly dependent on groundwater. The document urges zoning the Aravalli hills as a water recharge and forest conservation zone with no construction allowed, in line with the Regional Plan 2021 and Supreme Court orders. It highlights the ecological value of the hills in protecting from desertification,
The Rampal power station is a proposed 1320 megawatt coal-fired power plant located near the Sundarbans mangrove forest in Bangladesh. The plant is a joint project between Bangladesh and India, with financing from both countries' governments as well as loans. While the Bangladeshi government claims environmental precautions will be taken, opposition argues the plant will endanger the nearby Sundarbans world heritage site through pollution, coal transportation, and water usage. Experts and environmental groups are calling for the plant's relocation to protect the fragile ecosystem.
Niyamgiri : The Struggle of Dongria Kondh's against VedantaVikas Kumar
The Dongria Kondh tribe's struggle against Vedanta mining in the Niyamgiri Hills of Odisha. The tribe considers the hills sacred and worships the top as the seat of their god. Vedanta signed an agreement to mine bauxite from the hills for its aluminum refinery without considering the tribe's religious and cultural ties to the area. The tribe protested massive deforestation and the loss of their homes and livelihoods. International organizations supported the tribe's movement against Vedanta. The Indian Supreme Court ultimately empowered the local village councils to decide on the project, and all 12 councils unanimously rejected Vedanta's proposal, protecting the tribe's customary rights over Niyam
The document discusses the pros and cons of large dams constructed on the Narmada River in India. It notes that while the dams have increased irrigation and food production, leading to economic gains, they have also displaced many people, especially tribal communities, without adequate rehabilitation. Additionally, the costs of dams are often underestimated while benefits are overestimated. Environmental impacts include flooding of fertile land and increased silting which reduces dam lifespan. Overall, the impacts are mixed and controversial with both benefits and negative social and environmental consequences.
The village of Gadharkhai in Odisha is located near an aluminum smelting plant owned by NALCO that pollutes the area with fluoride. The pollution has caused health problems for villagers like brittle bones and damaged crops. Despite many protests, little action has been taken to address the pollution. Now, the villagers are demanding to be relocated due to the pollution. However, the Odisha government plans to greatly expand industrial activity in the region, including many new coal mines and power plants, which will vastly increase pollution and damage to water resources and livelihoods. This will exacerbate the existing pollution problems facing local communities.
Dirty Thar coal project versus environment friendly Kalabagh dam in Pakistan ...M Akram Niazi
The document summarizes the environmental impacts of pursuing the Thar coal project versus building the Kalabagh Dam in Pakistan. It notes that the coal project will pollute water, air, and land in Pakistan and neighboring countries, harming health, while the dam would provide clean energy and increase water resources without pollution. It also discusses how using coal will exacerbate global warming and sea level rise, worsening impacts on countries like Bangladesh and Maldives, while the dam could help counter these issues. It calls on governments in the region to encourage clean energy options like hydropower dams instead of the proposed coal project due to its significant health and environmental consequences.
Rampal and Sundarbans - Effects and Causes Sagar Dash
This a group presentation on Rampal project in Bangladesh. Describing the what is the major issue in Bangladesh will face by doing this project what will be there out come. How much impact on our environment also in our Economy.
Resources Of Odisha And Maharashtra | Art Integrated Project | Social Science...PritamPriyambadSahoo
Resources Of Odisha And Maharashtra a Social Science Art Integrated Project of CBSE Class 10.
A PowerPoint presentation Made By Pritam Priyambad Sahoo
For any queries, mail at pritamsahoo.edu@gmail.com
Thank You! :)
The document discusses the importance of conserving the Aravalli hills in Southern Haryana and Faridabad district. It notes that the Aravalli hills are a critical groundwater recharge zone, providing 20,00,000 litres of water per hectare annually worth Rs. 2 lakhs per year. Developing the hills would threaten the drinking water security of Delhi, Gurgaon and Faridabad, which are highly dependent on groundwater. The document urges zoning the Aravalli hills as a water recharge and forest conservation zone with no construction allowed, in line with the Regional Plan 2021 and Supreme Court orders. It highlights the ecological value of the hills in protecting from desertification,
The Rampal power station is a proposed 1320 megawatt coal-fired power plant located near the Sundarbans mangrove forest in Bangladesh. The plant is a joint project between Bangladesh and India, with financing from both countries' governments as well as loans. While the Bangladeshi government claims environmental precautions will be taken, opposition argues the plant will endanger the nearby Sundarbans world heritage site through pollution, coal transportation, and water usage. Experts and environmental groups are calling for the plant's relocation to protect the fragile ecosystem.
Niyamgiri : The Struggle of Dongria Kondh's against VedantaVikas Kumar
The Dongria Kondh tribe's struggle against Vedanta mining in the Niyamgiri Hills of Odisha. The tribe considers the hills sacred and worships the top as the seat of their god. Vedanta signed an agreement to mine bauxite from the hills for its aluminum refinery without considering the tribe's religious and cultural ties to the area. The tribe protested massive deforestation and the loss of their homes and livelihoods. International organizations supported the tribe's movement against Vedanta. The Indian Supreme Court ultimately empowered the local village councils to decide on the project, and all 12 councils unanimously rejected Vedanta's proposal, protecting the tribe's customary rights over Niyam
The document discusses the pros and cons of large dams constructed on the Narmada River in India. It notes that while the dams have increased irrigation and food production, leading to economic gains, they have also displaced many people, especially tribal communities, without adequate rehabilitation. Additionally, the costs of dams are often underestimated while benefits are overestimated. Environmental impacts include flooding of fertile land and increased silting which reduces dam lifespan. Overall, the impacts are mixed and controversial with both benefits and negative social and environmental consequences.
The document provides an introduction to the Oil and Gas Development Company Limited (OGDCL) in Pakistan. It discusses:
1) OGDCL is the largest exploration and production company in Pakistan, currently owned 95% by the government.
2) It was established in 1961 and converted to a public limited company in 1997.
3) OGDCL holds the largest share of Pakistan's oil and gas reserves at 37% of oil and 32% of gas.
4) The document also provides details on the geographical location, climate, ecology, and socioeconomic conditions of the Qadirpur gas field project area in Sindh Province.
Pakistan has a variety of natural resources including soil, water, forests, minerals, oil and gas. Soil quality varies by region and water resources are based on the Indus River system, though Pakistan faces water shortages. Forests cover only 4.8% of land but provide ecological benefits. Mineral resources include coal, gas, and oil. Coal reserves are extensive but low quality, while natural gas production is high but reserves are limited. Overall natural resources are important for Pakistan's economy and development but require sustainable utilization and management of shortages.
After the successful first auction of a gold mine in India, the country is preparing to auction its first diamond mine located in Madhya Pradesh. The 136-hectare Hatupur diamond block is estimated to contain around 60 million tonnes of kimberlite reserves holding 500 carats of diamonds. The mine has projected reserves valued at Rs. 106 crore and a lifespan of 25 years. Meanwhile, Vedanta Resources was the winning bidder for India's first auctioned gold mine, the Baghmara block in Chhattisgarh. Vedanta is a major natural resources company that operates aluminum, zinc, lead, copper and other metals and mining businesses globally. However, a year after India
The Odisha Government has decided to request that the central government denotify areas within coal zones where Mahanadi Coalfields Limited (MCL) has no plans for future mining operations. Over 60% of land in Angul and Jharsuguda districts is currently notified under the Coal Bearing Areas Act, but mining activities are taking place in only a small portion of this land. Villagers living in areas where no mining is occurring are deprived of development benefits. The state government will approach the central coal ministry to have unutilized lands denotified.
Energy resources can be classified as conventional (firewood, coal, petroleum, natural gas, electricity) or non-conventional (solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, biogas, nuclear). Coal and petroleum are India's most abundant and widely used conventional resources, providing substantial energy needs, while non-conventional sources are increasingly important to ensure future energy security and reduce environmental impacts.
This document summarizes various energy resources in India, including conventional sources like coal, petroleum, natural gas, and electricity, as well as non-conventional sources like solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, and nuclear energy. It describes the formation and types of coal, locations of coal and petroleum reserves, and how different types of energy are generated and used.
Water Quality of River Musi during 2012-2013, Telangana, IndiaIJERA Editor
The River Musi flows for about 256 Kms in Telangana from its origin of Ananthagiri Hills, Vikarabad to
confluence with River Krishna near Vajeerabad. The Lakes Osmansagar on Musi and Himayatsagar on Esi a
tributary of Musi are constructed in 1920, 1927 with catchments 738, 1311 Sq. Km and storage capacities 110.4,
84.02 MCM (Million Cubic Meters), respectively, after city of Hyderabad experiencing worst floods to River
Musi on 28th September 1908. Government of Andhra Pradesh had issued orders G.O.Ms.No.111, M.A., Dated
8
th March, 1996 for the protection of catchment areas, 10 Km radius of the full tank level of Himayatsagar and
Osmansagar Lakes. Many lakes/ tanks dug in centuries back for drinking and irrigation in the down stream
catchment in HMDA area are encroachments in lost five decades, and domestic / industrial increased demand of
water due to population explode make the drains joining to river course limited to River Musi for irrigation
throughout the year in down course. The TDS concentration in River Musi is increased more than three fold at
down stream of HMDA area against supply water (< 300 mg/L), indicate the volume of pollution.
The document discusses the negative effects of coal mining in Jharkhand, India. It notes that coal mining has led to land degradation, loss of biodiversity, water pollution, exposure of toxic substances, and disruption of local communities' livelihoods. A case study of Jharkhand highlights how mining in the region has contaminated water sources and increased water-borne diseases in local tribes, reducing average life expectancy. Women and children are particularly impacted by needing to travel long distances to access clean water and living in unhygienic conditions. Mining waste has polluted rivers with heavy metals like arsenic and manganese, posing health risks.
The document contains the study of the effects of coal mining in the state of Jharkhand in India. The unregulated coal mining has fully disrupted nature's stability. So many ecological issues has sprouted out due to 'merciless' mining. Overlooking the environmental concerns has been the primary factor for the lot of environmental repercussions. The degrading effects have also left its impacts on the social and cultural life of the tribal people.
Pakistan has a variety of natural and renewable resources. Its main natural resources include fertile land, water sources like rivers and lakes, forests, natural gas deposits and various minerals. Renewable energy resources that can generate power include hydropower from major dams, wind and solar energy. Thermal power is also generated from fossil fuels like gas, oil and coal as well as nuclear power from plants. However, Pakistan's needs exceed its domestic production of some resources like oil, requiring imports to meet demand. Overall its resources are important for development but require sustainable management.
The document summarizes the environmental impacts of tanneries located in Hazaribagh, Bangladesh. Over 400 tanneries produce untreated wastewater containing chromium and other pollutants that flow into the Buriganga River. This has contaminated the water and soil, threatening the health of local residents and aquatic life. The government has tried to relocate the tanneries for over a decade but delays in establishing a wastewater treatment plant and unwillingness of owners has prevented successful relocation.
Overview of Mining Operations, Impacts and Challenges in Papua New GuineaDr. Subramanyam Revanuru
1) Overview of Mining in Papua New Guinea
2) Surface Mining: OPENCAST MINING TECHNOLOGY
3) Drilling Operations
4) Transportation through Conveyor Belts
5) Environmental Impacts of Mining
6) Environmental Impact of Surface Mining
7) Contribution to Aquatic Pollution by PNG’s Mining Companies
8) Few more consequences of Unregulated Dumping of Mining Waste in Aquatic System
9) Contribution to Aquatic Pollution by PNG’s Mining Companies
10) Impacts of Sea Bed Mining
11) Mining Accidents in PNG
Overview of Mining Operations, Impacts and Challenges in Papua New GuineaDr. Subramanyam Revanuru
1) Overview of Mining in Papua New Guinea
2) Surface Mining: OPENCAST MINING TECHNOLOGY
3) Drilling Operations
4) Transportation through Conveyor Belts
5) Environmental Impacts of Mining
6) Environmental Impact of Surface Mining
7) Contribution to Aquatic Pollution by PNG’s Mining Companies
8) Few more consequences of Unregulated Dumping of Mining Waste in Aquatic System
9) Contribution to Aquatic Pollution by PNG’s Mining Companies
10) Impacts of Sea Bed Mining
11) Mining Accidents in PNG
Minerals And Energy Resources - Class 10 - GeographyAthira S
This Powerpoint Presentation is on the chapter Minerals and Energy Resources from Geography in Class 10 CBSE Board.
The information included is solely taken from the Class 10 Geography textbook.
NATURE’S GIFTS TO ORISSA AND THEIR EFFECTSVirajPradhan3
Odisha is the largest producer of iron ore in India, producing over half of the country's output. Major iron ore deposits are found in the Singhbhum-North Odisha region, which contains over 50% of India's reserves. The key iron ore mining areas in Odisha include Noamundi, Joda, Khondbond, Bolani, Barsua, Gua, Kiriburu. Thermal power generation using coal is a major source of electricity in Odisha. The Hirakud Dam provides flood control, irrigation and hydroelectric power, and is one of India's oldest multi-purpose river valley projects. The Konark Sun Temple was precisely constructed to align with the
Types of natural resources, natural resource conservation, Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources, Equitable use of
resources for sustainable lifestyles. 2. Land resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, Land resources: soil
erosion and desertification. 3. Natural Resources: Forest resources: Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies. Timber
extraction, mining, dams and their effects on forests and tribal people. 4. Natural Resources: Water resources: Use and over-utilization of
surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams-benefits and problems. 5. Natural Resources: Mineral resources:
Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources, case studies. 6. Natural Resources: Food
resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, Food resources effects of modern agriculture, fertilizerpesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case studies. 7. Natural Resources: Energy resources: Growing energy needs, Energy
L T P/S SW FW TOTAL
CREDIT
UNITS
2 - - 4 0 4
resources renewable and non-renewable energy sources, Energy resources use of alternate energy sources, case studies. 8. Role of
individual in conservation of natural resources 9. Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles.
This document discusses the management of natural resources. It begins by defining natural resources as things provided by nature that fulfill human needs, such as forests, wildlife, water, coal and petroleum. It then discusses various international and national organizations involved in environmental protection. The document outlines challenges around natural resource exploitation like pollution, population growth, and sustainability. It provides examples of sustainable management approaches like joint forest management and water harvesting techniques. In conclusion, it emphasizes that coal and petroleum are non-renewable and their combustion produces pollution, underscoring the need to transition to alternative energy sources.
The document summarizes information about the Lusi Mud Volcano disaster in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. It describes how the mud volcano began erupting in 2006 after drilling by Lapindo Brantas ruptured a gas exploration well. Vast amounts of mud continue to flow, burying homes and farmland over 1,500 hectares. Efforts to contain the flows have failed. The disaster has destroyed infrastructure and ecosystems, displacing over 75,000 people. Legal issues remain as victims have received limited compensation despite the volcanic flows being deemed a corporate crime caused by Lapindo Brantas.
MAPPING AND PROFILING OF FORESTS AND WETLANDS FOR CONSERVATION AND ...Nishat Sultana
This document summarizes the mapping and profiling of forests and wetlands in Kaliakoir, Gazipur for conservation and tourism purposes. It describes the unique topography of chalas (higher lands) and baids (valleys) in the deciduous forests, and notes that chalas are suitable for settlement and forestry while baids fill with water during rains. It also provides information on the types of forests and wetlands in the area, including the biodiversity found there. It discusses the history of forest management and changes over time, including various social forestry programs. It notes the importance of conserving the sal forests and managing them sustainably while limiting encroachment and alternative livelihoods. E
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
The document provides an introduction to the Oil and Gas Development Company Limited (OGDCL) in Pakistan. It discusses:
1) OGDCL is the largest exploration and production company in Pakistan, currently owned 95% by the government.
2) It was established in 1961 and converted to a public limited company in 1997.
3) OGDCL holds the largest share of Pakistan's oil and gas reserves at 37% of oil and 32% of gas.
4) The document also provides details on the geographical location, climate, ecology, and socioeconomic conditions of the Qadirpur gas field project area in Sindh Province.
Pakistan has a variety of natural resources including soil, water, forests, minerals, oil and gas. Soil quality varies by region and water resources are based on the Indus River system, though Pakistan faces water shortages. Forests cover only 4.8% of land but provide ecological benefits. Mineral resources include coal, gas, and oil. Coal reserves are extensive but low quality, while natural gas production is high but reserves are limited. Overall natural resources are important for Pakistan's economy and development but require sustainable utilization and management of shortages.
After the successful first auction of a gold mine in India, the country is preparing to auction its first diamond mine located in Madhya Pradesh. The 136-hectare Hatupur diamond block is estimated to contain around 60 million tonnes of kimberlite reserves holding 500 carats of diamonds. The mine has projected reserves valued at Rs. 106 crore and a lifespan of 25 years. Meanwhile, Vedanta Resources was the winning bidder for India's first auctioned gold mine, the Baghmara block in Chhattisgarh. Vedanta is a major natural resources company that operates aluminum, zinc, lead, copper and other metals and mining businesses globally. However, a year after India
The Odisha Government has decided to request that the central government denotify areas within coal zones where Mahanadi Coalfields Limited (MCL) has no plans for future mining operations. Over 60% of land in Angul and Jharsuguda districts is currently notified under the Coal Bearing Areas Act, but mining activities are taking place in only a small portion of this land. Villagers living in areas where no mining is occurring are deprived of development benefits. The state government will approach the central coal ministry to have unutilized lands denotified.
Energy resources can be classified as conventional (firewood, coal, petroleum, natural gas, electricity) or non-conventional (solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, biogas, nuclear). Coal and petroleum are India's most abundant and widely used conventional resources, providing substantial energy needs, while non-conventional sources are increasingly important to ensure future energy security and reduce environmental impacts.
This document summarizes various energy resources in India, including conventional sources like coal, petroleum, natural gas, and electricity, as well as non-conventional sources like solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, and nuclear energy. It describes the formation and types of coal, locations of coal and petroleum reserves, and how different types of energy are generated and used.
Water Quality of River Musi during 2012-2013, Telangana, IndiaIJERA Editor
The River Musi flows for about 256 Kms in Telangana from its origin of Ananthagiri Hills, Vikarabad to
confluence with River Krishna near Vajeerabad. The Lakes Osmansagar on Musi and Himayatsagar on Esi a
tributary of Musi are constructed in 1920, 1927 with catchments 738, 1311 Sq. Km and storage capacities 110.4,
84.02 MCM (Million Cubic Meters), respectively, after city of Hyderabad experiencing worst floods to River
Musi on 28th September 1908. Government of Andhra Pradesh had issued orders G.O.Ms.No.111, M.A., Dated
8
th March, 1996 for the protection of catchment areas, 10 Km radius of the full tank level of Himayatsagar and
Osmansagar Lakes. Many lakes/ tanks dug in centuries back for drinking and irrigation in the down stream
catchment in HMDA area are encroachments in lost five decades, and domestic / industrial increased demand of
water due to population explode make the drains joining to river course limited to River Musi for irrigation
throughout the year in down course. The TDS concentration in River Musi is increased more than three fold at
down stream of HMDA area against supply water (< 300 mg/L), indicate the volume of pollution.
The document discusses the negative effects of coal mining in Jharkhand, India. It notes that coal mining has led to land degradation, loss of biodiversity, water pollution, exposure of toxic substances, and disruption of local communities' livelihoods. A case study of Jharkhand highlights how mining in the region has contaminated water sources and increased water-borne diseases in local tribes, reducing average life expectancy. Women and children are particularly impacted by needing to travel long distances to access clean water and living in unhygienic conditions. Mining waste has polluted rivers with heavy metals like arsenic and manganese, posing health risks.
The document contains the study of the effects of coal mining in the state of Jharkhand in India. The unregulated coal mining has fully disrupted nature's stability. So many ecological issues has sprouted out due to 'merciless' mining. Overlooking the environmental concerns has been the primary factor for the lot of environmental repercussions. The degrading effects have also left its impacts on the social and cultural life of the tribal people.
Pakistan has a variety of natural and renewable resources. Its main natural resources include fertile land, water sources like rivers and lakes, forests, natural gas deposits and various minerals. Renewable energy resources that can generate power include hydropower from major dams, wind and solar energy. Thermal power is also generated from fossil fuels like gas, oil and coal as well as nuclear power from plants. However, Pakistan's needs exceed its domestic production of some resources like oil, requiring imports to meet demand. Overall its resources are important for development but require sustainable management.
The document summarizes the environmental impacts of tanneries located in Hazaribagh, Bangladesh. Over 400 tanneries produce untreated wastewater containing chromium and other pollutants that flow into the Buriganga River. This has contaminated the water and soil, threatening the health of local residents and aquatic life. The government has tried to relocate the tanneries for over a decade but delays in establishing a wastewater treatment plant and unwillingness of owners has prevented successful relocation.
Overview of Mining Operations, Impacts and Challenges in Papua New GuineaDr. Subramanyam Revanuru
1) Overview of Mining in Papua New Guinea
2) Surface Mining: OPENCAST MINING TECHNOLOGY
3) Drilling Operations
4) Transportation through Conveyor Belts
5) Environmental Impacts of Mining
6) Environmental Impact of Surface Mining
7) Contribution to Aquatic Pollution by PNG’s Mining Companies
8) Few more consequences of Unregulated Dumping of Mining Waste in Aquatic System
9) Contribution to Aquatic Pollution by PNG’s Mining Companies
10) Impacts of Sea Bed Mining
11) Mining Accidents in PNG
Overview of Mining Operations, Impacts and Challenges in Papua New GuineaDr. Subramanyam Revanuru
1) Overview of Mining in Papua New Guinea
2) Surface Mining: OPENCAST MINING TECHNOLOGY
3) Drilling Operations
4) Transportation through Conveyor Belts
5) Environmental Impacts of Mining
6) Environmental Impact of Surface Mining
7) Contribution to Aquatic Pollution by PNG’s Mining Companies
8) Few more consequences of Unregulated Dumping of Mining Waste in Aquatic System
9) Contribution to Aquatic Pollution by PNG’s Mining Companies
10) Impacts of Sea Bed Mining
11) Mining Accidents in PNG
Minerals And Energy Resources - Class 10 - GeographyAthira S
This Powerpoint Presentation is on the chapter Minerals and Energy Resources from Geography in Class 10 CBSE Board.
The information included is solely taken from the Class 10 Geography textbook.
NATURE’S GIFTS TO ORISSA AND THEIR EFFECTSVirajPradhan3
Odisha is the largest producer of iron ore in India, producing over half of the country's output. Major iron ore deposits are found in the Singhbhum-North Odisha region, which contains over 50% of India's reserves. The key iron ore mining areas in Odisha include Noamundi, Joda, Khondbond, Bolani, Barsua, Gua, Kiriburu. Thermal power generation using coal is a major source of electricity in Odisha. The Hirakud Dam provides flood control, irrigation and hydroelectric power, and is one of India's oldest multi-purpose river valley projects. The Konark Sun Temple was precisely constructed to align with the
Types of natural resources, natural resource conservation, Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources, Equitable use of
resources for sustainable lifestyles. 2. Land resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, Land resources: soil
erosion and desertification. 3. Natural Resources: Forest resources: Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies. Timber
extraction, mining, dams and their effects on forests and tribal people. 4. Natural Resources: Water resources: Use and over-utilization of
surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams-benefits and problems. 5. Natural Resources: Mineral resources:
Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources, case studies. 6. Natural Resources: Food
resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, Food resources effects of modern agriculture, fertilizerpesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case studies. 7. Natural Resources: Energy resources: Growing energy needs, Energy
L T P/S SW FW TOTAL
CREDIT
UNITS
2 - - 4 0 4
resources renewable and non-renewable energy sources, Energy resources use of alternate energy sources, case studies. 8. Role of
individual in conservation of natural resources 9. Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles.
This document discusses the management of natural resources. It begins by defining natural resources as things provided by nature that fulfill human needs, such as forests, wildlife, water, coal and petroleum. It then discusses various international and national organizations involved in environmental protection. The document outlines challenges around natural resource exploitation like pollution, population growth, and sustainability. It provides examples of sustainable management approaches like joint forest management and water harvesting techniques. In conclusion, it emphasizes that coal and petroleum are non-renewable and their combustion produces pollution, underscoring the need to transition to alternative energy sources.
The document summarizes information about the Lusi Mud Volcano disaster in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. It describes how the mud volcano began erupting in 2006 after drilling by Lapindo Brantas ruptured a gas exploration well. Vast amounts of mud continue to flow, burying homes and farmland over 1,500 hectares. Efforts to contain the flows have failed. The disaster has destroyed infrastructure and ecosystems, displacing over 75,000 people. Legal issues remain as victims have received limited compensation despite the volcanic flows being deemed a corporate crime caused by Lapindo Brantas.
MAPPING AND PROFILING OF FORESTS AND WETLANDS FOR CONSERVATION AND ...Nishat Sultana
This document summarizes the mapping and profiling of forests and wetlands in Kaliakoir, Gazipur for conservation and tourism purposes. It describes the unique topography of chalas (higher lands) and baids (valleys) in the deciduous forests, and notes that chalas are suitable for settlement and forestry while baids fill with water during rains. It also provides information on the types of forests and wetlands in the area, including the biodiversity found there. It discusses the history of forest management and changes over time, including various social forestry programs. It notes the importance of conserving the sal forests and managing them sustainably while limiting encroachment and alternative livelihoods. E
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
2. Angul, a centrally located district of Odisha covers a geographical area of 6232
square kilometer and lies between 20 31’ N and 20 40’ N Latitude, 84 15’ E and
85 23’ E Longitude.
The Angul- Talcher area in Odisha is a land rich in variety of resources and dense
forests.
In Angul- Talcher area, in recent years, intervention of human activities has been
very much noticed. Eg; Mining operation, thermal power plnats, aluminium and
steel plants, and other manufacturing industries and urban waste.
Rapid urbanization and industrialization during the last decade have provoked some
serious concerns for the environment of the Angul district.
This has cause environmental stress and atmospheric concentration levels of criteria
pollutants like particulate matters i.e.; suspended particulate matter, respirable
suspended particulate matter, sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen continue to pose
serious public health risk for sensitive pollution in this area.
3. The pollution levels in Angul- Talcher have been rising due to the continuous
increase in the industries both small scale and large scale, non road sources such as
construction activities as well as the increase in the number of vehicles.
Angul-Talcher area is one of the major industrial zone it includes open cast mines ,
power plants and aluminium smelter, sponge iron and steel plants have become
major sources of pollution in this area.
National Aluminum Company (NALCO), Mahanadi Coalfield Limited(MCL),
National Thermal Power Plant (NTPC), are the major public sector units and Jindal
steel & power limited (JSPL), Monet Ispat & Energy Limited are two major private
sectors units in this industrial belt.
Thus, the rapid industrialization and construction activities damage the environment
of the area because the industrial activities and other pollution causing entities are
added a unacceptable quantity of pollutants to the environment
4. Chhendipada area in Angul district of Odisha is marked by large patches of green cover
comprising forests of large tree species like Sal and others. The forest department has also
installed signboards at several areas on the Angul- Deogarh road crossing through
Chhendipada, warning (and also certifying) the travellers that these forests host elephants.
Notwithstanding the rich flora and fauna it harnesses, this zone, adjacent to the Bamur
Forest Range, is also rich in coal reserves and falls under the Talcher coalfield. Talcher
coalfield is known to be India’s largest repository of coal and often referred to as the
“black diamond” of the state.
Talcher region is known in the country for hosting the largest deposits of power grade
coal. According to Mahanadi Coalfield Ltd, a subsidiary of Coal India Ltd, Talcher
coalfield hosts the highest geological reserve of coal in India measuring upto 51.220
billion tonnes.
The coal from Talcher is supplied to southern and western Indian states for power
generation. The central government and the Odisha government are now working towards
developing rail lines between Talcher with Paradip port in Odisha to boost its
transportation to other states via sea-route.
5. In June Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the auction of 41 coal blocks of India to
boost the economy that was impacted by the corona virus outbreak. Of the 41, nine are
from Odisha and of those eight are in Angul district alone and fall under the Talcher
coalfield.
All these coal blocks like Chhendipada I, Chhendipada II, West Radhikapur and others
are almost adjacent to each other and pose the same threat to the rich biodiversity as well
as to the farming land which may soon be destroyed. But the question is whether the
transition will lead to any improvement in the lives of the local people.
“The soil of Chhendipada is fertile while it also has a good quality of forests,” Dilip
Sahu, a resident of Chhendipada and district president of Odisha Jungle Manch of Angul
district, told Mongabay- India. “It also has a good population of elephants, deer and wild
boars. Chhendipada landscape comprises farming as well as forest lands. Due to the coal
mining proposals, the greenery, human habitations are likely to vanish from the area like
the other big mines of Talcher.”
“Some people are raising their voice against coal mining and many are likely to give
away their land and villagers to the mining firms and government due to the better prices
of the land given for the prized land,” he said. “This area has already seen serious
opposition from people for some coal blocks like Machkutta for which the mining firm
had to backtrack.”
6. Sahu said that the forests of Chhendipada host elephants which are even seen in the
day while wild boar and deer are also rampant in the forest areas. He stated that sal
trees are predominantly present in the forest areas of the proposed coal blocks. In
2019, a leopard was also sighted in Chhendipada forests.
Forest clearance related documents of the Union Ministry of Environment, Forest
and Climate Change of an auctioned mined claimed that the region is home to plant
species such as acacia, bahada, barabakulia, mahul, teak, neem, eucalyptus and 15
other species. The vegetation there is classified as tropical moist deciduous forest
type.
Villagers of Chhendipada said that by the virtue of the underground coal reserves
and anticipation of land acquisition, the land prices in the area have gone up. Janaki
Sahoo, a villager from Barpada village said that land is an important wealth now for
the villagers.
“In the past few years, we have seen an escalation of prices of the land here,” Sahoo
told Mongabay-India. “Several people bought land there due to the rich coal
repository. Several middlemen emerged into the area and land became a new wealth
for the people of Chhendipada.”
7. Government to acquire land
With the learning from the earlier experiences of coal mining in Talcher, villagers
expect a large number of villages, farming land, forest lands to be taken away by the
government and the mining firms to pave way for the excavation of land for coal
mining. Most of the opencast coal mining planned for the area is set to degrade the
topsoil by drilling and causing massive in-depth blasting of the mining zone.
Close to 32000 acres (130 sq km) of land including 1,384 acres of forest land in the
nine coal blocks in Odisha have been chosen for allocation for commercial mining.
Experts claim that close to 15,000 families are likely to see displacement from their
original place due to the mining activities when the land would be acquired from
them. They also raise questions of the vanishing of local canals and adding pollution
burden to the nearby Brahmani river.
8. “Most of the coal blocks are located in densely populated areas fearing displacement
of at least 15,000 families,” Shankar Prasad Pani, a lawyer at the National Green
Tribunal, told Mongabay -India. “The government’s own data shows that many
small streams and nallas like Shingada, Goudani, Tikira, Gambhari which used to
feed the local agricultural land and the nearby rivers will vanish for all time to come
and have an impact on the major rivers like Brahmani.”
Experts point to the impact that the proposed mining can have on nearby water
bodies.
“Brahmani River is the most polluted river in Odisha which passes through Angul
district and the prime reason for this is coal mining,” Ranjan Panda, a water expert
from Odisha, told Mongabay-India. “The new proposed mining in nine new blocks
will add to the water scarcity in the region. A number of local streams draining into
Brahmani are most likely to be lost forever into the mining areas, affecting the water
availability and quality of water of Brahmani.”
9. He said that at a time when India committed towards promotion of renewable energy in
the Paris Agreement, it should refrain from relying largely on coal for energy. “Coal
mining has serious implications on the groundwater levels, local water bodies and the
ecology,” Panda said. “It paves the way to make the region water-scarce besides its
potential to cause air pollution.”
Lessons from the past
At present, there are 10 coal mining projects undergoing in Talcher. Many of the projects
were expanded by fully displacing several villages.
For instance, Rakash village in Angul district is another village which is now all set to be
engulfed into coal mining. Land acquisition is almost done and full partial payments have
also been made.
70-year-old Ishwar Chandra Bagata from the Rakash village said, “We are going to be
displaced to a village named Bolepur.”
“We have heard that plotting of the new area has been done,” Bagata said. “We will soon
be displaced to the other village due to the expansion of coal mining activities. Most of us
have received compensation while few are yet to receive the second installment.”
10. Several villages in the past in Talcher have been fully taken over and razed for mining
displacing thousands of original inhabitants of the area and the expansion spree is still
continuing in India’s largest coal reserve zone. Many of them have been shifted to new
areas with the promises of better amenities, compensation for land and houses.
Rampant pollution
Most of the villagers lying in close proximity of the operational mining areas have
suffered the most during the coal mining activities. Rampant air and water pollution have
made the lives of several villagers in close proximity miserable and also affected their
health conditions.
In addition to coal mining activity, the complementary industries and units like rail siding
(where the coal is loaded into trains), coal washeries and others also add much air
pollution and make the lives of people living nearby miserable.
Chotiahati village in South Balanda, which is close to the railway siding in Talcher,
suffers serious air pollution. Thousands of trucks loaded with coal but uncovered move
around the village throughout the day and thus there is always a cloud of black dust.
11. “A lot of dust is created due to the movement of trucks loaded with coal as most of them
are uncovered,” complained Mangal Gagarai, a resident of the Chotiahati village. “The
mining company is sprinkling water on the roads but due to regular movement of trucks,
the water gets dried very fast creating a dark black cloud of coal dust throughout the day.”
The village is inhabited by incoming migrants and the Adivasi population of Ho
community. It comprises several kaccha houses and unpaved roads. Dust from the railway
siding settles down on the roofs of their houses. Several villagers complained of
breathing issues due to air pollution, a consequence of mining activities at Talcher.
Not only air pollution, but contamination of water is also visible in the area. Tentulei is
another village in Talcher which bears the brunt of mining-related activities. The villagers
explained to Mongabay-India that how fertile land in the village is ruined due to the
blackish industrial waste effluent coming out from the nearby coal washery that enters
their agricultural fields and village lands and ponds, polluting them with toxic water.
12. Studies conducted in the region have hinted towards a heavy toll that the coal mining has
taken on the human population, especially their health and livelihood.
A study on Talcher coal mining by a team of National Institute of Technology, Rourkela
and financially supported by the NITI Aayog claimed that though the mining activities
boosted the economy it forced the population there to live in a highly polluted
environment. It also highlighted that many farming lands were taken for mining and it
was the landless villagers who suffered the most.
The government officials claim that they are taking adequate steps to control pollution in
the district especially in mining-affected areas. Siddharth Shankar Swain, who is the
Collector of the Angul district, told Mongabay India that the district administration had
been ensuring that all trucks plying on roads are covered on top, their wheels are washed
during exist points and water is sprinkled in the mining-affected areas regularly.
“We also undertake discussions with the State Pollution Control Board and other
stakeholders on how to reduce pollution in the area. In the next meeting of the District
Mineral Foundation, I have made discussing pollution mitigation as an important agenda
for the meeting,” he said. He, however, added that for the new coal block allocations not
much work has started now but the socioeconomic survey of some of the areas would
start soon.
13. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN THE ANGUL-TALCHER AREA :-
Nature and magnitude of environmental issues relevant to an area forms the basis
on which action plans are drawn. To identify the critical environmental
issues in this area, all major local news papers and proceedings of public hearing
conducted during last two years were scanned and the environmental issues raised
are aggregated and summarized as in the following section. The identified issues
were then corroborated with the various monitoring studies conducted by SPCB,
Regional Environmental Management Plan prepared by ISMU, Dhanbad and the
Site remediation study conducted by National Productivity Council (NPC), New
Delhi.
1. River Brahmani flows along Talcher from north-west to south-east. All the
industries in this area are located along the river with a stretch of about 25km. There
are few small streams like Nandira, Singada, Lingara, Banguru which flows through
this area and feed river Brahmani during monsoon. These feeder streams flows
through the industrial cluster and carry industrial and urban wastewater. The water
quality of these streams and Brahmani river in the down stream of Talcher needs to
be restored
14. 2. A sodium dichromate plant was in operation which was subsequently closed in
1998. An estimated 79,000 MT of solid residue which is a hazardous waste is lying
near the closed site and releasing hexavalent chromium to the water bodies during
monsoon.
3. During monsoon the run-offs from various stock piles like coal, minerals, solid
waste etc flows down the area and gets discharged to river Brahmani through its
feeder streams.
4. The level of fluoride in the ground water around NALCO has been found to be
higher than the norm. During post monsoon period there had also been few instances
of burning of paddy crops presumably due to the effect of fluoride bearing gasses. 5.
The ambient temperature of this area rises close to 50°C and the general perception
is that the temperature rise is due to industrialization and mining activity. The
exposed coal seam and stack yards catch fire during summer season due to self
oxidation and contribute to rise in temperature.
15. 6. The industrial activities in this area causes about 75 million tons of materials are
transported between the nodes in a year. The transportation by road is a cause of
nuisance, air pollution and traffic congestion
7. The sewerage from Talcher town is discharged to river Brahmani without any
treatment causing the detoriation of water quality of river Brahmani in the down
stream of Talcher.
8. Amount of land being converted to ash ponds and solid waste disposal facilities
is increasing day by day. This process converts agricultural land to unproductive
barren land.
9. Groundwater level around the mining area is depleting due to extraction of
ground water for the mining activity. This causes acute shortage of water in the
surrounding villages