Presentatie bij het paper : Semantische interoperabiliteit met behulp van een bedrijfsbrede taxonomie; Wat kunnen we leren van IBM’s IFW Business Data Concepts Classification

1. Semantische interoperabiliteit met behulp van een bedrijfsbrede taxonomie Wat kunnen we leren van IBM’s IFW Business Data Concepts Classification R. Claassens, 28-01-2005 Master Class, Information Management 19 (2004), Tias Business School, Tilburg

3. Down- load file Down- load file Down- load file Screen scrape Screen scrape Browser HTTP/XML Trans- action file Trans- action file Trans- action file Trans- action file Message queue Message queue Message queue FTP Sockets E-mail Message XML/ HTTP Gateway RPC CICS gateway APPC SMTP CICS gateway ORB Applications From Mergers and Acquisitions Legacy Applications Purchased Packages Applications in Trading Partners E-Marketplaces End-User Development Autonomous Divisions Outsourced and ASP Applications Situatieschets “ Jaguar” “ Geautomatiseerde systemen worden steeds meer samengesteld uit delen gedistribueerde functionaliteit die vaak onafhankelijk van elkaar ontwikkeld zijn, die zich op verschillende platforms bevinden en die zich in principe overal kunnen bevinden. Focus : semantische interoperabiliteit/integratie binnen het bedrijf Jaguar?

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9. Stands for Refers to Symbolize Symbol Referent Concept 1)The Meaning Triangle Ontology Philosophical viewpoint Computer science viewpoint An ontology is an explicit specification of a shared conceptualisation (Gruber 1995) An ontology is a shared understanding of some domain of interest. (Uschold et al. 1996) ... philosophical discipline, branch of philosophy that deals with the nature and the organisation of reality.” (Guarino 1998) 2) Utmost views on ontology

10. philoso-phical ontology pragmatic ontology top level ontology universal ontology domain specific ontology general ontology task specific ontology task inde-pendant ontology language inde-pendant ontology language inde- pendant ontology formal ontology not formal onto-logy VIEW specific ontology LEVEL SUBJECT PURPOSE LANGUAGE FORMALIZING application specific ontology Guarino, Nicola (1998). Formal Ontology and Information Systems,. In: Formal Ontology in Information Systems, Proceedings of the First International Conference (FOIS'98) , June 6-8, Trento, Italy, 3-15. Ed. Nicola Guarino. Amsterdam: IOS Press. Bodil Nistrup Madsen (2002), based on a.o.: ontology Ontology

11. Ontologieën: een spectrum Catalog Terms/glossary Thesauri (“narrower term” relation) Informal “is-a” hierarchy Formal “is-a” hierarchy Formal instance Frames (properties) Value restrictions Disjointness, inverse, equivalence, etc. General logical constraints Ontologies Dewey Decimal System Data dictionary Yahoo directory Biological taxonomy, RDB schema, OODB schema XML schema CLOS, C++, Java, RDF UML DAML+ OIL (OWL) DAML-L (rules), KIF Text search engine thesauri Taxonomies Expressiveness vlgns Deborah McGuinness *based on AAAI ’99 Ontologies panel – McGuinness, Welty, Ushold, Gruninger, Lehmann

13. English Prose Poetry Sonnet Ballad German Prose Poetry Sonnet Ballad French Prose Poetry Sonnet Ballad To illustrate the differences between faceted and enumerative classifications, consider the class Literature. In an enumerative scheme we might have the following subclasses: Language facet : English German French Form facet : Prose Poetry Sonnet Ballad In a faceted scheme we might have the following instructions and subclasses: Language facet is cited before form facet Citation order: Faceted classification a Library discipline Ranganathan 1939

14. Postulated Ontology Synthesized Clusters Ontology is modified based on how it maps to discovered clusters x s t u v w D F E B C A Clusters are mapped to ontology 2) Bottom-up 3) Revising & validating 1) Top-down R. Prieto-D í az (2002) a faceted Approach to building Ontology's

16. IFW Framework -3 Layers of the data column Deconstruction level Composition level Implementation level Conceptual Logical Physical A-level B-level C-level & C’-level D-level 9 data concepts 27 classification hierarchies 54 business objects (Modelware International, 1999) Involved Party (IP) Arrangement (AR) Conditions (CN) Product (PD) Location (LO) Classification (CL) Business Direction Item (BD) Event (EV) Resource Item (RI)

17. Involved Party(IP) INVOLVED PARTY TYPE Individual INDIVIDUAL GENDER Female Male Organization ORGANIZATION LEGAL STRUCTURE TYPE Corporation Partnership IP Descriptor IP DESCRIPTOR TYPE IPName component IP NAME COMPONENT TYPE Given Name Name Initial Family name IP Relationship IP RELATIONSHIP TYPE IP/IP-relationship IP/IP RELATIONSHIP TYPE IP is spouse of IP IP is employee of IP IP is customer of IP INDIVIDUAL EMPLOYMENT STATUS Working Individual Not Employed Individual 1. Fundamental hierarchy 2. Descriptive hierarchy 3. Relationship hierarchy Answer(s) Question = + scheme Explanation of the B-level - Concept Involved party (IP) (Modelware International, 1999)

21. Advies IFW Business Data Concept Classification Mocht een bedrijf ervoor kiezen om een bedrijfsbrede taxonomie te gaan opzetten, dan is het advies om de “best practices” van IBM’s IFW Business Data Concepts Classification in ieder geval te bestuderen en eventueel over te nemen.