This document introduces flowcharts and their components. It explains that a computer system involves input, processing, and output phases. A program is a set of instructions to perform a task, and flowcharts use symbols to represent the steps graphically. Common flowchart symbols are introduced for inputs, outputs, decisions, and other elements. Simple examples of flowcharts are provided for making tea, manipulating numbers, and calculating sales.

1. Introducing Flowcharts
Objectives
In this lesson, you will learn to:
Identify input and output requirements
Understand programs
Represent logic by using flowcharts
©NIIT PLT/Lesson 1/Slide 1 of 20

2. Introducing Flowcharts
Input, Process, and Output
Phases
Activities can be broken into separate phases
® The first phase is called the input phase
® The second phase is called the process phase
® The last phase is known as the output phase
©NIIT PLT/Lesson 1/Slide 2 of 20

3. Introducing Flowcharts
Input, Process, and Output (Contd.)
I-P-O Cycle
The cycle of activities performed by a computer is
referred to as the Input-Process-Output cycle or
the I-P-O cycle
A computer consists of several components
Each component participates in either one of the
input, process, or output phases
©NIIT PLT/Lesson 1/Slide 3 of 20

4. Introducing Flowcharts
Programs
Programs
A computer is designed to accept input, process it,
and generate output
A set of instructions to perform a task is called a
program
A number of programs together form an application
©NIIT PLT/Lesson 1/Slide 4 of 20

5. Introducing Flowcharts
Problem-Solving Techniques
Flowcharts
A flowchart is a graphical representation of the
steps to be followed for solving a problem
It consists of a set of symbols
Each symbol represents a specific activity
©NIIT PLT/Lesson 1/Slide 5 of 20

6. Introducing Flowcharts
Problem-Solving Techniques
Symbols Used in Flowcharts
Symbol Activity
Input
Processing
Output
©NIIT PLT/Lesson 1/Slide 6 of 20

7. Introducing Flowcharts
Problem-Solving Techniques
Symbols Used in Flowcharts (Contd.)
Symbol Activity
Decision
Procedure or
Subroutine
Flow lines
©NIIT PLT/Lesson 1/Slide 7 of 20

8. Introducing Flowcharts
Problem-Solving Techniques
Symbols Used in Flowcharts (Contd.)
Symbol Activity
Terminator
On page connector
Off page connector
©NIIT PLT/Lesson 1/Slide 8 of 20

9. Introducing Flowcharts
Problem-Solving Techniques
Symbols Used in Flowcharts (Contd.)
Symbol Activity
Annotation
©NIIT PLT/Lesson 1/Slide 9 of 20

10. Introducing Flowcharts
Just a Minute…
Match the following verbs with appropriate symbols:
Get, Write, Stop, Add, Start, Multiply, Read, Subtract,
Divide, Display, Input, Output, If
S. No. Symbol Activity
1.
2.
©NIIT PLT/Lesson 1/Slide 10 of 20

11. Introducing Flowcharts
Just a Minute…(Contd.)
S. No. Symbol Activity
3.
4.
5.
©NIIT PLT/Lesson 1/Slide 11 of 20

12. Introducing Flowcharts
Drawing Simple Flowcharts
Flowchart for Preparing Tea
Start
The Steps for Preparing tea
Input Water, Sugar,
Tea Leaves and Milk
Boil the Ingredients
Tea is Prepared
Stop
©NIIT PLT/Lesson 1/Slide 12 of 20

13. Introducing Flowcharts
Drawing Simple Flowcharts (Contd.)
Flowchart for Manipulating Numbers
Start
Get a Number
Add 1 to the Number
Display the Number
Stop
©NIIT PLT/Lesson 1/Slide 13 of 20

14. Introducing Flowcharts
Drawing Simple Flowcharts (Contd.)
Example
The value of sale made is calculated as the number of
units sold multiplied by the price per unit. Draw a
flowchart to calculate and print the sale value.
©NIIT PLT/Lesson 1/Slide 14 of 20

15. Introducing Flowcharts
Drawing Simple Flowcharts (Contd.)
Start
Input Units Sold
Input Unit Price
Multiply Units Sold
By Unit Price
Print Total Sale
Value
Stop
©NIIT PLT/Lesson 1/Slide 15 of 20

16. Introducing Flowcharts
Drawing Simple Flowcharts (Contd.)
Problem Statement 1.P.1
Draw a flowchart to represent the procedure of
admission of a student to NIIT.
©NIIT PLT/Lesson 1/Slide 16 of 20

17. Introducing Flowcharts
Drawing Simple Flowcharts (Contd.)
Problem Statement 1.P.2
Rearrange the steps given below in the order of
correct sequence to add the two numbers and draw a
flowchart for the same.
1. Get the First Number
2. Display the Result
3. Stop
4. Add the Two Numbers
5. Get the Second Number
6. Start
©NIIT PLT/Lesson 1/Slide 17 of 20

18. Introducing Flowcharts
Drawing Simple Flowcharts (Contd.)
Problem Statement 1.P.3
Draw a flowchart to accept five numbers and display
the sum of the numbers.
©NIIT PLT/Lesson 1/Slide 18 of 20

19. Introducing Flowcharts
Drawing Simple Flowcharts (Contd.)
Problem Statement 1.P.4
Draw a flowchart to input any number, multiply it by 2,
and display the result.
©NIIT PLT/Lesson 1/Slide 19 of 20

20. Introducing Flowcharts
Summary
In this lesson, you learned that:
The cycle of activities performed by a computer
follows the Input-Process-Output cycle.
A set of instructions to perform a particular job is
called a program.
A flowchart is a graphical representation of the steps
to be followed for solving a problem.
A flowchart consists of a set of symbols, where each
symbol represents a specific activity.
©NIIT PLT/Lesson 1/Slide 20 of 20