The document discusses bio concrete, which is a type of self-healing concrete that uses bacteria to seal cracks as they form. It contains special bacteria that remain dormant until cracks appear and water activates them. The bacteria then metabolize chemical precursors in the concrete and precipitate minerals that fill the cracks. This allows the concrete to essentially heal itself and extend its lifespan without needing repair. The main components of bio concrete are bacteria that can withstand the alkaline concrete environment and chemical precursors to trigger bacterial activity. When water enters cracks, it activates the precursors and bacteria, which precipitate minerals like calcium carbonate to fill the cracks over time.

1. BIO CONCRETE
 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
 TOPIC: BIO CONCRETE
 SUBMITTED BY : UMAR NIAZ
 ROLL NO : 23-CE-2019
UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
DR. NASIR RATHER DR. PERVEZ ALAM

2. CONTENTS
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• Introduction
• Bio Concrete
• Constituents Of Bio Concrete
• Mechanism
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Application
• Conclusion
• References

3. INTRODUCTION
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• Cracking in concrete is a main concern throughout the
because it cause loss of strength of structure with Time.
• A environmental friendly solution is preferred i.e. biological
concrete over other alternatives like epoxy resins which is non
degradable.
• The bacteria based concrete is believed to remain hibernated
within the concrete for up to 200 years. When cracks appear
in a concrete structure and water starts to seep in through, the
spores of the bacteria starts microbial activities on contact
with the water and oxygen.

4. BIO CONCRETE
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• Its specially made to increase the lifespan or the
durability of concrete structure by the self healing
action of that concrete.
• Bio concrete is also called as BACTERIAL
CONCRETE or SELF HEALING CONCRETE.
• Its is a special type of concrete invented by a group of
microbiology researchers under the head of Henk
Jonkers.

5. Constituents Of Bio Concrete
Mainly there are two components present in bio concrete :
• The special bacteria that has to resist the alkalinity and the
mechanical stress of concrete.
• The chemical precursor to activate the bacteria.
fig.1 self heeling bacterial concrete
Source :https://binged.it/3sb898j
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6. 6
Fig. 2 Bacterial Concrete
Source :https://binged.it/3sb898j

7. MECHANISM
• The cracks are formed on the surface of concrete due to
many reasons like shrinkage, Inadequate water for
hydration.
• But if cracks are more than .2mm then concrete itself fail
to heal itself thus opening passage to chemicals and other
corroding materials.
• In bio-concrete if water is in contact with the concrete
though the cracks the bacteria get activated from its stage
of dormancy and through its metabolic activities forms
calcite which further acts as a healing material .7

8. Continued..
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• The water is deliberately forced into the crack
and the precursor is activated.
• The activated precursor intern induces the
bacteria to react with that precursor and form a
base of calcium carbonate called as limestone.
• When the cracks are filled completely by the
bacteria it again goes to the stage of dormancy.
• Again if in future if cracks get widen and the
foreign particles tends to enter the cracks the
bacteria get activated and thus heal the cracks.
Thus acting as a long lasting healing agent.

9. What is happening inside bio
concrete (mechanism)
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• The cracks are formed on the surface of concrete
due to many reasons like shrinkage, Inadequate
water for hydration …etc.
• The water is deliberately forced into the crack
and the precursor is activated

10. Continued…
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• The activated precursor intern induces the
bacteria to react with that precursor and form a
base of calcium carbonate called as limestone
Fig. 3 Bacterial self-healing process
Source : : https://bit.ly/3MVFYUA

11. ADVANTAGES
1. Small Cracks in a Structure are weak because water seeps in to
degrade the concrete and corrode the steel reinforcement, which
leads to structural failure.
2. It provides longer life to the structures.
3. No need for periodical maintenance.
4. Improvement in compressive strength of concrete.
5. Reduction in permeability of reinforced concrete.
6. Better resistance towards freeze-thaw attack reduction

12. DISADVANTAGES
1. Self-healing concrete cost price is almost 2
times compared to normal concrete.
2. Growth bacteria can be affected by various
environmental conditions.
3. The clay pallets mixed in concrete mostly cover
20 % volume of concrete and This may result in a
shear zone or fault zone in the concrete.

13. APPLICATION
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• From enhancement in durability of cementitius materials to
improvement in sand properties, from repair of limestone
monuments, sealing of concrete cracks to highly durable
bricks, microbial concrete has been successful in one and all.
• This new technology can provide ways for low cost and
durable roads.
• High strength buildings with more bearing capacity.
• Long lasting river bank.
• Low cost durable housing.

14. CONCLUSION
Microbial concrete technology has proved to be better than many
conventional technologies because of its eco-friendly nature and self-
healing abilities. It increases the life span of the structure.
Enhancement of compressive strength, reduction in permeability,
water absorption, reinforced corrosion have been seen in various
cementitious and stone materials.
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15. REFERENCES
• International Journal of Materials Chemistry and Physics
 Vol. 1, No. 1, 2015, pp. 11-19.
• Samudre MP, Mangulkar MN, Saptarshi SD, A review of
emerging way to enhance the durability and strength of concrete
structures: Microbial concrete, Intern J Innov Res Sci Eng Tech. 3
(2014) 9311-9316.
• Google, google images, engineering trends.
• Ivanchev I, Research on cracks in reinforced concrete
 elements by taking into account the experimentally determined
concrete and reinforcing steel mechanical properties, Ind J App Res
5 (2015) 239-241.
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16. THANK YOU
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