This document discusses self concept and self perception. It defines key terms like self concept, self perception, and self awareness. It describes how self concept develops over the lifespan through social interactions. Positive self concept is associated with benefits like strong relationships while negative self concept can cause issues like poor health. The document also outlines factors that influence self concept such as development stages, family, stressors and illness. It provides examples of how nursing can assess, diagnose, plan and evaluate care for patients with altered self concepts.

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3. Group-II
(MADIHA HASSAN, QURATULAIN, AREEBA ATEEQ, ASMA MUNIR, SHAHLA MALIK, ANUM SHABBIR)

4. SELF
CONCEPT
SELF
PERCEPTION
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5. OBJECTIVES
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At the end of this chapter, learners will be able to:
 Define self perception/ self concept pattern.
 Discuss how self concept develops through out
the life span
 Describe the functions of self and self concept
 Discuss factors that can effect self concept
 Identify possible manifestation of altered self
concept
 Apply nursing process for a person with an
altered self concept
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6. SELF CONCEPT
• Mental image of oneself
• It may be positive or negative
• Involves all of the self-perceptions values and beliefs that influence
behaviour.
• It influences the following:
 How one thinks, talks and acts?
 How one sees and treat other individual?
 Ability to give and receive love
 Ability to take actions and to change things
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7. Clinical Importance of Self Concept
According to Randle AND Arthur (2007), when nurses
have a high professional self concept, they will be
more likely to influence patient health care positively;
conversely, when nurses have a low professional self
concept, they will more likely to impact patient health
care negatively.
A positive self image can boost our physical, mental,
social, emotional and spiritual well-being while
negative self image can decrease our satisfaction and
ability to function.
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8. • Develop and maintain
interpersonal
relationships
• Resist Psychologic and
physical illness
• Able to accept and to
adapt the changes the
may occur over the
lifespan.
• Worthlessness, self dislike or
even self hatred, feeling sad
• Individuals feel hopeless and
lonely
• They lack energy even to
perform simplest of the tasks.
Positive Self
Concept
Negative Self
Concept
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9. SELF PERCEPTION
• The idea that you have about the kind of person you are.
• It assesses that people develop their attitude by
observing their own behavior and conclude what attitude
must have caused it.
• Account of attitude formation developed by psychologist
Daryl Bem.
• It is an image that we hold about ourself and traits and
judgements we make about those traits
• Self Perception includes two processes:
Self Concept
Self Esteem
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10. Self Perception
Above figure is able to define self
perception
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11. Self
Perception
Theory
Alternate to Cog
Dissonance theory
_Self Perception Theory:
When difficult to interpret
attitudes/weak attitude
Look at our behaviour
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12. Clinical Importance of Self Perception
• Nursing care is of paramount importance to patients
and families, studying the congruency between nurse
and patient perceptions of caring behavior can help
health care facilities provide positive patient as well
as family experiences.
• Self perception in patients is their self-response to
sensory stimuli.
• Medical practices can increase the effectiveness of
primary care, improve patient outcomes, and control
costs.
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SELF-AWARENESS
• It refers to the relationship between an individual’s own and others’
perception of self.
• Becoming more self aware is a process that requires time and energy
and is never complete.
• Introspection is an important component of self-awareness in which
a nurse reflecting on personal beliefs, attitudes, motivations, strengths
and limitations.
• When conflicts arise nurse can analyze their own reactions
through introspection and by asking these questions:
Why do I react this way?(anger, fear, anxiety)
Can I change the way i respond to this situation to affect the
client’s reaction in a helpful way?
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14. Clinical Importance of Self-awareness
• Possessing a clear sense of self awareness will help
nurses engage professional with a diverse patient
population and modifies behavior as needed.
• Self awareness enables nurses to recognize their
emotions, temperaments and potential ultimately
assisting them in understanding the strengths and
limitations of their patients and helping patients
recognize their strengths.
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17. DIMENSIONS
• Self-knowledge
Insight into one’s own abilities, nature and
limitations
• Self-expectation
What one expects of oneself; may be realistic or
unrealistic expectations
• Social-self
How one is perceived by other and society?
• Social-evaluation
The appraisal of oneself in relationship to
others, events or situations.
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Individuals who value “how I perceive me” above “how others perceive me” can be
termed as me-centered.
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Components
Personal Identity Body Image Role Performance Self-Esteem
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Function of self and self concept:
Self concept is closely linked to academic performance for two main
reasons.Firstly a student`s self concept could determine the length of
time it takes them to grasp certain concept or amount of effort it will take
to complete a challenging class or tricky homework.Self concept helps
them define who they think they are and how they fits into the
world.Some of the important functions are as follows;
Organizational Function:
Helps us to organize and interpret information.
Managerial Function:
Regulates our behavior and plans for future.
Emotional Function:
Helps us to determine emotional responses.It helps
to explain behavior that provides a decision making framework.
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Influence in relationship:
Positive self concept, coupled with
strong self esteem, improves our ability to receive and give love
and how we relate to others. This is particularly important in
nurturing intimate partnerships.
Influence on life:
A healthy self concept impacts the questions you
typically ask yourself each day and it affects how you interact with
people, how you think about yourself, others and circumstances.
Putting all this together, your self concept effectively determines
what you will do or choose not to do at any given moment in life.
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Formation of Self Concept
An individual is not born with a self
concept rather it devolps as a result of social interactions with others.The
devolpment of one`s self concept consist of three broad steps:
 The infant learns that the physical self is separate and different from the
environment.
 The child internalizes others` attitudes toward self.
 The child and adult internalize the standards of society.
Devolpment of self concept throughout the life span:
According to
Erikson(1963),throughout life individuals face devolpmental tasks with eight
psychosocial stages that provide a theoratical framework. The success with which
an individual copes with these devolpmental tasks largely determines the
devolpment of self concept.
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STAGES: Devolpmental
Tasks
Behaviors indicating positive
resolution
Behaviors indicating negative
resolution
Infancy: Trust VS Mistrust Requesting assistance and
accepting to receive it
Expressing belief of another
individual,sharing time, opinion
and experience
Restricting conversation to
superficialities
Refusing to provide an individual with
personal information
Being unable to accept assistance
Toddlerhood: Autonomy VS
Shame and doubt
Accepting the rules of a group
but also expressing
disagreement
when it is felt
Expressing one`s own opinion
Failing to express needs
Not expressing one`s own opinion when
opposed
Overly concerned about being clean
Early childhood: Initiative VS
Guilt
Starting projects eagerly
Expressing curiosity about
many things
Demonstrating original thought
Imitating others rather than developing
independent ideas
Apologizing and being very
embarrassed over small mistake
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Early school years:Industry Vs
Inferiority
Completing tasks once it has been
started
Working well with others
Using time effectively
Not completing tasks started
Not assisting with the work of
others
Not organizing work
Adolesence:Identity Vs Role
confusion
Asserting independence
Planning realistically for future
roles
Establishing close interpersonal
relationship
Failing to assume responsibility
for directing one`s own behavior
Accepting the values of others
without question
Failing to set goals in life
Early adulthood:Intimacy Vs
isolation
Establishing a close,intimate
relationship with another
individual
Making a commitment to that
relationship,even in times of
stress and sacrifice
Remaining alone
Avoiding close interpersonal
relationship
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Middle aged adults: Generativity
VS Stagnation
Being willing to share with another
individual
Guiding others
Establishing a priority of needs,
recognizing both self and others
Talking about oneself instead of
listening to others
Showing concern for oneself in
spite of the needs of others
Being unable to accept
interdependence
Older adults:Integrity VS Despair Using past experience to assist
others
Maintaining productivity in some
areas
Accepting limitations
Crying and being apathetic
Not accepting changes
Demanding unnecessary
assistance and attention from
others
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Individuals are thought to base their self concept on how they
perceive and evaluate themselves in these areas:
Vocational performance
Intellectual functioning
Personal appearance and physical attractiveness
Sexual attractiveness and performance
Being liked by others
Ability to cope with and resolve problems
Independence
Particular talents
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27. FACTORS THAT CAN AFFECT SELF
CONCEPT
 Stage of development
 Family and culture
 Stressors
 Resources
 History of success and failures
 illness

28. STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
• As an individual develop, the condition affect the self concept
also change.
For example:
An infant requires a supportive and caring
environment whereas a child requires freedom to explore and
learn .Older adults self concept is based on their experiences in
progressing through life stages.
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29. Family and culture
• A young child’s value are highly influenced by family and culture.
Later on, peers influence the child and thereby affect the sense of
self.
For example:
A child may realize that his parents expect that
his child should become a doctor in future while his peers want to
join their field and become a future athlete.
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30. STRESSORS
• Stressors can strengthen self concept if individual
copes successfully with problems. On the other hand,
overwhelming stressors can cause maladaptive
responses including substance abuse, withdrawal and
anxiety.
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31. 1-IDENTIFY STRESSORS:
Change in physical, mental and sensory abilities, unrealistic ideal self.
2-BODY IMAGE STRESSORS:
Loss of body parts, amputation, loss of body function from stroke ,spinal cord
injury, disfigurement due to pregnancy or severe burns.
3-ROLE STRESSORS:
Loss of parent, spouse, children, loss of job, divorce unclear role
expectations.
4-SELF ESTEEM STRESSORS:
Lack of positive feedback from significant others, repeated failures, unrealistic
expectations.
COMMON STRESSORS
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32. RESOURCES
Individual resources can be:
INTERNAL: confidence, values
EXTERNAL: Support network, sufficient finances and
organizations usually the greater number of resources a person
has, the more positive the effect on the self concept.
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33. HISTOTY OF SUCCESS AND FAILURES
• People who have a history of failures comes to see
themselves as failures, while people with the history
of successors will have a more positive self concept.
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34. ILLNES
• Illness and trauma can also affect an individual’s self
concept. Man who has had an amputation may feel
himself less attractive and less useful for others.
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Possible manifestation of altered self
concept
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NURSING PROCESS
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ASSESSING
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DIAGNOSING
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PLANNING
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IMPLEMENTING
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EVALUATING
The goals discussed in planning phase are evaluated according to
specific desired outcomes. If goals are not achieved, the nurse should
explore the reasons, considering following questions:-
1. Have old situations recurred, triggering feelings or behaviors
associated with low self esteem?
2. Have new stressful situations occurred with which client feels unable
to cope resulting in continuing low self esteem?
3. Are new or additional roles causing increased stress in adapting?
4. Are significant others supporting the client adequately in attempts to
improve self esteem?
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REVIEW & FEEDBACK
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QUESTIONS?
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46. Stay Blessed & Wonderful!
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THANKYOU
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