The document summarizes two major riots that occurred in Singapore after independence from Britain: the Maria Hertogh riot of 1950 and the Anti-National Service riot of 1954. The Maria Hertogh riot lasted three days and resulted from a custody dispute over a girl being raised Muslim but with a Catholic background, inflaming religious tensions. It caused 18 deaths and widespread property damage. The Anti-National Service riot occurred when Chinese students protested the introduction of conscription and a peaceful demonstration turned violent after police intervention, leading to 26 deaths and 48 arrests. Both riots reflected underlying social and political dissatisfaction with British rule in post-independence Singapore.