2. •Hydrometeorological hazards are
processes or phenomena of atmospheric,
hydrological or oceanographic nature
•may cause loss of life, injury or other
health impacts, property damages, loss of
livelihoods and services, social and
economic disruptions, or even
environmental damages
Hydrometeorological Hazards...
4. Hydrometeorological conditions also can
be a factor in other hazards such as
landslides, wild fires, locust plagues,
epidemics, and volcanic eruptions.
Hydrometeorological hazards...
5. The following are the most common
Hydrometeorological hazards as defined by
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA):
CYCLONE
TYPHOON
FLOOD
STORM SURGE
TORNADO
FLASH FLOOD
THUNDERSTORM
EL NIÑO and LA NIÑA
Potential Hydrometeorological
Hazards
6.
7. A cyclone isan intense low pressure
system which ischaracterized by strong spiral
winds towards the center
, called the “Eye” in a
counter-clockwise flow in the northern
hemisphere. Hazards due to tropical cyclones
are strong winds with heavy rainfall that can
cause widespread flooding/flash floods, storm
surges, landslides and mudflows.
8. Classification of Cyclone:
Tropical Depression –maximum winds from
35 kilometers per hour (kph) to 63 kph
Tropical Storm–maximum winds from 64 kph
to 118 kph
Typhoon –maximum winds exceeding
118 kph
9.
10. A typhoon is a large, powerful and violent
tropical cyclone. It isa low pressure area
rotating counter-clockwise and containing
rising warm air that forms over warm water in
the Western Pacific Ocean. Less powerful
tropical cyclones are called Tropical
Depression and Tropical Storms.
11.
12. A thunderstorm isa weather condition
that produces lightning and thunder, heavy
rainfall from cumulonimbus clouds and possibly
a tornado. It isa violent local disturbance
accompanied by lighting, thunder and heavy
rain and often by strong gust of wind, and
sometimes by hail.
13.
14. •a tornado isdescribed as a violent rotating
column of air extending from thunderstorm to
the ground
• tornadoes come in many sizes
•are typically in the form of a visible
condensation-funnel which is narrow and
touches the earth
• isoften encircled by a cloud of debris
15.
16. A flash flood isa rapid flooding of
geomorphic low-lying areas like washes, rivers,
dry lakes and basins.
Common causes of flash flood:
heavy rain with a severe thunderstorm
tropical storm
melt water from ice
snow flowing over ice sheets
or snowfields
hurricane
17.
18. Flood isthe inundation of land areas
which are not normally covered by water. A
flood is usually caused by a temporary rise or
the over- flowing of a river, stream, or other
water course, inundating adjacent lands or
flood-plains.
19.
20. Storm surge isthe rise of the seawater
above normal sea level over the coast,
generated by the action of weather elements
such as cyclonic wind and atmospheric
pressure. Sea level is raised and driven towards
the coast. Where the depth is shallow and the
slope of the sea bed isgradual, the natural
flow of water is delayed by the effect of
friction on the sea bed.
21.
22. El Niño and La Niña are complex weather
patterns resulting from variations in ocean
temperature in the equatorial pacific. These
two phenomena are opposite phases of what
isknown as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation
(ENSO) cycle.
23. The ENSO cycle isa scientific term that
describes the fluctuations in temperature
between the ocean and the atmosphere in
the East-central Equatorial Pacific
(approximately between the International
Date Line and 120 degrees West).
24.
25. The general sequence of events that
could occur during the development of a
Category 2 typhoon/hurricane (wind speed
96-110 mph) approaching a coastal area:
(Herald Tribune, 2011)
26. 96 hours before landfall:
At first there aren’t any apparent signs
of storm. The barometer is steady, winds are
light and variable, and fair-weather
cumulus clouds appear.
27. 72 hours before landfall:
Little has changed, except that the
swell on the ocean surface has increased
to about six feet and the waves come in
every nine seconds. This means that the
storm, far over the horizon, is approaching.
28. 48 hours before landfall:
The sky isnow clear of clouds, the
barometer is steady, and the wind is almost
calm. The swell is now about nine feet and
coming in every eight seconds.
29. 36 hours before landfall:
The first signs of the storm appear. The
barometer isfalling slightly, the wind is
around 11 mph, and the ocean swell is
about 13 feet and coming in seven
seconds apart.
30. On the horizon, a large mass of white cirrus
clouds appear. As veil of clouds
approaches, it covers more of the horizon.
A hurricane watch isissued, and areas with
long evacuation times are given the order
to begin.
31. 30 hours before landfall:
The sky iscovered by a high overcast.
The barometer isfalling at .1 millibar per
hour; winds pick up to about 23 mph. The
ocean swell, coming in five seconds apart,
isbeginning to be obscured by wind- driven
waves and small whitecaps begin to
appear on the ocean surface.
32.
33. SATELLITE- is the most advance technology
used in monitoring a cyclone or
typhoon. It can visualize exactly in
real time the formation and the path
of a cyclone.
34. Doppler RADAR
isan acronym for Radio Detection and
Ranging. Radar detection devices emit
and receive radio waves to determine the
distance from the source to the object by
measuring the time if it takesfor the echo of
the wave to return.
35. Specifically, weather radar measures the
direction and the speed of moving objects,
such as precipitation, and has a capacity
to measure the velocity of the particles in
order to determine the rate of which the
particles are falling.
41. PROJECT NOAH by the department of
science and technology(DOST)
- a project for scientific forecasting, monitoring,
assessment and information services regarding
natural hazards
- a more accurate, integrated, and responsive
disaster prevention and mitigation system,
especially in high-risk areas throughout the
Philippines
42. Project NOAH (Nationwide Operational
Assessment of Hazards)
The project will harness
technologies and management
services for disaster risk reduction
activities offered by the DOST through
PAGASA, PHIVOLCS, and the DOST-
Advance Science and Technology
Institute (ASTI), in partnership with the
UP National Institute of Geological
Sciences and the UP College of
Engineering.
43. The Project has the following components:
1. Distribution of hydrometeorological
devices in hard-hit areas in the Philippines
(Hydromet). A total of 600 automated rain
gauges (ARG) and 400 water level
monitoring stations (WLMS) will be installed
along the country’s 18 major river basins
(RBs) by December 2013 to provide a better
picture of the country’s surface water in
relation to flooding.
44. 2. Disaster RiskExposure Assessment for
Mitigation –Light Detection and Ranging
(DREAM-LIDAR) Project. The project, which is
targeted to be completed by Dec. 2013,
aims to produce more accurate flood
inundation and hazard maps in 3D for the
country’s flood-prone and major river
systems and watersheds.
45. 3. Enhancing Geohazards Mapping through
LIDAR.The project which is targeted to be
completed by December 2014, shall use
LIDAR technology and computer-assisted
analyses to identify exact areas prone to
landslides.
46. 4. Coastal Hazards and Storm Surge
Assessment and Mitigation (CHASSAM).
CHASSAM, which is targeted to be
completed by December 2014, will
generate wave surge, wave refraction,
coastal circulation models to understand
and recommend solutions for coastal
erosions.
47. 5. Flood Information Network (floodNET)
Project. Targeted to be complete by
December 2013 isthe flood center that will
provide timely and accurate information
for flood early warning systems. The
FloodNET Project will come up with
computer models for the critical RBs,
automate the process of data gathering,
modelling and information output, and
release flood forecasts.
48. 6. Local Development of Doppler Radar
Systems (LaDDeRS). LaDDeRS seek to
develop local capacity to design, fabricate,
and parameters of sea surface such as
wave, windfield, and surface current
velocity.
49. 7. Landslides Sensors Development Project.
Thisproject isa low cost, locally developed,
sensor based early monitoring and warning
system for landslides, slope failures, and
debris flow. As of May 2012, 10 sensors have
been installed in:
50. San Francisco, Surigao del Norte;Tago,
Surigao del Sur; Tublay, Buguias, and Bokod
in Benguet;Guihulngan City, Negros
Occidental; St. Bernard, Southern Leyte;
and Tubungan, Iloilo. Additional sensors are
expected to e deployed to not less than 50
sites by 2013.
51. 8. Weather hazard Information Project
(WHIP). WHIP involves the utilization of
platforms such as television (DOSTv) and a
web portal (http://noah.dost.gov.ph), which
display real-time satellite, Doppler radar,
ARG and WLMSdata to empower LGUsand
communities to prepare against extreme
natural hazards. This iscomplimented by
activities, such as:
52. a)conducting IEC (Information, Education,
and Communication) activities;
b)the processing and packaging of
relevant and up-to-date information for
public use.
