The document discusses standards relevant to Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI), outlining the importance of these standards for efficiency, connectivity, and societal rules. It details the classification of standards, key standardization organizations like ISO, OGC, and CEN, and specific standards including metadata and spatial data reference models. The document emphasizes the widespread implementation of these standards across various software applications.

1. Arnold Bregt
SDI from a technological
perspective: Standards

2. 2
Components
People
Technology
Policies
Standards
Spatial
Data

3. 3
Contents
 Why Standards?
 Classification of standards
 Standardization organizations
 Standards for SDI

4. 4
Standards
 Can you mention a few standards in daily life?

5. 5
Standards – make life easier

6. 6
Why Standards?
 Efficiency
 Rules and threshold for society
 Increase connectivity

7. 7
Classification of standards
 Ad hoc standards
 Proprietary standards
 De facto standards
 De jure standards

8. 8

9. 9
Organisations
ISO/
tc211
CEN/tc278
NEN
OGC
EU
(INSPIRE)
National
governme
nt

10. 10
Standardization organizations
 ISO
 OGC
 CEN

11. 11
ISO
 Founded 1926
 Non-governmental organization
 1994 ISO TC 211 Geographic
information/geomatics
 http://www.isotc211.org/

12. 12
Organization - process
 ISO
 Technical committee (TC) for particular domain
• Working group (WG) for particular group of standards
– Project team (PT) for particular standard
 Stages
1. Proposal (NWIP = New Work Item Proposal) -> TC
2. Preparatory stage (WD = working draft) -> WG
3. Committee stage (CD = committee draft) -> TC
4. Enquiry stage (FDIS = (final) draft international standard)
5. Approval stage -> TC & all ISO member bodies: final Yes/No
6. Publication stage (IS = international standard)

13. 13
OGC
 Open Geospatial consortium
 Founded 1994
 Industry consortium
 Implementation specifications
 For instance: WMS, WFS, GML,
 http://www.opengeospatial.org/
 Testing of implemenations

14. Development
14

15. 15
CEN (now dormant 2015)
 CEN organization 1961
 TC 287 (Geographic information)
 Founded 1991
 Revival in 2004
 Adoption of ISO standards
 http://www.centc287.eu/

16. 16
Used specifications
 OGC web-site (nog

17. 17
Standards for SDI (basis)
 Meta-data
 Spatial data reference models
 Services

18. 18
Metadata
 ISO 19115 (formal description)
 ISO 19139 (technical implementation)
 Catalog service (CAT)
 Metadata about services (ISO 19119 )

19. 19
Spatial data reference models
 ISO 19101 (reference model)
 ISO 19107 (Spatial schema)
 ISO 19108 (Temporal schema)
 ISO 19109 (Application schema)
 ISO 19111 (Spatial referencing by coordinates)
 ISO 19112 (Spatial referencing by geographic
identifiers)

20. 20
Services
 Web map service (WMS)
 Web feature service (WFS)
 Web coverage service (WCS)

21. 21
Mapping
service Sensor
service
Image
service
Geo
spatial
service
But we are in the geospatial business
Source

22. Cooperation ISO and OGC
22

23. 23
INSPIRE- Implementing Rules (IR)
 IR for the creation and updating of metadata
 IR for monitoring and reporting
 IR for discovery and view services
 IR for download services
 IR for coordinates transformation service
 IR governing the access rights of use to spatial data sets
and services for Community institutions and bodies
 IRs for the interoperability and harmonization of spatial
data sets and services for Annex I spatial data themes

24. 24
INSPIRE
 http://geostandards.geonovum.nl
 http://inspire.jrc.ec.europa.eu/

25. Summary
 There are a lot of GI standards
 Produced by ISO, OGC and CEN (Europe)
 Implemented in a variety of software
implementations
 Large part of it is used and relevant for SDI
25

26. Thank you for your attention!
Questions