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Government or holding of power by selected on the basis of their ability. He argues meritocracy is the best model but must evolve to recognize a broader range of skills beyond past academic merit. He was speaking to recognize at-risk students whose social skills improved through experiential learning with horses. While meritocracy has helped many beat the odds, what used to work for some is now working against them as children from different family backgrounds have different starting lines. The percentage of employed households with income of $3,000 or less has decreased from 20% to below 15% but the challenges for remaining low-income families have increased.
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Educational Choice Its Appeal May be IllusoryAuthor(.docx
Educational "Choice": Its Appeal May be Illusory
Author(s): Alexander W. Astin
Source: Sociology of Education, Vol. 65, No. 4 (Oct., 1992), pp. 255-260
Published by: American Sociological Association
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2112768
Accessed: 18-03-2018 02:19 UTC
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide
range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and
facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at
http://about.jstor.org/terms
American Sociological Association is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and
extend access to Sociology of Education
This content downloaded from 128.120.251.156 on Sun, 18 Mar 2018 02:19:37 UTC
All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
E X C H A N G E
This issue marks a newfeature-the Exchange Section-in which we
will publish brief articles on controversial matters of public policy
and social concern on an occasional basis. To inaugurate the section,
we present an exchange between Alexander W. Astin and James S.
Coleman on school choice.
Sociology of Education is known for the quality of the research it
publishes. With this section, we are creating a forum in which authors
can explicitly connect their work and ideas to public debates on
education. The pieces in this section should have a scholarly base,
but we do not want them to be laden with footnotes, references, or
data. They are meant to stimulate debate. Ideally, as in the present
case, they will be engaging and clearly written. We invite our readers
to contribute ideas for future exchanges.
JULIA WRIGLEY, Editor-in-Chief
KEVIN DOUGHERTY, Deputy Editor
Educational "Choice":
Its Appeal May Be
Illusory
ALEXANDER W. ASTIN
University of California, Los Angeles
One of the central features of Pres-
ident Bush's Project 2000 plan for
rejuvenating this country's educa-
tional system is the concept of
"choice." Originally a pet idea of
conservatives because it attempts to
apply "free market" principles to our
public schools, choice is now being
seriously considered by policymak-
ers on both sides of the political
spectrum. What is choice? Would it
really improve the schools? What are
its possible risks?
The basic idea behind choice is to
change the manner in which tax reve-
nues are used to finance primary and
secondary schools. Instead of merely
allocating funds directly to the schools
(usually on a per-student basis), a
certain portion of these funds would
go directly to the students (or par-
ents) in the form of vouchers.
Equipped with such a voucher, each
student could then shop around for
the "best" school. The school that the
student finally chose would be able
to "cash ...
Women Empowerment
The document discusses empowering individuals and groups through increasing their capacity to make choices and transform those choices into actions and outcomes. Empowerment is a process of giving power and status to people in a given situation. It also involves recognizing diversity and inclusion by assessing data on various groups. Effective empowerment strategies include increasing economic opportunities through vocational training and financial literacy, promoting social achievements like delayed marriage and pregnancy as well as access to education, and changing institutions and legal frameworks to promote greater participation in decision making.
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Educational Choice Its Appeal May be IllusoryAuthor(.docx
Educational "Choice": Its Appeal May be Illusory
Author(s): Alexander W. Astin
Source: Sociology of Education, Vol. 65, No. 4 (Oct., 1992), pp. 255-260
Published by: American Sociological Association
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2112768
Accessed: 18-03-2018 02:19 UTC
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide
range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and
facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at
http://about.jstor.org/terms
American Sociological Association is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and
extend access to Sociology of Education
This content downloaded from 128.120.251.156 on Sun, 18 Mar 2018 02:19:37 UTC
All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
E X C H A N G E
This issue marks a newfeature-the Exchange Section-in which we
will publish brief articles on controversial matters of public policy
and social concern on an occasional basis. To inaugurate the section,
we present an exchange between Alexander W. Astin and James S.
Coleman on school choice.
Sociology of Education is known for the quality of the research it
publishes. With this section, we are creating a forum in which authors
can explicitly connect their work and ideas to public debates on
education. The pieces in this section should have a scholarly base,
but we do not want them to be laden with footnotes, references, or
data. They are meant to stimulate debate. Ideally, as in the present
case, they will be engaging and clearly written. We invite our readers
to contribute ideas for future exchanges.
JULIA WRIGLEY, Editor-in-Chief
KEVIN DOUGHERTY, Deputy Editor
Educational "Choice":
Its Appeal May Be
Illusory
ALEXANDER W. ASTIN
University of California, Los Angeles
One of the central features of Pres-
ident Bush's Project 2000 plan for
rejuvenating this country's educa-
tional system is the concept of
"choice." Originally a pet idea of
conservatives because it attempts to
apply "free market" principles to our
public schools, choice is now being
seriously considered by policymak-
ers on both sides of the political
spectrum. What is choice? Would it
really improve the schools? What are
its possible risks?
The basic idea behind choice is to
change the manner in which tax reve-
nues are used to finance primary and
secondary schools. Instead of merely
allocating funds directly to the schools
(usually on a per-student basis), a
certain portion of these funds would
go directly to the students (or par-
ents) in the form of vouchers.
Equipped with such a voucher, each
student could then shop around for
the "best" school. The school that the
student finally chose would be able
to "cash ...
Women Empowerment
The document discusses empowering individuals and groups through increasing their capacity to make choices and transform those choices into actions and outcomes. Empowerment is a process of giving power and status to people in a given situation. It also involves recognizing diversity and inclusion by assessing data on various groups. Effective empowerment strategies include increasing economic opportunities through vocational training and financial literacy, promoting social achievements like delayed marriage and pregnancy as well as access to education, and changing institutions and legal frameworks to promote greater participation in decision making.
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This document discusses the relationship between social class and educational outcomes in Australia. It begins with an overview of how different types of schools were historically designed to serve different social classes, with schools for the working class focusing on basic education and job training, and schools for the elite focusing on preparation for higher education. It then discusses ongoing issues like lower educational attainment and university attendance rates among those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Studies discussed found that a person's social class still impacts opportunities and that students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds have poorer outcomes and are underrepresented among high achievers. The document examines factors like concentrations of disadvantage at the school-level independent of an individual's socioeconomic status that can impact student performance.
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This document discusses achieving universal primary education and closing the opportunity gap. It focuses on how the opportunity gap disproportionately impacts minority students by limiting their access to quality education and resources. The author resonates with this issue as an African American who had to work hard to prove their intelligence due to stereotypes. They suggest contributing locally by volunteering as a mentor to minority students and advocating for improved funding and resources at school board meetings. Closing the opportunity gap will help more students achieve success from early childhood through college.
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1) The US has high income inequality, with the top 1% earning 40% of income and the bottom 90% seeing little growth from 1966-2011. Higher education plays a role, as 55% of top earners have degrees vs only 8% of bottom earners.
2) Education leads to higher lifetime earnings - $1.1M without HS, $1.8M with associates, $2.8M with masters. As jobs require more skills, education is key to economic opportunity.
3) However, high college costs block access for many lower-income students. More support is needed to promote equal access to education and reduce inequality.
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Sociology artifact 2
1) The US has high income inequality, with the top 1% earning 40% of income and the bottom 90% seeing little growth from 1966-2011. Higher education contributes to this gap, as 55% of top earners have degrees vs only 8% of bottom earners.
2) Education leads to higher lifetime earnings - $1.1M without HS diploma, $1.8M with associate's, $2.8M with master's. As jobs require more skills, education becomes more important for income.
3) To address inequality, more financial aid is needed for lower-income students to access higher education and higher-paying careers. However, current aid mostly benefits wealthy students
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The document discusses the Gates Foundation's work in Washington State to address social inequities and improve opportunities for children and families. It focuses on four key areas: early learning, education pathways, homelessness and family stability, and strengthening communities. The overall goal is to help children thrive in stable families, great schools, and strong communities.
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This document summarizes a presentation on the challenges faced by diversity in higher education given at the 12th General Conference of the International Astronomical Union in Sao Paulo, Brazil in July 2004. The presentation discusses how higher education is being impacted by increased commercialization, privatization, and emphasis on workforce development over research. While this opens up access and new education providers, it also threatens the autonomy and cultural relevance of education in developing countries. The role of governments in ensuring quality, relevance, and a rational system that balances workforce needs, research, and academic freedom is discussed.
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The document discusses how independent colleges and universities in New York State are developing new academic programs in response to changes in fields of study, workforce needs, and technology. It provides examples of institutions that have introduced new majors in growing fields like health care, education, business, and digital media. It also describes how some schools partnered with regional employers or identified local workforce gaps to create new programs in specialized areas. Overall, the independent sector aims to anticipate future needs and offer innovative, interdisciplinary programs to prepare students for emerging careers and opportunities.
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20090420 10 Questions State Legislators Should Ask About Higher Education
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The document provides an overview of Southeast Asian studies for a final exam review. It includes brief descriptions of the geography, climate, and monsoon patterns of countries in the region like Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, and others. There are also sections on colonial history in Southeast Asia and how it shaped the region, the important Mekong River and its role in the region, as well as a history of Cambodia including the Kingdom of Angkor and Khmer Rouge genocide.
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The final exam for the SEA Studies course covers several topics in 3 sentences or less:
Part 1 focuses on identifying the countries of Southeast Asia on a map and their unique physical features. Part 2 examines the geography and climate of Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Myanmar, Cambodia and the Philippines. Part 3 requires describing the colonial history of Southeast Asia, including the motives for colonization. Part 4 provides facts about the Mekong River, Tonle Sap Lake, and Mekong Delta. Part 5 covers Cambodia's Angkor Wat Empire, religions, Pol Pot's rule, and farming. Part 8 examines Thai greetings and self-introductions. The teacher wishes the students good luck on the exam.
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Nearly 40,000 people in Cambodia have been injured by landmines since 1979 when an estimated 4-6 million unexplored landmines were planted during conflicts. Landmines cost only $3 to produce but $1,000 to clear. In Cambodia, they threaten lives and development by making land unusable for farming, schools, and housing. Several organizations like the Cambodia Mine Action and Victim Assistance Authority, Mines Advisory Group, and Halo Trust have worked to clear mines, removing over 66 square kilometers between 1993 and 1999. Individuals like Aki Ra, a former child soldier, have also worked to clear mines and help victims.
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The document discusses the Cambodian genocide carried out by the Khmer Rouge regime from 1975-1979, which aimed to transform Cambodia into an agrarian socialist society. It overviewed Pol Pot's violent policies like forced evacuations, slave labor, purging of intellectuals and religious figures, which resulted in the deaths of an estimated 1-3 million Cambodians. Several survivors stories are highlighted, including artists Vann Nath and journalist Dith Pran, who documented the atrocities and dedicated their lives to seeking justice and remembrance of the victims.
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Health experts warn of a measles outbreak in the Philippines, with cases increasing five times to over 17,000 this year due to inconsistent immunization programs and declining trust in vaccines, especially in conflict areas in the south. Just 7% of eligible children in conflict areas were immunized against measles. The CDC has warned travelers to the Philippines to ensure they are vaccinated against measles due to the outbreak.
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There has been an outbreak of 17,300 measles cases in the Philippines caused by inconsistent vaccinations and public distrust of the vaccine. The CDC has warned travelers to ensure they are vaccinated against measles when visiting the Philippines. Sources of distrust have led to questions about how to handle protecting public health when trust in certain measures has declined.
Current event
Thailand's national soccer team tied 0-0 with Malaysia in the AFF cup semifinals on December 1st, with Malaysia having a greater chance of winning and more shots on goal. Thailand has won 5 of the past 11 AFF cup titles and is the defending champion this year, meaning a win would give them a 50% winning percentage in the tournament.
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Thailand's soccer team tied 0-0 with Malaysia in the semifinals of the 2018 AFF Championship on December 1st, though Malaysia had a higher chance of winning at 63%. Thailand has won 5 titles previously and is the defending champion this year. The author questions whether Thailand will defeat Malaysia to win another title.
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The document provides information about the Loi Krathong festival in Thailand. It discusses the history and origins of the festival, how it is celebrated in different regions of Thailand, and includes the lyrics of a Loi Krathong song. The festival involves making krathong (small floats) out of natural materials like banana stalks and flowers, which people float on rivers, canals, and other bodies of water while making wishes for good fortune and the cleansing of bad luck. It then takes place across Thailand in various local forms during the full moon of the 12th lunar month, usually in November.
Loi krathong
The document provides information about the Loi Krathong festival in Thailand. Some key points:
- Loi Krathong is a festival held annually in Thailand on the full moon of the 12th lunar month, usually in November.
- It involves making krathong (small floats) from natural materials like banana leaves and flowers, and floating them on water while making wishes and offering prayers.
- The festival originated in the 13th century during the Sukhothai Kingdom as a way to honor the goddess of water and ask for forgiveness.
- Today it is celebrated throughout Thailand and involves floating krathong, lighting lanterns, fireworks, beauty pageants and dancing.
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Singapore plans to deploy drones to test delivering parcels and inspecting buildings in large areas like shopping malls and high-rise buildings. The new drone system will use high resolution cameras to analyze structures for defects and potentially replace human jobs like security and delivery.
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This document discusses the Minimalism: Space. Light. Object. art exhibit running until April 2023 at the National Gallery Singapore and ArtScience Museum. The five-month exhibition features over 150 works by 80+ artists and composers exploring the origins and development of Minimalist art from the 1950s to today, as well as its relationship to Asian art and the influence of Asian spirituality on the movement. Visitors can see pieces like Cargo and Ai Weiwei's Ton of tea exploring Minimalism's key themes.
Current event
The Singaporean Art Exhibit titled "Minimalism: Space. Light. Object" will feature over 150 works from more than 80 artists and 40 composers representing minimalism in Southeast Asia from the 1950s to the present. The 5 month exhibition will be held in two venues, the National Gallery Singapore and the ArtScience Museum at Marina Bay Sands, showing the influence of Asian spirituality and philosophy on minimalist works while allowing visitors to explore the evolution of minimalism over time.
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Uber is a transportation network company that offers ride-sharing, taxi, and food delivery services through a mobile app. Founded in 2009, Uber grew rapidly but faced scandals and leadership changes that slowed its growth. It is now letting go of over half a billion potential riders in Southeast Asia by selling its operations there to Grab and taking a large stake in the rival company, in an effort to recover from $4.5 billion in losses last year. This could give Grab an advantage over its rival Go-Jek in the region by acquiring UberEats.
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Script
- 1. Government or holding of power by selected on the basis of their ability A ruling or influential class of educated or skilled people He argues it’s the best model quote But the system has to evolve, to tackle new challenges and move away from a narrow focus on past academic merit, to recognise and celebrate a broader range of skills, talents, and strengths.unquote He was speaking on Oct 24 (Wednesday) at an event by charity EQUAL- ARK to recognise at risk-students whose social skills have improved through experiential learning with horses. Addressing the report, Mr Ong said that meritocracy has helped hundreds of thousands beat the odds - 15 years ago, only half of students from the bottom 20 per cent on the socio-economic scale went on to post-secondary education. Today, 9 in 10 do. Over the same period, the proportion of those from this group who went on to get a publicly-funded degree or diploma has risen from 40 to 50 per cent. But "what used to work for Them is starting to work against Them. "As families do well, they spare no effort in investing in the abilities of their children, especially when they believe in meritocracy. As a result, children from different family backgrounds are pushing off blocks from different starting lines." Ten years ago, about 20 percent of employed households had an income of $3,000 or less... Today, this has gone down to well below 15 per cent. But that also means that the smaller group of families that continue to remain poor and have low income are facing more difficult challenges."