U.S. scrap tire recycling rebounded in 2013, with the tire-derived fuel sector returning to form but the recycling-related markets not faring as well. Michael Blumenthal talks about the regrowth of those markets.
A new batch of companies is pursuing advanced technologies to extract recycled rubber or carbon black from scrap tires on a commercial scale. Previous attempts at tire recycling plants using devulcanization or other technologies often failed to materialize. The most advanced current approach uses cryogenic milling to produce micronized rubber powder from tires, which can be incorporated at up to 40% in new rubber products. Other approaches focus on recovering carbon black through catalytic pyrolysis. Companies pursuing devulcanization or carbon black recovery argue their approaches can capture more value from scrap tires than current methods like incineration or use in playground surfaces. However, fully reversing vulcanization or applying these technologies at large commercial scale remains challenging.
The ASTM Standards for Scrap Tire-Derived MaterialsShayna Blumenthal
The document discusses ASTM standards for scrap tire-derived materials. It provides an overview of several ASTM standards including those for ground rubber, tire-derived fuel, asphalt rubber, tire-derived aggregate, loose fill playground rubber, and rubber infill. The standards help legitimize the scrap tire industry by providing consistent terminology, testing procedures, and material specifications. While not perfect, the ASTM standards overall provide a positive framework for the industry. Similar CEN standards also exist in Europe.
The Scrap Tire Situation After 30 Years: Where Is The Industry Today?Shayna Blumenthal
The document summarizes the history and current state of the scrap tire industry over the past 30 years from 1985 to 2015. It discusses how in the early years, there were large stockpiles of tires and few end markets. Regulations and markets developed through the 1990s. Today, over 90% of scrap tires are used in end markets, though some regions lack demand. Current issues include plateauing markets, environmental concerns about ground rubber, and fewer state agencies actively involved in scrap tire programs.
Michael Blumenthal is an internationally recognized expert in scrap tire management with over 30 years of experience. He has led national programs that achieved a 90% reduction in scrap tires going to landfills. Through developing end markets, legislation, and standards, he implemented strategies to increase recycling and proper disposal of scrap tires. He has organized over 100 conferences and workshops, published over 120 articles, and given 365 public presentations on tire recycling issues.
Michael Blumenthal, President of Marshay, Inc., will be a co-keynote speaker at the inaugural New Zealand Tyre Industry Summit on June 2nd and 3rd in Auckland, New Zealand. He will participate in panels on global scrap tire legislation and regulations, lessons from other countries' end-of-life tire management programs, and harmonizing rubber recycling standards. The conference will provide an opportunity to discuss developing effective scrap tire management schemes tailored for New Zealand's environment.
Jacob Peled, The executive chairman of the Pelmar Engineering Group was a featured speaker at the Future Tire Conference October 2014 in Brussels, Belgium.
Years of experience in the tire industry were carried at Jacob's keynotes speeches about Future Tire Plants at the Conference, providing key insights about the criterias upon tire plants will be built in the future, with respect to the major changes in the various tire production departments.
We as a nation have chosen to avoid all to long the central issue of how to best dispose of oursolid waste while at the same time protect the environment and the health of the public. Onlyrecently have all levels of government in conjunction with private industry focused on this critical problem. Those trends have generated growing concerns about the utilization ofrecyclable products in consumer and industrial applications, combined with increased consumerawareness surrounding solid waste recycling, and clean energy.
Consistent with the rising public support of President Obama's clean energy initiative and theincreased demand for recycled products, Future Concepts International (FCI), hope to build andfully operating recycling processing facility in Lowndes County, Mississippi. At the facility, wepropose to recycle tires, metals, E-Waste, paper, biomass, MSW, glass, and plastics, which willimmediately resolve issues pertaining to the environment and relieve the local public,surrounding areas, and communities-at-large of growing environmental concerns.
A new batch of companies is pursuing advanced technologies to extract recycled rubber or carbon black from scrap tires on a commercial scale. Previous attempts at tire recycling plants using devulcanization or other technologies often failed to materialize. The most advanced current approach uses cryogenic milling to produce micronized rubber powder from tires, which can be incorporated at up to 40% in new rubber products. Other approaches focus on recovering carbon black through catalytic pyrolysis. Companies pursuing devulcanization or carbon black recovery argue their approaches can capture more value from scrap tires than current methods like incineration or use in playground surfaces. However, fully reversing vulcanization or applying these technologies at large commercial scale remains challenging.
The ASTM Standards for Scrap Tire-Derived MaterialsShayna Blumenthal
The document discusses ASTM standards for scrap tire-derived materials. It provides an overview of several ASTM standards including those for ground rubber, tire-derived fuel, asphalt rubber, tire-derived aggregate, loose fill playground rubber, and rubber infill. The standards help legitimize the scrap tire industry by providing consistent terminology, testing procedures, and material specifications. While not perfect, the ASTM standards overall provide a positive framework for the industry. Similar CEN standards also exist in Europe.
The Scrap Tire Situation After 30 Years: Where Is The Industry Today?Shayna Blumenthal
The document summarizes the history and current state of the scrap tire industry over the past 30 years from 1985 to 2015. It discusses how in the early years, there were large stockpiles of tires and few end markets. Regulations and markets developed through the 1990s. Today, over 90% of scrap tires are used in end markets, though some regions lack demand. Current issues include plateauing markets, environmental concerns about ground rubber, and fewer state agencies actively involved in scrap tire programs.
Michael Blumenthal is an internationally recognized expert in scrap tire management with over 30 years of experience. He has led national programs that achieved a 90% reduction in scrap tires going to landfills. Through developing end markets, legislation, and standards, he implemented strategies to increase recycling and proper disposal of scrap tires. He has organized over 100 conferences and workshops, published over 120 articles, and given 365 public presentations on tire recycling issues.
Michael Blumenthal, President of Marshay, Inc., will be a co-keynote speaker at the inaugural New Zealand Tyre Industry Summit on June 2nd and 3rd in Auckland, New Zealand. He will participate in panels on global scrap tire legislation and regulations, lessons from other countries' end-of-life tire management programs, and harmonizing rubber recycling standards. The conference will provide an opportunity to discuss developing effective scrap tire management schemes tailored for New Zealand's environment.
Jacob Peled, The executive chairman of the Pelmar Engineering Group was a featured speaker at the Future Tire Conference October 2014 in Brussels, Belgium.
Years of experience in the tire industry were carried at Jacob's keynotes speeches about Future Tire Plants at the Conference, providing key insights about the criterias upon tire plants will be built in the future, with respect to the major changes in the various tire production departments.
We as a nation have chosen to avoid all to long the central issue of how to best dispose of oursolid waste while at the same time protect the environment and the health of the public. Onlyrecently have all levels of government in conjunction with private industry focused on this critical problem. Those trends have generated growing concerns about the utilization ofrecyclable products in consumer and industrial applications, combined with increased consumerawareness surrounding solid waste recycling, and clean energy.
Consistent with the rising public support of President Obama's clean energy initiative and theincreased demand for recycled products, Future Concepts International (FCI), hope to build andfully operating recycling processing facility in Lowndes County, Mississippi. At the facility, wepropose to recycle tires, metals, E-Waste, paper, biomass, MSW, glass, and plastics, which willimmediately resolve issues pertaining to the environment and relieve the local public,surrounding areas, and communities-at-large of growing environmental concerns.
The document proposes a state-of-the-art recycling facility called the Earth Ship Project that would recycle tires, metals, e-waste, paper, biomass, municipal solid waste, glass, and plastics. It would create 300-1200 jobs and generate millions of dollars weekly by producing products like tire derived fuel, crumb rubber, and septic tank chips to sell to manufacturers. The facility would be a 100,000 square foot plant near a railway and interstate that would process recyclables in two phases and transform the local community.
Mercedes-Benz was found to distort fuel efficiency figures the most in Europe according to a study by Transport & Environment. Mercedes vehicles consumed 40% more fuel on average than advertised, compared to an average 31% for other brands. The difference between advertised and actual fuel consumption has increased over time from 8% in 2001 to over 40% currently, due in part to competition and stricter fuel economy regulations. Techniques used by manufacturers to inflate test results include over-inflating tires, using special engine lubricants, taping air ducts, and modifying brakes and wheels. A new global testing standard is intended to be implemented in 2017 but car companies are attempting to postpone this until 2022.
Indonesia cement industry competition & market share Hans Mohammad
Indonesia cement producers faced threat from new entrants after years compete in oligopoly market. What strategy they must do to channel their additional cement volume, having completed massive expansion projects in overcapacity market.. .
18_A. Nicolopoulos_Titan Cement_How Titan Cement adds value to society thrrou...Dirk Lechtenberg
This document summarizes Titan Cement's use of alternative fuels (AF) in cement production. It describes how Titan developed an AF business to provide an environmentally-friendly solution for waste disposal. It details Titan's AF usage at plants in various countries, including Greece, Bulgaria, the USA, and Egypt. For its plant in Bulgaria, Titan established a subsidiary called GAEA to process waste into refuse-derived fuel (RDF) for cement kilns. The annex provides diagrams and photos illustrating Titan's RDF facility at its Zlatna Panega plant in Bulgaria.
This document provides an overview of Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) as an alternative paving material for cold weather conditions in Canada. It describes WMA technologies that allow asphalt mixtures to be produced and laid at lower temperatures than conventional Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). These technologies include water foaming processes, additives, and synthetic binders. The document evaluates the costs and environmental benefits of WMA compared to HMA and concludes that WMA can extend the paving season while reducing emissions and energy usage.
The Indonesia Cement Industry market landscape in 2015, including major suppliers; cement projects under planning & construction and supply & demand projection up to 2025.
The document discusses the potential of biomass industries to provide renewable and sustainable alternatives to petroleum and timber-based products. It describes how biomass can be used to produce fuels, electricity, materials and chemicals. However, biomass industries currently struggle to compete due to artificial price supports for other industries and a failure to consider full environmental and social costs. For biomass industries to thrive, policies need to factor in total lifecycle costs and redirect subsidies currently given to non-renewable industries toward research, development and infrastructure for bioproducts.
Use of hydrocarbons in vehicle air conditioning in australia (virtual) UNEP OzonAction
OKA Australia, a manufacturer of 4WD vehicles, has selected hydrocarbon refrigerants from HyChill Australia for use in their production vehicles. This makes OKA the first vehicle manufacturer worldwide to use hydrocarbon refrigerants. Hydrocarbons provide superior performance to HFC-134a, especially in high heat conditions, while also having a lower environmental impact. Their use in OKA vehicles will provide increased efficiency and a reduced carbon footprint.
LANXESS is a leading specialty chemicals company that develops lightweight design solutions to help automakers build lighter vehicles. These solutions include advanced high-performance plastics and plastic-metal hybrid components that can reduce vehicle weight by up to 50% compared to all-metal designs. Lighter vehicles consume less fuel and emit fewer emissions, helping automakers, drivers, and the environment.
Rubber Research, Inc. Initiates Contact with California to Recycle End-Of-Lif...flashnewsrelease
RRI is poised to provide major support for the State of California’s efforts to meet its mandate to manage more than 75 million discarded rubber tires.
The EU is introducing mandatory tyre labels that provide information on fuel efficiency, wet grip, and noise levels. The fuel efficiency label uses a scale from A to G, and the difference in fuel consumption between the best and worst tyres can be up to 7.5% for cars. Wet grip is also rated A to G based on braking distances, with a 30% difference between the best and worst tyres. The noise label indicates whether a tyre meets the current or future EU noise limits. The labels aim to reduce fuel costs and environmental impact while maintaining safety.
CATIII International has the experience and capability to maximise container usage. Post-consumer tyres are becoming a material of choice for civil engineers, developers and manufacturers. Tyre recycling is a means of promoting sustainable development while providing environmentally sound, economically feasible applications and products. The sector is developing rapidly in many world regions where new civil engineering and construction applications and products are being successfully tested, employed and systematised.
The 13th China International Tyre Resources Recycling Expo organized by China Tyre Recycling Association was held in association with Reifen China 2016 and enriched the exhibits range with tyre retreading, rubber powder, reclaimed rubber and waste tyre pyrolyzing, forming a complete industry chain of rubber products from manufacturing to circulation utilisation.
The dignitaries from the China rubber industry who visited the expo included Li Shousheng, Chairman of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, Deng Yali, Chairman of China Rubber Industry Association, Hong Zonglu, Chairman of Taiwan Rubber & Elastomers Association, Zhu Jun, Chairman of China Tyre Recycling Association, Zheng Wenrong, Secretary-General of China Natural Rubber Association, and Qi Runtong, Vice Chairman of China Synthetic Rubber Industry Association.
We would like to know if China has an appetite for utilising empty containers by filling them with used tyres from the UK and Europe and processing them into shred and crumb to be used in civil engineering projects.
CEMEX is baed out of Mexico and is one of the top ten producers of cement in world. This presentation is study of cement industry illustrating some frameworks used in Strategy Management.
The TireHub Story Presented at the Supply Chain Insights Global Summit 2019Lora Cecere
Presentation by Peter Gibbons, CEO of TireHub on the evolution of the channel for tire manufacturing in the United States. To improve service historic competitors collaborate to redefine the channel.
The cement industry in India faces high transportation costs due to the expensive nature of transporting cement over long distances. Most cement is transported by road for shorter distances less than 250km, but the industry relies heavily on roads due to inadequate railway infrastructure. Transportation accounts for around 25% of the total cost of cement. Companies are experimenting with alternative transportation methods like sea and bulk transport to reduce costs.
Cement is an important element for a nation's economy as this binder is a building material used for infrastructure and property development. As such, cement sales gives valuable information about savings and investment in a country. Rapidly accelerating domestic cement sales are a sign that the infrastructure as well as the property sectors are booming. The cement industry of Indonesia is a lively one. The country's total installed production capacity expanded from 37.8 million tons in 2010 to over 100 million tons in 2016, while domestic sales surged from 40 million tons to an estimated 60 million tons over the same period. However, similar to other industries, Indonesia's cement sector has been plagued by Indonesia's economic slowdown that started in 2011. After rapidly rising cement sales in the years 2010-2012, sales started to slow from 2013 onward due to slowing economic growth, weakening purchasing power, low commodity prices, uncertainties surrounding the winners of Indonesia's 2014 legislative and presidential elections, and the higher benchmark interest rate (raised aggressively in 2013 in an effort to combat high inflation, the wide current account deficit and to support the ailing rupiah amid monetary tightening in the USA). Apart from the higher interest rate, Indonesia's central bank also implemented other measures that cooled the country's property market, such as a higher down payment requirement. In 2016 this tighter monetary trend reversed. Bank Indonesia cut its key BI rate and raised the loan-to-value ratio for the purchase of a house in a bid to boost the nation's sluggish property sector. This may bring some new life in this sector in the second half of 2016. The residential property market accounts for the majority of cement demand in Indonesia and therefore the nation's cement players are eagerly waiting for a rebound in the property sector.
The document discusses the challenges faced by machine suppliers to the corrugated board industry over the past 25 years. Many suppliers have gone out of business or been acquired due to financial difficulties. The high costs of innovation and low profit margins on machine sales have made it difficult for suppliers to invest in new technologies. Additionally, consolidation among box makers and pressure to lower machine prices has reduced opportunities for suppliers to earn returns. Unless the industry supports suppliers through responsible purchasing, the long-term sustainability of innovation is at risk.
AGENDA
Introduction
Types of cement
Economic status
Top 5 Globally
Top 5 Nationally
SWOT
Impact
Future
Introduction
What is Cement?
Raw materials
Origin
Basic ingredient for the construction industry
Michelin has been innovating tires for over 125 years, introducing technologies like the removable steel-wheel spare tire, radial tires, and tires with silica instead of carbon black. The presentation discusses Michelin's vision for a more sustainable 3D printed tire of the future that can be customized for each user's mobility needs. It also outlines Michelin's efforts to increase sustainability through initiatives like sourcing deforestation-free rubber, reducing waste and emissions, and developing tires made of renewable and recycled materials.
1. LinkedIn - As a B2B-focused platform, LinkedIn allows Lafarge to connect with industry professionals and highlight their innovations, expertise, and projects.
2. YouTube - Posting videos about Lafarge's products and sustainability efforts on YouTube can help increase their visibility and position them as a leader in these areas.
Solid tire are generally made of solid rubber and plastic compounds via moldings operations. They are prominently used in industrial and commercial applications and are non-pneumatic.
Demand across Construction and Packaging Industries to Help GCC Molded Plasti...Paresh Choudhary
The document discusses a report on the molded plastics market in GCC countries from 2015 to 2023. It finds that rising demand from the construction and packaging sectors will help drive significant growth in the market. The market is highly fragmented and competitive. It is also impacted by economic conditions in Europe, as European countries are key exporters of GCC molded plastics. While Saudi Arabia and UAE will see the most opportunities, growth in Bahrain will be sluggish due to low penetration and slow economic growth there. Overall, the GCC molded plastics market is projected to expand at a CAGR of 8.3% over the given period.
The document proposes a state-of-the-art recycling facility called the Earth Ship Project that would recycle tires, metals, e-waste, paper, biomass, municipal solid waste, glass, and plastics. It would create 300-1200 jobs and generate millions of dollars weekly by producing products like tire derived fuel, crumb rubber, and septic tank chips to sell to manufacturers. The facility would be a 100,000 square foot plant near a railway and interstate that would process recyclables in two phases and transform the local community.
Mercedes-Benz was found to distort fuel efficiency figures the most in Europe according to a study by Transport & Environment. Mercedes vehicles consumed 40% more fuel on average than advertised, compared to an average 31% for other brands. The difference between advertised and actual fuel consumption has increased over time from 8% in 2001 to over 40% currently, due in part to competition and stricter fuel economy regulations. Techniques used by manufacturers to inflate test results include over-inflating tires, using special engine lubricants, taping air ducts, and modifying brakes and wheels. A new global testing standard is intended to be implemented in 2017 but car companies are attempting to postpone this until 2022.
Indonesia cement industry competition & market share Hans Mohammad
Indonesia cement producers faced threat from new entrants after years compete in oligopoly market. What strategy they must do to channel their additional cement volume, having completed massive expansion projects in overcapacity market.. .
18_A. Nicolopoulos_Titan Cement_How Titan Cement adds value to society thrrou...Dirk Lechtenberg
This document summarizes Titan Cement's use of alternative fuels (AF) in cement production. It describes how Titan developed an AF business to provide an environmentally-friendly solution for waste disposal. It details Titan's AF usage at plants in various countries, including Greece, Bulgaria, the USA, and Egypt. For its plant in Bulgaria, Titan established a subsidiary called GAEA to process waste into refuse-derived fuel (RDF) for cement kilns. The annex provides diagrams and photos illustrating Titan's RDF facility at its Zlatna Panega plant in Bulgaria.
This document provides an overview of Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) as an alternative paving material for cold weather conditions in Canada. It describes WMA technologies that allow asphalt mixtures to be produced and laid at lower temperatures than conventional Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). These technologies include water foaming processes, additives, and synthetic binders. The document evaluates the costs and environmental benefits of WMA compared to HMA and concludes that WMA can extend the paving season while reducing emissions and energy usage.
The Indonesia Cement Industry market landscape in 2015, including major suppliers; cement projects under planning & construction and supply & demand projection up to 2025.
The document discusses the potential of biomass industries to provide renewable and sustainable alternatives to petroleum and timber-based products. It describes how biomass can be used to produce fuels, electricity, materials and chemicals. However, biomass industries currently struggle to compete due to artificial price supports for other industries and a failure to consider full environmental and social costs. For biomass industries to thrive, policies need to factor in total lifecycle costs and redirect subsidies currently given to non-renewable industries toward research, development and infrastructure for bioproducts.
Use of hydrocarbons in vehicle air conditioning in australia (virtual) UNEP OzonAction
OKA Australia, a manufacturer of 4WD vehicles, has selected hydrocarbon refrigerants from HyChill Australia for use in their production vehicles. This makes OKA the first vehicle manufacturer worldwide to use hydrocarbon refrigerants. Hydrocarbons provide superior performance to HFC-134a, especially in high heat conditions, while also having a lower environmental impact. Their use in OKA vehicles will provide increased efficiency and a reduced carbon footprint.
LANXESS is a leading specialty chemicals company that develops lightweight design solutions to help automakers build lighter vehicles. These solutions include advanced high-performance plastics and plastic-metal hybrid components that can reduce vehicle weight by up to 50% compared to all-metal designs. Lighter vehicles consume less fuel and emit fewer emissions, helping automakers, drivers, and the environment.
Rubber Research, Inc. Initiates Contact with California to Recycle End-Of-Lif...flashnewsrelease
RRI is poised to provide major support for the State of California’s efforts to meet its mandate to manage more than 75 million discarded rubber tires.
The EU is introducing mandatory tyre labels that provide information on fuel efficiency, wet grip, and noise levels. The fuel efficiency label uses a scale from A to G, and the difference in fuel consumption between the best and worst tyres can be up to 7.5% for cars. Wet grip is also rated A to G based on braking distances, with a 30% difference between the best and worst tyres. The noise label indicates whether a tyre meets the current or future EU noise limits. The labels aim to reduce fuel costs and environmental impact while maintaining safety.
CATIII International has the experience and capability to maximise container usage. Post-consumer tyres are becoming a material of choice for civil engineers, developers and manufacturers. Tyre recycling is a means of promoting sustainable development while providing environmentally sound, economically feasible applications and products. The sector is developing rapidly in many world regions where new civil engineering and construction applications and products are being successfully tested, employed and systematised.
The 13th China International Tyre Resources Recycling Expo organized by China Tyre Recycling Association was held in association with Reifen China 2016 and enriched the exhibits range with tyre retreading, rubber powder, reclaimed rubber and waste tyre pyrolyzing, forming a complete industry chain of rubber products from manufacturing to circulation utilisation.
The dignitaries from the China rubber industry who visited the expo included Li Shousheng, Chairman of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, Deng Yali, Chairman of China Rubber Industry Association, Hong Zonglu, Chairman of Taiwan Rubber & Elastomers Association, Zhu Jun, Chairman of China Tyre Recycling Association, Zheng Wenrong, Secretary-General of China Natural Rubber Association, and Qi Runtong, Vice Chairman of China Synthetic Rubber Industry Association.
We would like to know if China has an appetite for utilising empty containers by filling them with used tyres from the UK and Europe and processing them into shred and crumb to be used in civil engineering projects.
CEMEX is baed out of Mexico and is one of the top ten producers of cement in world. This presentation is study of cement industry illustrating some frameworks used in Strategy Management.
The TireHub Story Presented at the Supply Chain Insights Global Summit 2019Lora Cecere
Presentation by Peter Gibbons, CEO of TireHub on the evolution of the channel for tire manufacturing in the United States. To improve service historic competitors collaborate to redefine the channel.
The cement industry in India faces high transportation costs due to the expensive nature of transporting cement over long distances. Most cement is transported by road for shorter distances less than 250km, but the industry relies heavily on roads due to inadequate railway infrastructure. Transportation accounts for around 25% of the total cost of cement. Companies are experimenting with alternative transportation methods like sea and bulk transport to reduce costs.
Cement is an important element for a nation's economy as this binder is a building material used for infrastructure and property development. As such, cement sales gives valuable information about savings and investment in a country. Rapidly accelerating domestic cement sales are a sign that the infrastructure as well as the property sectors are booming. The cement industry of Indonesia is a lively one. The country's total installed production capacity expanded from 37.8 million tons in 2010 to over 100 million tons in 2016, while domestic sales surged from 40 million tons to an estimated 60 million tons over the same period. However, similar to other industries, Indonesia's cement sector has been plagued by Indonesia's economic slowdown that started in 2011. After rapidly rising cement sales in the years 2010-2012, sales started to slow from 2013 onward due to slowing economic growth, weakening purchasing power, low commodity prices, uncertainties surrounding the winners of Indonesia's 2014 legislative and presidential elections, and the higher benchmark interest rate (raised aggressively in 2013 in an effort to combat high inflation, the wide current account deficit and to support the ailing rupiah amid monetary tightening in the USA). Apart from the higher interest rate, Indonesia's central bank also implemented other measures that cooled the country's property market, such as a higher down payment requirement. In 2016 this tighter monetary trend reversed. Bank Indonesia cut its key BI rate and raised the loan-to-value ratio for the purchase of a house in a bid to boost the nation's sluggish property sector. This may bring some new life in this sector in the second half of 2016. The residential property market accounts for the majority of cement demand in Indonesia and therefore the nation's cement players are eagerly waiting for a rebound in the property sector.
The document discusses the challenges faced by machine suppliers to the corrugated board industry over the past 25 years. Many suppliers have gone out of business or been acquired due to financial difficulties. The high costs of innovation and low profit margins on machine sales have made it difficult for suppliers to invest in new technologies. Additionally, consolidation among box makers and pressure to lower machine prices has reduced opportunities for suppliers to earn returns. Unless the industry supports suppliers through responsible purchasing, the long-term sustainability of innovation is at risk.
AGENDA
Introduction
Types of cement
Economic status
Top 5 Globally
Top 5 Nationally
SWOT
Impact
Future
Introduction
What is Cement?
Raw materials
Origin
Basic ingredient for the construction industry
Michelin has been innovating tires for over 125 years, introducing technologies like the removable steel-wheel spare tire, radial tires, and tires with silica instead of carbon black. The presentation discusses Michelin's vision for a more sustainable 3D printed tire of the future that can be customized for each user's mobility needs. It also outlines Michelin's efforts to increase sustainability through initiatives like sourcing deforestation-free rubber, reducing waste and emissions, and developing tires made of renewable and recycled materials.
1. LinkedIn - As a B2B-focused platform, LinkedIn allows Lafarge to connect with industry professionals and highlight their innovations, expertise, and projects.
2. YouTube - Posting videos about Lafarge's products and sustainability efforts on YouTube can help increase their visibility and position them as a leader in these areas.
Solid tire are generally made of solid rubber and plastic compounds via moldings operations. They are prominently used in industrial and commercial applications and are non-pneumatic.
Demand across Construction and Packaging Industries to Help GCC Molded Plasti...Paresh Choudhary
The document discusses a report on the molded plastics market in GCC countries from 2015 to 2023. It finds that rising demand from the construction and packaging sectors will help drive significant growth in the market. The market is highly fragmented and competitive. It is also impacted by economic conditions in Europe, as European countries are key exporters of GCC molded plastics. While Saudi Arabia and UAE will see the most opportunities, growth in Bahrain will be sluggish due to low penetration and slow economic growth there. Overall, the GCC molded plastics market is projected to expand at a CAGR of 8.3% over the given period.
The Indian tyre industry is driven by demand from the automobile industry. It caters to original equipment manufacturers and the replacement market. The domestic tyre market is led by two and three wheeler tyres. There are around 39 companies in the industry, with the top 10 accounting for 85-90% of the market. Tyre production increased marginally in 2015-16 due to sluggish automobile production growth.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Paver Blocks using Waste TyresIRJET Journal
The study experimentally investigates the use of crumbled waste tire particles as a partial replacement for sand in paver blocks. Various mixtures were prepared with tire particle replacements of 0%, 8%, 10%, 12%, and 25% and tested at 3, 7, and 28 days to determine compressive strength. The results showed that a 10% replacement of sand with tire particles is possible while still meeting the target compressive strength requirement, with higher replacements leading to lower strengths.
Airless Tires Market in North America to cross USD 56 million over the foreca...Mayur Yeole
The document discusses the airless tires market. It states that the market is expected to reach 139 thousand units by 2024, driven by demand from off-road and heavy commercial vehicles as well as the military sector. Manufacturers are focusing on developing airless tires for utility vehicles and using recycled materials to make more eco-friendly products. Automakers are also adopting airless tires to reduce vehicle weight.
Tyre industry in india competition or collusionPallav Prasad
The Indian tyre industry is highly concentrated, with the top 10 companies accounting for over 95% of production. There have been allegations of collusion between major players to fix prices. An investigation by the Competition Commission of India found evidence that companies were not passing on reductions in excise duty to consumers and engaged in parallel pricing. However, the presence of powerful original equipment manufacturers and import competition made sustaining a cartel difficult. The industry faces high barriers to entry and risks from volatile raw material prices.
The document discusses strategies for shifting perceptions about post-consumer tyres and the retreading industry in order to create new opportunities. It analyzes strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats through a SWOT analysis. It also considers political, economic, social and technological factors through a PEST analysis. Key points include differentiating retreading from other recycling methods, emphasizing its environmental benefits, and targeting new customer groups like women and local governments to improve the industry's image and market position. Tactics proposed include media campaigns and lobbying efforts.
Assignment 2nd porter model of michelin companyMirzaghalibali
This document summarizes an assignment submitted by Mirza Ghalib Ali on Porter's model analysis of Michelin according to geographic segmentation. It discusses Michelin's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Specifically, it notes Michelin faces increasing raw material costs and intense competition but opportunities in emerging passenger car and truck tire markets in Asia and a positive outlook for the aircraft industry.
Running head AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY ANALYSIS13.docxtoddr4
Running head: AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 1
3
Automotive Industry Analysis
Team 5
Automotive Industry Analysis
Executive Summary
The following report is a strategic analysis of the Automotive Industry. This report will use several resources to analyze the industry and overall market. Additionally, including the information gathered from strategic and analytical recommendations are considered for the Automotive Industry analysis which could help achieve a greater market share in this industry.
The report analysis includes the external industry environment which includes, …. Additionally, a PESTEL analysis as well as Five Forces analysis has been conducted. These are important to understand the market environment of the industry needed by anyone trying grow or enter this market.
Introduction
The automotive industry is an industry that has been steadily growing over the several decades due to rising demand for vehicles. There is a considerable market share for the supply which occurs although the industry faces immense challenges to do with governance and political interests (Wells & Rawlinson, 2009). The consumers of the automotive sector mostly include individuals, organizations, governments, and institutions. The industry has been steadily marked by around five hundred players who have been regularly producing cars over the last few decades. The first boom that was related to the automobile industry was in the nineteen-hundred where the demand for vehicles shot up due to the change of governance and industrialization.
Background
The first dominant players in the market were France and closely followed by Germany. Eventually, Germany was the most significant car producers. The needs for mass production lead to the emergence of Japanese brands and the United States as well (Winkelhake, 2018). Many companies that first started as the most desirable brands are being phased out while others are barely making enough profit due to factors associated with the external environment of the industry. Strategic choices have to be considered to ensure survival in a highly competitive market. The industry has faced an immense shift in the external environment that has led to the market players having to be innovative to keep their competitive advantage.
Part 1: External Environmental Analysis
General Environmental Analysis
A PESTEL analysis was conducted to evaluate all relevant external factors and evaluating macro-economic influences the industry may have.
Political factors
The automobile industry has been having challenges of a political nature due to the interests that the governments have on the industry (Kaplan & Smolkin, 2009). The benefits are but of a positive and negative environment. For instance, fuel emissions from guzzlers are a significant issue of concern to the politics in a country such a United States of America. It has led to the imposition of tax on vehicles that have high emissions, and this affects the production a.
This document provides an analysis of the Indian cement industry. It discusses the industry overview including key applications of cement and India being the 2nd largest producer globally. It then covers the industry structure including characteristics such as a mix of large and mini cement plants clustered by limestone availability. The document also examines factors such as the energy intensive nature requiring high power costs, environmental impacts, and history of the industry from early rapid growth to periods of control and decontrol.
The document provides an overview of India's cement industry. It discusses that India has the second largest cement production capacity in the world after China. While cement demand has grown around 9-10% annually, per capita consumption remains low compared to global averages, indicating further growth potential. Key factors like housing driving majority of demand, regional clusters, input costs, and government initiatives are examined. The outlook suggests cement demand will be driven by infrastructure and housing, though overcapacity may weigh on prices in the near term.
Overview of Tyre Raw Materials Market
HANMIX Profile: Quality is the Lifeline of an Enterprise
HANMIX Tyre Products
Summary of China Tyre Market
Most Valuable Brands within the Automotive Sector Worldwide as of 2018
HANMIX Light Truck Radial Tyre
Sustainable Rubber, Autonomous Vehicles on Industry Agenda
HANMIX Character Story-- Tyrone
HANMIX Off-The-Road Tyre
Commercial Vehicle Registrations in the EU
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The global market for rubber sheet is expected to grow from $ 4,527.8 million in 2021 to $ 5,173.0 million in 2026. The market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 2.7% over the forecast period (2021-2026). Some of the market's key participants are Aero, American Biltrite, BRP, Contitech, Great wall, Gubai, HUAXIA, Hanna, JSRB, Jingdong, Jinteng, Nanjing dongrun, Rubberteck, Semperflex, TOGAWA, Tianhao, WARCO BILTRITE, Zenith. This report intends to identify significant growth areas and to explore relevant market strategies. This in-depth analysis delves into the global market for rubber sheet. The primary goal of this research is to examine the potential growth areas, significant trends, and the market's impact on the industry. The report also reviews the adoption of rubber sheet in both established and emerging markets.
Introduction of the company ,Market structure ,Cost structure, Substitutes and complement goods , Major current and past reasons for variation in demand and supply,Regression analysis for past 10 years ,Forecast variable ‘sales’
This report analyzes the US coated fabric industry from 2001 to 2021. It provides historical demand data and forecasts coated fabric demand by coating, substrate, and market. The report finds that US coated fabric demand is forecast to increase 3.5% annually to 635 million square yards in 2016, driven by economic growth and rebounding construction and auto production. Polymer-coated fabrics such as vinyl, polyethylene, and polypropylene will see the fastest gains. The motor vehicle market accounts for 27% of demand, with airbags providing the best growth opportunities. The report also profiles 40 US industry competitors.
This document provides an overview of the rubber industry in India. It discusses the different types of rubber including natural and synthetic rubber. It outlines the research methodology used in the study including exploratory research design and secondary data sources. It then examines the usage of rubber in various applications. Key analyses of the industry are presented including PESTLE, Porter's Five Forces, SWOT and opportunities/threats. Challenges in the industry are rising raw material prices and threat of cheaper imports. Opportunities exist in growing automotive and OEM demand.
This document provides an overview of the global consumer packaging industry for metal, glass, and plastic products. It discusses the key details of the industry structure including the large size of the market at $304.6 billion annually, with plastic packaging making up the largest segment at 58.8%. The largest geographic markets are the Americas, Europe, and Asia-Pacific. Large multinational companies dominate the industry and pursue strategies of product diversity and global scope. The document performs a strategic group analysis, identifying three main groups based on their levels of product diversity and global location.
IRJET- Experimental Study on the Properties of Concrete with Partial Repl...IRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental study on the properties of concrete with partial replacement of fine aggregates with waste tire crumb rubber. Cubes and cylinders of M20 grade concrete were cast with fine aggregate replacement of 4%, 8%, 12%, 16%, and 20% by volume with crumb rubber. The specimens were tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and slump at 7, 14, and 28 days. The study aims to determine the optimal level of crumb rubber replacement to maximize strength properties and compare results to a control M20 concrete mix without replacement. The properties of materials used like cement, aggregates, and crumb rubber are detailed. The mix design and methodology of casting and curing specimens is also provided.
IRJET- Use of Plastic Aggregate and Crumb Rubber in Flexible PavementIRJET Journal
The document summarizes research on using plastic aggregate and crumb rubber in flexible pavement. It aims to address the problems of plastic waste disposal and use of rubber waste by developing an eco-friendly way of incorporating these materials into road construction. The research involved testing plastic aggregate and bitumen modified with crumb rubber to determine optimum proportions for strength. Results showed that using these waste materials can increase strength and durability of roads while reducing the need for bitumen and preventing environmental pollution from waste disposal. The research concluded that plastic roads offer benefits like increased lifespan and reduced resource usage for construction.
This document contains a student declaration signed by four students stating that the report they prepared on the international business practices of the cement industry in Bangladesh has not been previously submitted for another qualification. It also contains a certificate of acceptance signed by their supervisor and the dean, confirming the report was prepared under their supervision. The report then provides an overview of the Bangladesh cement industry, including production methods, economic impact, SWOT analysis and recommendations. It concludes that the industry has significant growth potential and recommends various actions to increase its success in both domestic and foreign markets.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Blumenthal on Scrap Tire Markets
1. www.scrap.org MAY/JUNE 2015 _ Scrap_ 117
After its recessionary downturn in
2011, the U.S. tire recycling market
bounced back strongly in 2013, setting
a record for the proportion of scrap
tires (if not the tonnage) that found
a beneficial use. Of the 233 million
end-of-life tires the United States
generated in 2013, roughly 224 mil-
lion, or almost 96 percent, found a
home, up nearly 13 percent from 2011,
according to the 2013 U.S. Scrap Tire
Management Summary, which the
Rubber Manufacturers Association
(Washington, D.C.) issued in November
2014. “The 2013 market was so much
stronger because the recession was
ending and we were heading back
toward more normal conditions eco-
nomically,” says John Sheerin, RMA’s
end-of-life tire programs director.
Tire-derived fuel was the big winner
in the 2011 to 2013 period, while most
recycling-focused markets lost ground.
RMA’s report gives more detail on each
of the sectors, and Scrap asked market
participants to weigh in on the dynam-
ics behind the numbers and future
directions for the industry.
Fueling Demand
In 2013, the tire-derived fuel market
consumed about 58 percent of recov-
ered end-of-life tires in the United
States. That’s approximately 129
million tires, or 2.1 million tons of
scrap rubber. That’s a significant step
up in market share from 2011, when
TDF demand dipped to 1.4 million
tons. The 2013 results are close to the
TDF market’s prior average annual
demand of 2.2 million tons—seen in
2005, 2007, and 2009—and the market
share of 60 percent it held in 2007.
(RMA publishes its market summary
based on data from odd-numbered
years. The table on page 118 pro-
vides data from its five most recent
summaries.)
After slipping in the last
recession, the U.S. tire
recycling industry regained
its traction in 2013, though
the tire-derived fuel market
showed greater strength
than rubber’s recycling-
related sectors, according to
an industry market report.
By Kent Kiser
photographsbyscrapmagazine,azekvastpavers,
HOWARDROSENTHAL/DREAMSTIME
2. 118_Scrap_MAY/JUNE 2015 www.scrap.org
To understand TDF’s resurgence, it’s help-
ful to recall the market conditions in 2011. The
TDF market—and the tire recycling industry as a
whole—took a “big hit” that year, a tire recycling
industry source says, due to “a variety of economic
factors at the time,” which slashed demand from
TDF’s main consuming sectors, such as cement
kilns, pulp and paper mills, and utilities. In par-
ticular, lower construction spending cut demand
for cement, prompting the closure of some kilns,
which are major consumers of TDF. “The slow-
down in construction meant we didn’t need
anywhere near as much cement, so those markets
slowed down,” Sheerin says. The recession, in
fact, had resulted in the “permanent loss of some
older cement kilns,” says Michael Blumenthal of
MarShay Inc. (Nyack, N.Y.), a scrap tire consulting
firm, and “they are never coming back.”
RMA calls TDF a “cleaner and more
economical alternative to coal,” offering a higher
Btu energy value and a lower greenhouse-gas
impact than coal. It also tends to be a lower-cost
alternative to competing fuels such as wood/bio-
mass, coal, natural gas, and petroleum coke. From
2011 to 2013, however, higher prices for compet-
ing fuels and improvements in the quality and
reliable delivery of TDF helped boost consump-
tion of the material almost 49 percent. Cement
kilns continued to be the largest TDF-consuming
sector in 2013, buying 726,000 tons (equivalent to
44.3 million tires), with their demand increasing
138 percent from 2011. Despite that jump, electric
utilities posted the strongest increase in TDF use
from 2011 to 2013, rising 260 percent, to 576,000
tons (35.2 million tires). Pulp and paper mills
increased their TDF consumption 21 percent, to
716,000 tons (43.7 million tires), but dedicated
tires-to-energy facilities reduced their demand 50
percent, to 102,000 tons (6.2 million tires), in the
two-year period. The closure of Exeter Energy’s
tires-to-energy plant in Sterling, Conn.—which
consumed 8 million to 10 million tires a year—
was a principal reason for that sector’s decline,
the tire recycling industry source says.
One positive development for TDF was a
decision in 2013 from the U.S. Environmental
Market or Disposition 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013
Tire-Derived Fuel 2,145,000 2,484,000 2,085,000 1,427,000 2,120,000
Ground Rubber 553,000 789,000 1,354,000 929,000 975,000
Exported 112,000 102,000 102,000 302,000 246,000
Civil Engineering 640,000 562,000 285,000 295,000 172,000
Electric-Arc Furnace 19,000 27,000 27,000 66,000 66,000
Reclamation Project Unknown 133,000 130,000 54,000 49,000
Baled (with market) Unknown Unknown 28,000 2,000 30,000
Agricultural 48,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000
Punched/Stamped 101,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000
Total to Market 3,618,000 4,106,000 4,020,000 3,084,000 3,667,000
Total Generated 4,411,000 4,596,000 5,171,000 3,781,000 3,824,000
% to Market/Utilized 82 89 78 82 96
Baled (no market/inventoried) 42,000 9,000 16,000 33,000 No data
Landfilled 591,000 594,000 653,000 492,000 328,000
U.S. Scrap Tire Market Summary, 2005-2013*
(short tons)
Source: Rubber Manufacturers Association, 2013 U.S. Scrap Tire Management Summary.
*Totals differ slightly from RMA’s original summary due to rounding.
“If EPA had said [tire-derived fuel] was a waste material,
it would have killed the TDF market, and we would have
had the next great scrap tire crisis,” Michael Blumenthal
says. “What EPA did preserved the market.”
3. www.scrap.org MAY/JUNE 2015 _ Scrap_ 119
Protection Agency (Washington, D.C.)
classifying scrap tires as a nonhaz-
ardous secondary material—and not
solid waste—when used as a fuel in
a combustion unit. “If EPA had said
TDF was a waste material, it would
have killed the TDF market, and we
would have had the next great scrap
tire crisis,” Blumenthal says. “What
EPA did preserved the market.” Now,
as a nonwaste fuel, TDF might have
greater appeal to boiler consumers that
currently don’t use the material. “It
could become more of an accepted fuel
as long as the quality of the product is
there, meaning it’s properly sized and
the steel removal is appropriate for the
particular boiler application,” the tire
recycling industry source says.
The EPA also recognized that
scrap tires contain biomass—about
25 percent of their content is natural
rubber—which opens the door for
TDF consumers to claim tax or emis-
sions credits for burning a biomass
fuel, Blumenthal notes. As Sheerin
explains, the biomass ruling “gives
TDF a further advantage over mineral-
type fuels,” and it could elevate the
TDF market in the future. “When you
do greenhouse-gas accounting, TDF is
going to come out better because of the
natural latex content,” he says.
Recycling and Reuse Markets
Even as the TDF market rebounded
strongly in the 2011 to 2013 period,
most non-TDF sectors nosed down-
ward. As a group, all non-TDF uses of
reclaimed tire rubber slipped 7 per-
cent, from approximately 1.7 million
tons in 2011 to about 1.5 million tons
in 2013.
Grinding down. Ground rubber contin-
ued to be the largest non-TDF market
for scrap tires. These applications
consumed 975,000 tons of tire rubber,
which was 63 percent of the non-TDF
use of scrap tires and 27 percent of all
end-use demand, according to RMA
figures. Ground rubber demand in 2013
was up about 5 percent from 2011
but down 28 percent from its 2009
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4. 120_Scrap_MAY/JUNE 2015 www.scrap.org
peak. Finely ground rubber goes into applica-
tions such as new rubber products, playground
and other sports surfacing, and rubber-modified
asphalt, while larger ground rubber pieces become
landscaping mulch and loose-fill playground
material. “When the recession came, tax dollars
went down, budgets were slashed, and demand
from ground rubber’s main markets went down,”
Blumenthal says. “Market demand hasn’t come
back as strongly as many had hoped.”
The molded/extruded product sector used 33
percent of ground rubber sold in 2013, followed
by the playground/mulch sector (31 percent),
sports surfacing (17 percent), asphalt (7 percent),
and automotive and export, each with 6 per-
cent. The playground/mulch market was ground
rubber’s only large-scale niche to grow in the
two-year period, rising 25 percent, from 160,000
tons in 2011 to 200,000 tons in 2013. Aside
from ground rubber exports, which increased 78
percent, to 40,000 tons, all other ground rubber
sectors declined in 2013 compared with 2011.
Demand for ground rubber for sports surfacing
and molded/extruded products fell 19 percent
and 12 percent, respectively, but the biggest
decline was in the asphalt market, which fell 59
percent, from 110,000 tons in 2011 to 45,000 tons
in 2013. In the recession, state transportation
departments trimmed their use of rubber-modified
asphalt, Blumenthal says, and that niche “never
really regained its footing.”
Currently, ground rubber’s biggest challenge is
the debate over whether it causes health prob-
lems in people who play on synthetic turf fields
with ground rubber infill. “The concerns are not
science-based,” Sheerin says. “They’re anecdotal
stories that mention cancer and get people emo-
tionally excited, but the science hasn’t supported
Currently, ground rubber’s biggest challenge is the
debate over whether it causes health problems in people
who play on synthetic turf fields with ground rubber infill.
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5. 122_Scrap_MAY/JUNE 2015 www.scrap.org
any links between the product and
those types of diseases.” Only about
17 percent of ground rubber went
into sports surfacing in 2013, but the
“sideways glances” of this concern
“stretch into the playground and
mulch markets, where you have people
interacting with the product,” Sheerin
notes. Together, roughly half of ground
rubber went into those markets in
2013. Although ground rubber produc-
ers say the controversy has not caused
a big slowdown in orders, he says,
“the press doesn’t help.” Blumenthal
expects the controversy to continue,
“and ground rubber markets will be
less than they might otherwise have
been,” he says.
An uncivil decline. The same downtrend
played out in even more dramatic
fashion in the civil engineering sector,
which uses tire shreds in road and
landfill construction, septic tank leach
fields, and as alternative daily cover
in landfill operations as well as other
construction applications. In 2013, the
civil engineering market consumed
172,000 tons of tires, which was about
11 percent of non-TDF demand and
roughly 5 percent of all recovered
tires that went to an end-use market
that year. Since its peak in 2005, the
civil engineering market has declined,
in part due to competition from TDF
consumers, who generally pay more
for the rubber than civil engineering
consumers, the tire recycling industry
source says. Civil engineering projects
also can require large tonnages of pro-
cessed rubber on short notice, which
can pose purchasing, storage, and
logistical problems for tire recyclers,
Civil engineering projects can
require large tonnages of
processed rubber on short notice,
which can pose purchasing,
storage, and logistical problems
for tire recyclers.
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Sheerin says. “When the project’s a go,
the contractor might suddenly need
50,000 tons of tires, so the recycler
would need to have that material in
stock.” Such challenges “created more
problems than it was worth for many
processors, so interest in this market
has waned,” Blumenthal says.
That said, there still are “viable
applications for civil engineering
material, especially out West, where
you have the remaining stockpiles
of tires,” Blumenthal says. Sheerin
concurs, noting that this sector could
see a boost thanks to renewed interest
in Colorado and California, which are
using scrap rubber in new civil engi-
neering projects. California, for one,
has announced a grant for a project
that will use tire-derived aggregate as a
vibration dampener for a light-rail line.
Holding steady. Several smaller markets
also consume U.S. scrap tires, such as
professionally engineered tire bales,
reclamation projects (primarily to
build up mining sites), steel produc-
tion in electric-arc furnaces, agricul-
tural applications, and products that
are punched, pressed, or stamped from
scrap tires. The latter three markets
remained constant from 2011 to 2013,
with EAFs consuming about 66,000
tons of scrap tires, agricultural uses
consuming about 7,000 tons, and
punched, pressed, or stamped prod-
ucts using nearly 2,000 tons. Fewer
tires—about 49,000 tons—went into
reclamation projects in 2013, a decline
of just over 9 percent. Texas was the
main user of scrap tire rubber for land
reclamation projects—principally at
mining sites—and “it just stopped that
program,” Blumenthal says.
The engineered bale market, which
dipped significantly in 2011, returned
in 2013 to its previous level of about
30,000 tons of demand, but market par-
ticipants don’t see much growth poten-
tial for this niche going forward. Most
of the bales are exported from the West
Coast to consumers in Asia for use as
TDF or feedstock for other processes,
but “that process has stopped—China
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7. 124_Scrap_MAY/JUNE 2015 www.scrap.org
has closed that door,” Sheerin says.
U.S. exports of scrap tires in general
peaked in 2011, then slipped 19 per-
cent, to about 246,000 tons, in 2013,
and Blumenthal sees little potential
for growth in that sector. “The export
market came and went,” he says. “It
helped save the market during the
recession, but that market has gone
away, and it isn’t coming back in the
foreseeable future.”
Shrinking stockpiles
RMA’s 2013 report indicates the ton-
nage of landfilled tires and the num-
ber of scrap tires in U.S. stockpiles
both are steadily falling. From a peak
of 653,000 tons in 2009, the number
of landfilled tires fell 25 percent, to
492,000 tons, in 2011 and 33 percent,
to about 328,000 tons, in 2013. As for
stockpiled tires, the U.S. backlog has
dwindled from about a billion scrap
tires in 1990 to roughly 75 million in
2013, a 92-percent reduction. “That’s
a major achievement,” Blumenthal
says, “and everybody who has been
involved in it should be proud.”
Colorado—the state with the largest
remaining tire stockpiles—has a new
program that could cut an additional
30 million tires from the U.S. stock-
pile, Sheerin says. “We’re hopeful this
law will be successful for the state.”
Despite such progress, the U.S.
stockpile will never reach zero, these
industry watchers say. “There will
always be tires going to landfill—that’s
as simple as it gets,” Blumenthal says.
“There are states—primarily those
with sparse population and wide open
space—that basically don’t have any
kind of tire management plan, and they
don’t have any volumes.” According to
The Southeast will continue to be
the “brightest spot” in the scrap
tire market thanks to its high
consumption of TDF, John Sheerin
says.
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8. www.scrap.org MAY/JUNE 2015 _ Scrap_ 125
RMA’s 2013 report, 12 states allow the
landfilling of whole tires, and 38 allow
the land disposal of cut or shredded
tires. Even though discarding tires isn’t
ideal, it’s “better than leaving them out
in the environment,” Blumenthal says.
“It’s not a market, but at least they’re
being managed.”
The Road Ahead
Sheerin expects the Southeast to
continue to be the “brightest spot” in
the scrap tire market thanks to its high
consumption of TDF. “There’s so much
demand there for TDF that if you can
get tires in that area, they’re going to be
used. The market is pretty much sold
out.” The Northeast, on the other hand,
remains a concern due to the closing of
the Exeter Energy plant in Connecticut.
New England doesn’t have many mar-
ket options for scrap tires, Blumenthal
says. One of the two pulp and paper
mills in Maine that consumed tires has
been down for a while, he says, and
“tires are piling up in the pipeline.
You can only sustain that kind of lack
of markets for so long.” According to
Sheerin, “there was great concern that
the Exeter closure would lead to a lot
more illegal dumping and stockpiles,
but, fortunately, that has not hap-
pened.” Even so, he says, “we’re still
concerned and would like to see more
markets developing in the Northeast.”
Looking at the broader picture,
Blumenthal sees tire recycling mar-
kets plateauing in the near term. “I
just don’t see any major upswings in
the marketplace; there’s nothing out
there that’s a game-changer,” he says.
On a more optimistic, longer-term
note, Sheerin says, “new technologies
and evolving existing technology may
become commercially viable further
down the road and develop a more
sophisticated processing industry. The
tire industry is not satisfied with the
status quo.” S
Kent Kiser is publisher of Scrap and assis-
tant vice president of industry communica-
tions for ISRI.
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