Sclera and cornea
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The document summarizes key differences between the sclera and cornea, the outer coverings of the eye. It notes that both are connective tissues containing collagen fibrils. The cornea is uniquely transparent due to the arrangement of collagen fibrils. It has 5 layers - epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium. The stroma is the thickest layer and contains parallel collagen fibrils. The sclera is opaque and thicker than the cornea, protecting the eye from increased pressure. It lies behind the cornea and aqueous humor.
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Anatomy of Cornea.pptx
The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that allows light to enter. It has six layers - epithelium, Bowman's membrane, stroma, Dua's layer, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium. The stroma makes up most of the thickness and contains collagen fibers. The endothelium maintains corneal hydration through a sodium-potassium pump. The cornea acts as a refracting surface and protects the inside of the eye. It receives nutrients and oxygen from the aqueous humor and perilimbal blood vessels to remain transparent.
CORNEA.pptx
The cornea consists of 6 layers - epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, Dua's layer, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium. The stroma makes up most of the thickness and consists of collagen lamellae and keratocytes in a ground substance. The endothelium is a single layer of cells that regulates fluid movement. The cornea has no blood vessels but receives nutrients from limbal vessels and is innervated by nerves from the trigeminal nerve.
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1. Epithelium - acts as a barrier and is regenerated every 7 days through cell migration.
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3. Stroma - thick collagenous layer that gives the cornea its strength and transparency.
4. Descemet's membrane - basement membrane secreted by the endothelium that increases in thickness with age.
5. Endothelium - single cell layer that regulates hydration of the stroma and maintains corneal transparency.
Limbus
LIMBUS… • The limbus forms the border between the transparent cornea and opaque sclera, contains the pathways of aqueous humour outflow, and is the site of surgical incisions for cataract and glaucoma
2. Anatomical Limbus: Circumcorneal transitional zone of the conjunctivocorneal & corneoscleral junction Conjunctivo-corneal junction: • Bulbar conjunctiva is firmly adherent to underlying structures • Substantia propria of the conjunctiva stops here but its epithelium continues with that of the cornea. Sclero-corneal junction: • Transparent corneal lamellae become continuous • With the oblique, circular and opaque fibres of sclera
3. CONTINUE…. • In the area near limbus, the conjunctiva, tenon’s capsule & the episcleral tissue are fused into a dense tissue which is strongly adherent to corneo scleral junction.It is preferred site for obtaining a firm hold of the eyeball during ocular surgery. • The limbus is a common site for the occurrence of corneal epithelial neoplasm. • The Limbus contains radially oriented fibrovascular ridge known as the palisades of Vogt that may harbour a stem cell population. The palisades of Vogt are more common in the superior and inferior quadrants around the eye
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The cornea is the transparent outer layer at the front of the eye. It is about 0.5 mm thick and has 5 layers - an epithelial layer, Bowman's layer, a thick stromal layer, Descemet's membrane, and a single layer of endothelial cells. The stroma makes up 90% of the thickness and contains collagen fibrils that give the cornea its shape and refractive power. The cornea has no blood vessels and receives nutrients from aqueous humor and tears.
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Tear film
1. TEAR FILM
2. The outer most layer of the cornea. It is the exposed part of the eyeball. FUNCTION It provide smooth optical surface It serves to keep the surface of cornea and conjunctiva moist. It serves as a lubricant for the preocular surface and lids It transfer oxygen from the air to the cornea Prevent infection due to the presence of antibacterial substance like lysozymes,and other protein. It wash away debris and irritants Provides pathway to WBC in case of injury.
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The document summarizes tear film dynamics and the structure of the tear film. It describes the three layers of the tear film - the outer lipid layer derived from meibomian and other glands, the middle aqueous layer secreted by lacrimal glands, and the inner mucin layer secreted by conjunctival goblet cells. It discusses the functions of each layer and the role of the tear film in lubrication, protection, and maintaining a smooth optical surface on the cornea. The dynamics of tear secretion, formation of the tear film layers, retention, redistribution, evaporation, and drainage of tears is also summarized.
Oral Mucous Membrane
2 main patterns: keratinisation and non keratinisation.
Kertinisation: mucosal surface result from formation of a surface layer of keratin and process of maturation is called kertinisation
Its tough, resistant to abrasion and tightly bound to lamina propria.
Shows 4 layers:
Stratum basele
Stratum spinosam
Stratum granulosam
Stratum corneum
Physiology of cornea
This document discusses the physiology of the cornea. It describes the cornea's gross anatomy, functions, histology, biochemical composition, metabolism, hydration, transparency, and wound healing. Key points include that the cornea is avascular and transparent, maintains structural integrity, and refracts light. It has 5 layers including epithelium, stroma, and endothelium. The cornea's transparency relies on its precise structure and hydration state maintained by metabolic pumps and swelling pressure.
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Tearfilm & blinking
The document summarizes key aspects of the tear film and blinking. It describes the tear film as having three layers - an outer lipid layer, middle aqueous layer, and inner mucus layer. It discusses tear film composition, dimensions, dynamics of secretion, distribution, stability, flow, and drainage. Functions of the tear film include optical, protective, lubricative, osmotic, and nutritional roles. Blinking is described as the coordinated opening and closing of the eyelids, which aids tear secretion and distribution. Clinical tests for assessing tear quantity such as the Schirmer test and fluorescein clearance are also summarized.
Plant structure and growth
Plant structure and growth can be summarized in 3 sentences:
Dicotyledonous plants have tissues in the stem and leaf organized into layers including the epidermis, vascular bundles of xylem and phloem, and sclerenchyma for structure and support. The epidermis regulates gas exchange through stomata and protects the inner tissues, while the vascular bundles transport water, minerals and photosynthates throughout the plant. Specialized structures like tubers, tendrils and bulbs store nutrients or allow climbing plants to attach for support.
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The cornea consists of 6 layers - epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, Dua's layer, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium. The stroma makes up most of the thickness and consists of collagen lamellae and keratocytes in a ground substance. The endothelium is a single layer of cells that regulates fluid movement. The cornea has no blood vessels but receives nutrients from limbal vessels and is innervated by nerves from the trigeminal nerve.
Cornea
Cornea is the clear front surface of the eye. It lies directly in front of the iris and pupil, and it allows light to enter the eye.
Cornea forms the transparent and anterior 1/6th of the external fibrous coat of the globe of the eyeball.
The cornea is the eye's most powerful structure for focusing light that provides approximately 65 to 75 percent of the focusing power of the eye.
The cornea has unmyelinated nerve endings sensitive to touch, temperature and chemicals; a touch of the cornea causes an involuntary reflex to close the eyelid.
Anatomy of the cornea
The cornea consists of 5 layers:
1. Epithelium - acts as a barrier and is regenerated every 7 days through cell migration.
2. Bowman's layer - acellular layer that provides strength.
3. Stroma - thick collagenous layer that gives the cornea its strength and transparency.
4. Descemet's membrane - basement membrane secreted by the endothelium that increases in thickness with age.
5. Endothelium - single cell layer that regulates hydration of the stroma and maintains corneal transparency.
Limbus
LIMBUS… • The limbus forms the border between the transparent cornea and opaque sclera, contains the pathways of aqueous humour outflow, and is the site of surgical incisions for cataract and glaucoma
2. Anatomical Limbus: Circumcorneal transitional zone of the conjunctivocorneal & corneoscleral junction Conjunctivo-corneal junction: • Bulbar conjunctiva is firmly adherent to underlying structures • Substantia propria of the conjunctiva stops here but its epithelium continues with that of the cornea. Sclero-corneal junction: • Transparent corneal lamellae become continuous • With the oblique, circular and opaque fibres of sclera
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Anatomy of cornea
This lecture includes anatomy and Physiology of Cornea, if u like it kindly share it with colleagues and like it. I will share more lectures related to eye anatomy and optometry.
Thank You.
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Sclera and cornea
- 1. Sclera and Cornea Group members Abenezer Bogale Arsema Beshewa Bamlak Cherinet
- 2. Introduction • Both of them make up the outer covering of the eye • They are connective tissues containing collagen fibrils embedded in proteoglycan rich extra- fibrilar matrix • Strong structures because of the deposition of collagen in lamellar structure • The both protect the eye from increased pressure within and mechanical insult from outside
- 4. Cornea • It is uniquely transparent • The transparency is because of the coneal collagen fibrils' arrangement in which they are positioned in uniform diameter with respect to eachother in a lateral fashion • The main refractive element of the eye • It is the part of the eye anterior to the aqueous humor "Cornu", Latin, horn
- 5. Cornea cont. • No blood supply- gets metabolites by diffusion • 5 layers – Epithelium – Bowman's layer – Stroma – Descmet's membrane – Endothelium
- 6. Cont… Epithelium It is a protective layer against foreign material and gives some mechanical support It consist upto 10 cell layer with non stratified squamous non kerstinized morphology Bowmans layer It has a dense accumulation of collagen fibrils that are tightly interwoven It is only 10 micrometers thick
- 7. Cont... Stroma It is about 800 micrometers thick It is composed of distinct lamellae composed of parallel arranged tightly packed and very regularly spaced collagen fibrils Descment membrane It is 10 upto 20 micrometer thick It increases during life time It is composed of collagen type IV and glycoprotein
- 8. Cont... Endothelium It prevents uncontrolled entrance of foreign substances including water It dehydrates water from stroma through water pumps
- 10. Sclera It comes from Greek word hard It is opaque and it is whitish from outside It is covered by translucent membrane of conjunctiva It is 1 millimeter
- 11. Thank you