Many scientists born in India in ancient period, which have did remarkable research in various fields of science.
This PPT includes brief information of ancient Indian scientists Bhaskaracharya, Yadnyavalkya, Varahmihira, Vishwakarma, Budhayan, Aryabhatta, Brahmagupta.
This PPT was created by a group of students in SY class of V. G. Vaze College, for University of Mumbai - Semester III - FC course.
We as Indians have failed to understand the deep and real meaning of the holy Vedas and Hindu culture texts written by the great sages and our ancestors. Psychologically, if we look, any knowledge from our ancient times can be easily understood by adding some personal relevance around the subject to show it through storytelling, making it interesting and easy for the listener to remember. However, this concept given by our sages was not properly adopted by future generations, took only symbolic meaning without understanding it scientifically and due to lack of understanding of the original deep knowledge, a great blow was inflicted on the social, economic and spiritual spheres. Every knowledge, literature, concept written as some message is actually a deep scientific and technical concept, information about composition, medicine and surgery, advice on physical, mental and social health, nurturing and balancing of environment, life management and work management, political and economic considerations. The main objective was to create a socially, economically, spiritually healthy society so that the country and the world would progress at the same time with the theme “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam”.
Advances in science and technology are the main reason for the growth of human civilization. India has been contributing in the field of science and technology since ancient times. Even today what we call “traditional knowledge” is actually based on scientific reasoning.
Veer Savarkar wanted, “Not only a particular caste, but everyone should raise the standard of living by developing modern technology using Vedic literature”.
Lokmanya Tilak had a very in-depth study of Vedic knowledge, a treatise can be written on his knowledge.
Hindu ancestors, sages put this great knowledge not only on paper but at that time with great skill and design many concepts were practically implemented on the ground. We can see various temples, metalwork, architectural beauty, mathematics, surgical methods….
Physics
The German physicist Werner Heisenberg once said … “About Indian philosophy, some of the ideas of quantum physics that seemed so crazy suddenly became more meaningful”.
The concepts of atoms, molecules and substances can be traced back to the Vedic age. Moreover, the concepts of astronomy, metaphysics and spirituality are described in the Rig Veda, the ancient Hindu scriptures of the Vedic period.
Why have Indians built thousands, so incredibly architecturally amazing temples around the world? Were they rich enough to spend money on this venture?
Yes, their eternal Sanatan Hindu culture gave them wisdom, intelligence, hard work, spirituality and most importantly progress in the field of research, the purpose behind which was to make humanity prosperous and peaceful.
The German philosopher Gottfried von Herder once said, “The origin of mankind can be traced back to India where the human mind got its first shape of wisdom and virtue.”These copper plates absoBS
This PPT is about nalanda university was created for linguistics practical.
nalanda university was first ancient residential university in world built in india.
We as Indians have failed to understand the deep and real meaning of the holy Vedas and Hindu culture texts written by the great sages and our ancestors. Psychologically, if we look, any knowledge from our ancient times can be easily understood by adding some personal relevance around the subject to show it through storytelling, making it interesting and easy for the listener to remember. However, this concept given by our sages was not properly adopted by future generations, took only symbolic meaning without understanding it scientifically and due to lack of understanding of the original deep knowledge, a great blow was inflicted on the social, economic and spiritual spheres. Every knowledge, literature, concept written as some message is actually a deep scientific and technical concept, information about composition, medicine and surgery, advice on physical, mental and social health, nurturing and balancing of environment, life management and work management, political and economic considerations. The main objective was to create a socially, economically, spiritually healthy society so that the country and the world would progress at the same time with the theme “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam”.
Advances in science and technology are the main reason for the growth of human civilization. India has been contributing in the field of science and technology since ancient times. Even today what we call “traditional knowledge” is actually based on scientific reasoning.
Veer Savarkar wanted, “Not only a particular caste, but everyone should raise the standard of living by developing modern technology using Vedic literature”.
Lokmanya Tilak had a very in-depth study of Vedic knowledge, a treatise can be written on his knowledge.
Hindu ancestors, sages put this great knowledge not only on paper but at that time with great skill and design many concepts were practically implemented on the ground. We can see various temples, metalwork, architectural beauty, mathematics, surgical methods….
Physics
The German physicist Werner Heisenberg once said … “About Indian philosophy, some of the ideas of quantum physics that seemed so crazy suddenly became more meaningful”.
The concepts of atoms, molecules and substances can be traced back to the Vedic age. Moreover, the concepts of astronomy, metaphysics and spirituality are described in the Rig Veda, the ancient Hindu scriptures of the Vedic period.
Why have Indians built thousands, so incredibly architecturally amazing temples around the world? Were they rich enough to spend money on this venture?
Yes, their eternal Sanatan Hindu culture gave them wisdom, intelligence, hard work, spirituality and most importantly progress in the field of research, the purpose behind which was to make humanity prosperous and peaceful.
The German philosopher Gottfried von Herder once said, “The origin of mankind can be traced back to India where the human mind got its first shape of wisdom and virtue.”These copper plates absoBS
This PPT is about nalanda university was created for linguistics practical.
nalanda university was first ancient residential university in world built in india.
Indian Science was much much advanced than any other science at that time. Even major discoveries like Gravity, atom, pythagoras theorem, axis of earth, shifting of equinox and process of calcination, sublimation, extraction of ores, alloying etc were designed in India much before complete world.
2022 Calendar produced by Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur.
Recovery of the foundations of Indian knowledge systems
* Recognition of the secret of the Vedas
* Reinterpretation of the Indus Valley Civilization
* Rebuttal to the Aryan Invasion Myth
A joint production of Centre of Excellence for Indian Knowledge Systems & Nehru Museum of Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur.
In this file we have covered complete vedic civilization and its so understandable. we covered vedic period art& culture and completed all dimensions. origin of aryans.
Brief Presentation covering Introduction to Indian Knowledge System. This is based first two chapter of reference book, as per New Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020)
Indian Science was much much advanced than any other science at that time. Even major discoveries like Gravity, atom, pythagoras theorem, axis of earth, shifting of equinox and process of calcination, sublimation, extraction of ores, alloying etc were designed in India much before complete world.
2022 Calendar produced by Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur.
Recovery of the foundations of Indian knowledge systems
* Recognition of the secret of the Vedas
* Reinterpretation of the Indus Valley Civilization
* Rebuttal to the Aryan Invasion Myth
A joint production of Centre of Excellence for Indian Knowledge Systems & Nehru Museum of Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur.
In this file we have covered complete vedic civilization and its so understandable. we covered vedic period art& culture and completed all dimensions. origin of aryans.
Brief Presentation covering Introduction to Indian Knowledge System. This is based first two chapter of reference book, as per New Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020)
Beautiful history and pix for your viewing pleasure
I receive several PowerPoint presentations through e-mail, so I thought I'd share them. I just post them. I didn't creat them :)
www.PowerLegacy.Com
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
2. INTRODUCTION
⬜ THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN
THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT BEGINS WITH
PREHISTORIC HUMAN ACTIVITY THE INDUS
VALLEY CIVILLIZATION TO EARLY STATES AND
EMPIRES
⬜ THE RELIGIOUS TEXTS OF THE VEDIC PERIOD
PROVIDE EVIDENCE FOR THE USE OF LARGE
NUMBERS
⬜ BY THE TIME OF LAST VEDA, THE
YAJURVEDASAMHITA (1200 – 900 BCE). NUMBERS
ARE AS HIGH AS {10^[12]} WERE BEING
INCLUDED IN THE TEXTS
3. A COUNTRY WITH RICH CULTURAL BACKGROUND HAD A
SOUND ATMOSPHERE THAT ENCOURAGED RESEARCH IN
VARIOUS ASPECTS OF LIFE.
SOME OF THE SCIENTISTS WHO PLAYED A STELLAR ROLE IN
TAKING THIS COUNTRY TO A DIFFERENT DIMENSION ARE
CATOGARISED IN FIELDS LIKE :
•ASTRONOMY
•MEDICINE & YOGA
•CHEMISTRY
•AGRICULTURE & GEOLOGY
•ARCHITECTURE
•MATHEMATICS
4.
5.
6. ASTRONOMY
❖ BHASKARACHARYA :
A. PERIOD - 1114 AD
B. INVENTIONS - CALCULUS METHOD
- MEASURE OF PLANETARY MOTION
C. BOOKS – 1) SIDDHANT SHIROMANI
2) LEELAVATI
3) KARNAKUTUHAL
❖ YADNYAVALKYA :
A. PERIOD : 1800 BC
B. INVENTIONS : MOON SUN
IN MILES IN MILES
DIAMETER 2160 864000
DIST. FROM EARTH 234000 93500000
RATIO 108 108
9. ❖ VARAHMIHIRA :
A. PERIOD : 499 TO 587 AD
B. INVENTIONS :
C. FORCE OF ATTRACTION TO EARTH
D. BOOK : BRIHAT- SAMHITA,BRIHA JATAKA
E. SPECIALITY : ONE OF THE NINE JEWELS OF THE COURT OF
MAHARAJA VIKRAMADITYA
&
GURU OF ARYABHATTA
❖ ARYABHATTA :
A. PERIOD : 476 AD
B. INVENTIONS: 1)PERIOD OF ROTATION OF EARTH
C. THAT 23 HRS.56 MIN. 4.1 SEC
2)ECLIPSE OF SUN & MOON
3)ELLIPSE ORBIT
4)SOLAR DAY /HELOCENTRIC THEORY OF g
C. BOOKS : ARYABHATTIY
D. SPECIALITIES: A SATELLITE WAS LANCHED ON 19TH
MARCH 1975 AS ARYABHATTA SATELLITE
11. MEDICINE & YOGA
❖ DHANVANTARI :
A. CONSIDERED AS GOD OF MEDICINE
B. GURU OF FAMOUS ANCIENT SERGEON SUSHRUTA
C. THERE IS A MYTH THAT GURU DHANVNTARI CAME OUT
AT THE TIME OF CHURNING OF OCEAN AS
“ AMRUTA KALASHA ”
❖ SUSHRUTA :
A. PERIOD : 100 AD
B. INVENTIONS :ANTISEPTIC SURGERY, ANESTHESIA
SURGERY, CATARACT, KIDNEY
TRANSPLANT, SUTURES
A. BOOKS : SUSHRUTA- SAMHITA
B. SPECIALITIES : A FAMOUS PROFESSOR OF AYURVEDA & A
MASTER SURGEON
12. ❖ CHARAK :
A. PERIOD : BETWEEN 100 BCE – 200 BCEINVENTIONS : 1)
CAUSE & EFFECT RELATIONSHIP
2) PEVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE
3) THERE ARE 360 BONES IN HUMAN BODY
C. LIMITATIONS : 1) HE STATED THAT HEART HAS ONLY 1
COMPARTMENT WHICH WAS PROVED
WRONG
2) HE IGNORED THE CONCEPT OF MICRO-
ORGANISMS
C. BOOK : CHARAK- SAMHITA
D. SPECIALITIES : FOUND MEDICINAL VALUE OF EVERY
PLANT
❖ PATANJALI :
A. PERIOD : 200 BC
B. INVENTION : FOUND OUT THAT OM IS SPOKEM AS SOUND
OF GOD
A. BOOK : YOGSUTRA
B. SPECIALITY : FATHER OF YOGVIDYA
14. CHEMISTRY
❖ KANAD :
A. PERIOD : 620 AD
B. INVENTIONS : 1) MATTER IS INDIVISIBLE, INVISIBLE,
UNCHANGED & UNDESTROYABLE
2) HEAT CHANGE CHARACTERS OF ATOM
3) CONCEPT OF CHEMICAL CHANGE
C. BOOK : VAISHESHIK SUTRAS OF KANADA
D. SPECIALITY : FATHER OF CHEMISTRY
❖ NAGARJUNA :
A. PERIOD : 931 AD
B. INVENTIONS : GLASS, NATURAL COLOURS, CRYSTALS
C. BOOKS : 1) RASARATNAKAR 2)AAROGYAMANJIRI
3) YOGSAAR 4) YOGSHATAK
D. SPECIALITY : A WELL KNOWN CHEMIST AS WELL AS
BUDDHIST PHILOSPER
16. AGRICULTURE & GEOLOGY
❖ VARAHAMIHIRA :
A. PERIOD : 499 AD TO 587 AD
B. INVENTIONS : GROUND WATER LEVELS
C. SPECIALITY : FAMOUS FOR HIS STUDIES IN ENVIRONMENT
& GEOLOGY AS WELL AS WE PREVIOUSLY
GOT THROUGH HIS ASTRONOMICAL
INVENTIONS
18. ARCHITECTURE
❖ VISHWAKARMA :
A. FOREMOST ARCHITECT & CRAFTSMAN OF DEALOKA
CITIES
B. MAKER OF SUDARSHAN CHAKRA OF LORD VISHNU,
TRISHUL OF LORD SHIVA & VAJRA OF LORD INDRA
20. Mathematics
⬜Budhayan
A.Discovered value of Pi up to 31 digits
⬜Panini
A.decoded 1 st Natural language Processing (
NLP ) System
⬜Aryabhatta
A.Wrote book : Aryabhatiya , Aryabhatta
Siddhant.
B.Invented methods to find square roots and cube
roots and also funded the concept of Zero
21. contd...
⬜Brahmagupta
A.Scholor in 7 th Century
B.Book - Brahmasputa Siddhantika
C.Discovered negative numbers and invented
decimal system for calculation, operations on
zero
⬜Bhaskaracharya
A.Mathematician and Astronomer in 12 th
Cebtury
B.Proposed Cyclic Method to solve Algebric
Expressions
![INTRODUCTION
⬜ THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN
THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT BEGINS WITH
PREHISTORIC HUMAN ACTIVITY THE INDUS
VALLEY CIVILLIZATION TO EARLY STATES AND
EMPIRES
⬜ THE RELIGIOUS TEXTS OF THE VEDIC PERIOD
PROVIDE EVIDENCE FOR THE USE OF LARGE
NUMBERS
⬜ BY THE TIME OF LAST VEDA, THE
YAJURVEDASAMHITA (1200 – 900 BCE). NUMBERS
ARE AS HIGH AS {10^[12]} WERE BEING
INCLUDED IN THE TEXTS](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)