This document discusses key aspects of scientific writing such as authenticity, authorship, plagiarism, and publication. It defines scientific writing as the technical writing scientists use to clearly communicate research. Authenticity in publication refers to the legitimacy and integrity of the research, journal, and authors. Authorship principles require significant contributions to the conception, execution, and writing of the research. Plagiarism is presenting others' work as one's own. Careful checking of requirements, the manuscript, and readiness to submit can help ensure acceptance upon publication.

1. Scientific writing
Authenticity, Authorship,
Plagiarism and Ascertainment
in publication
Dr. Dhiraj J. Trivedi
Professor in Biochemistry & Director Central Clinical Labs
ZYDUS MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL- DAHOD

2. Learning Objectives
1. What is Research?
2. What is scientific writing?
3. What is authenticity in research?
4. What is authorship in scientific writing?
5. What is plagiarism?
6. How to be ascertain in publishing?

3. What is research?
Research is
seeing what everybody else has seen
and
thinking what nobody else has thought.
Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
ZYDUS MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL-DAHOD 3

4. What is Scientific writing?
It is the technical script that scientists write to communicate
their research clearly and concisely to research community.
ZYDUS MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL-DAHOD 4
What is the purpose?
Is to reflect the precision demanded in research process
It allow the reader to replicate the experiments.
?
Lipton JP et al. Am J Law Med; 1991;17:209-48
Prince JM; Biomaterials;1998;19:1425-32

5. What is the need?
ZYDUS MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL-DAHOD 5
In almost every academic discipline, publications are the most
important and often the only measurable output.
Knowledge is lost without documentation.
What is the present situation ?
But unfortunately research is increasingly replaced as
“STICK AND CARROT” condition.
Williams N. Science; 1998;280:1685-86

6. Few Basic questions
What is
• Authenticity in publication
• Authorship in publication
• Plagiarism in publication
• Ascertainment of publication
ZYDUS MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL-DAHOD 6

7. Authenticity in publication
Authenticity not restricted to authorship.
It also means verification of integrity, completeness,
correctness, validity and faithfulness to an original
Includes three parts
ZYDUS MEDICAL COLLEGE AND
HOSPITAL-DAHOD
7
Allman, Dan. 2019. Critical Public Health 29: 413–423
David mills. J. Afr. Cult Study. 2021: 33(3):276-96
The definition of authenticity refers to the proven fact that
something is legitimate or real.

8. Authenticity in publication
Authenticity of Journal
• ISSN number
• Peer reviewed
• Proper indexing
ZYDUS MEDICAL COLLEGE AND
HOSPITAL-DAHOD
8
You may have received emails stating
• send article it will be published within 7 days
• Fast track publication
• Sure publication
David mills. J. Afr. Cult Study. 2021: 33(3):276-96

9. Authenticity in publication
Authenticity of Research
• Conduct and evaluation is genuine
• Research is worth while and contribute to the field
• Free from plagiarism, falsification
• Novelty- Not done before
• Credibility – Accuracy of the method, data and findings
• Validity – Free of biases
• Reproducibility – provided information can be replicated by
others
ZYDUS MEDICAL COLLEGE AND
HOSPITAL-DAHOD
9
https://cbs.umn.edu/hhmi-grants/science-education/research-experiences
https://www.editage.com/insights/how-can-i-make-my-research-more-authentic

10. Authenticity in publication
Authenticity of Author
OR
Authorship
Names of various researchers appear in the
published research who have sufficiently
contributed to a specific article
ZYDUS MEDICAL COLLEGE AND
HOSPITAL-DAHOD
10
https://www.councilscienceeditors.org/resource-library

11. Authorship in publication
Important because:
• Very rewarding
• Brings recognition in one’s own specialty
• Speaks about the field of interest
• Some times opens promotional possibilities
ZYDUS MEDICAL COLLEGE AND
HOSPITAL-DAHOD
11
But stick and carrot brings quantity not quality of research
along with disputed authorships

12. Principles of Authorship
• Involved in conception and design of research
• Contribution for publication [data collection, interpretation]
• Responsible for the submitted report and confidentiality
• Should review and approve final manuscript
• Identify co-authors and their specific work
• Answerable to accuracy and integrity of data
• Willingness to assure responsibility of study
ZYDUS MEDICAL COLLEGE AND
HOSPITAL-DAHOD
12
Listing in Order of importance
First or last -special
http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html

13. Inappropriate types of Authorship
[ICMJE]
• Guest authorship – no contribution, only favor/please
• Honorary/ gift /Forced authorship – due to position
• Ghost authorship – undisclosed contributors
• Authorship for sale - misuse of skill
• Anonymous authorship - name not disclosed
• Group authorship – increase citation index
ZYDUS MEDICAL COLLEGE AND
HOSPITAL-DAHOD
13
Others may be included as
• Clinical investigator
• Co-investigator
• Aknowledgement
Listing in Order of importance
First or last -special
http://publicationethics.org/resources/flowcharts
Flanagin A, Rennie D. Acknowledging ghosts. JAMA. 1995;273(1):73,

14. What is Plagiarism?
ZYDUS MEDICAL COLLEGE AND
HOSPITAL-DAHOD
14
One of the most well-known violations of publication ethics
plagiarism is presenting someone else’s ideas or work or text or image as
your own, without clearly citing the source.
Even reusing your own published text or image without citing
the source falls under Self plagiarism
https://www.editage.com/insights/how-author-deals-translated-plagiarism
https://upskill.researcher.life

15. Ascertainment in publication
ZYDUS MEDICAL COLLEGE AND
HOSPITAL-DAHOD
15
Following points should be looked for
1. Paper requirement
2. Checking manuscript
3. Readiness to submit
Likelihoods of acceptance of a research paper depends on How
far you have verified the checklist before submitting your
research paper
https://www.enago.com/academy/things-to-consider-before-submitting-a-manuscript

16. Ascertainment in publication
Paper requirement
ZYDUS MEDICAL COLLEGE AND
HOSPITAL-DAHOD
16
1. Is your article good to fit your target journal?
2. Have you checked the requirement of target journal?
3. Have you read instructions for author?
4. Have you checked for open access option?
5. Have you checked for submission system?

17. Ascertainment in publication
Checking of Paper
ZYDUS MEDICAL COLLEGE AND
HOSPITAL-DAHOD
17
1. Does it has Effective and attractive title?
2. Does it have properly formatted Abstract?
3. Have you given 4 to 5 key words? [MESCH]
4. Does Article format and style match with journal?
5. Have you checked the readability of article?
6. Does methods have Clarity?
7. Does it have Appropriate charts , tables and figures?
8. Does it has citations in proper format?
9. Was it circulated among close reviewer?
10. Does it has appropriate covering letter?

18. Ascertainment in publication
Readiness to submit
ZYDUS MEDICAL COLLEGE AND
HOSPITAL-DAHOD
18
1. Are you ready with research data for sharing?
2. Are you with letter from Ethical and clinical trial authority?
3. Are you ready with written permissions from 3rd party?
4. Have you included name and affiliation of co-authors?
5. Have you acknowledged the co-researchers?
6. Have you included disclosure statement?
7. Have you declared conflict of interests?
8. Have you gathered correct file for uploading?
9. Are you using correct digital format?

19. Ascertainment in publication
ZYDUS MEDICAL COLLEGE AND
HOSPITAL-DAHOD
19
Once complete check list is followed further follow-ups on Reviewer’s
comment and publisher’s question need to be handle by corresponding
author

20. Important web resource foundations
ZYDUS MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL-
DAHOD
20
http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse
https://www.editage.com/insights/how-author-deals-translated-plagiarism
https://upskill.researcher.life
https://www.enago.com/academy/things-to-consider-before-submitting-a-
manuscript

21. ZYDUS MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL-
DAHOD
21