Scientific Journal of Women’s Health & Care
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Th e use of HMG Co-A reductase inhibitors, colloquially known as statins, represent one of the most prescribed class of medications in history, exceeding 200 million prescriptions per year in the U.S. alone [1]. Th e confounding variable of adult onset diabetes (T2D) has added hundreds of millions of additional prescriptions to what are already prescribed in a battle surrounding the inflammatory diseases plaguing modern civilization - diabetes, coronary artery disease and obesity. Coupled with more than 10 million diagnostic studies done per year looking for heart disease and the misrepresentation of how those drugs work and you have a milieu for over prescription fueled by Big Pharma.
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![Scientific Journal of Women’s Health & Care
SCIRES Literature - Volume 4 Issue 1 - www.scireslit.com Page -004
KEYWORDS
FMTVDM; Big pharma; Statins; Inflammation; Diets; LowCarb
diets
INTRODUCTION
The use of HMG Co-A reductase inhibitors, colloquially known
as statins, represent one of the most prescribed class of medications
in history, exceeding 200 million prescriptions per year in the U.S.
alone [1]. The confounding variable of adult onset diabetes (T2D)
has added hundreds of millions of additional prescriptions to what
are already prescribed [1] in a battle surrounding the inflammatory
diseases plaguing modern civilization - diabetes, coronary artery
disease and obesity [2]. Coupled with more than 10 million
diagnostic studies done per year looking for heart disease [3], and the
misrepresentation of how those drugs work [4], and you have a milieu
for over prescription fueled by Big Pharma.
In addition to what is published about these drugs, are the
unpublished studies one is only privy to as a reviewer for medical
journals and conference presentations. Being such a reviewer, the
first author has had the opportunity to see information, which most
physicians remain unaware of. This information would undoubtedly
modify the prescribing practice of many medical colleagues.
One of the staunchest critics of statin use is Dr. Aseem Malhotra.
While Dr. Malhotra and the first author may disagree on which
diets work best to address these inflammatory diseases - something
we still need to address [5] particularly in light of the most recently
retrospective study now being discussed [6] - we do agree on the
need for more transparency over how these drugs are prescribed,
their actual benefit versus side-effect profiles, and whether they truly
provide the promised benefit to survival and quality of life. The only
way to do this is to conduct a study quantifying changes in CAD
following treatment [7].
The over prescription of drugs, either through misrepresentations
made to the FDA or overzealous marketing to physicians needs to
be addressed. This over prescription has burdened the health care
system without demonstrating the benefit promised. If these drugs
truly provide enhanced length and quality of life for those taking
them, then there should be no problem with increased transparency
and discussion of their benefits and risks.
We would also point out that such studies do not exist for dietary
outcomes absent the semi-quantitative studies we have discussed
previously [5] and there are absolutely no dietary studies, which have
been done for LowCarb diets showing improvement or stabilization
of CAD. The people of Oz may have been happy to listen to the man
behind the curtain - but we do not live in Oz and such discussions and
transparency are long overdue.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
FMTVDM issued to first author.
REFERENCES
1. ClinCalc DrugStats Database. http://bit.ly/2vTayKV
2. Fleming RM, John C. Chang. The pathogenesis of vascular disease. New
York: Textbook of Angiology. Springer-Verlag. 1999; 787-798. http://bit.
ly/379rHNC
3. Nuclear medicine communications. Canadian Medical Association Journal.
1997; 18.
4. Fleming RM, Chaudhuri TK, McKusick A. The FDA, HHS, Sestamibi
redistribution and quantification. Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences.
2019; 3: 47-69. 2581-5423. http://bit.ly/2Uun0er
5. Fleming RM, Fleming MR, Chaudhuri TK. Are we prescribing the right diets
and drugs for CAD, T2D, cancer and Obesity? Int J Nuclear Med Radioactive
Subs. 2019; 2: 1-2. http://bit.ly/31uABE5
6. Robin WMV, Dena Z, Mi Ah Han, Regina El Dib, Max ZBA, Kirolos Milio,
et al. Red and processed meat consumption and risk for all-cause mortality
and cardiometabolic outcomes. A systematic review and meta-analysis of
cohort studies. Ann Intern Med. 2019. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.
gov/pubmed/31569213
7. The Fleming Method for Tissue and Vascular Differentiation and Metabolism
(FMTVDM) using same state single or sequential quantification comparisons.
http://bit.ly/2vSrFN4](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Week 5 Instructions Please use the materials attache.docx
Week 5
Instructions: Please use the materials attached on the following assignment. Minimum of 800
words total and up to 3 scholarly references. Use the online eBook as one of the references.
Must address new section properly. Narratives should be written in APA style, with in-text
citations and separate reference listing as needed. Be complete but concise. Must provide
100% original work. No free of grammatical, spelling, syntax, and punctuation errors.
Absolutely no plagiarism.
Assignment – minimum of 800 words total
1. You are opening a new pharmacy in your healthcare organization. How do you get
the internal stakeholders (e.g. clinical and non-clinical staff) to buy in to this change?
Who would serve in the role of the biggest advocate?
REQUIREMENTS:
Correct spelling, grammar, and formatting in APA.
No plagiarism! Must provide 100% original work.
Use only on-line eBook to assist with assignment.
eBook Reference:
Williams, S.J. & Torrens, P.R., (2008). Introduction to Health Services. 7th Ed. Thomson Delmar
Learning.
Research
o You may use any other database/source, but make sure the articles you cite are
scholarly.
o Wikipedia, Wiki Answers, About.com, Ask.com, Yahoo Answers, eHow, Personal
blogs, and other sources of that ilk are not credible for academic work. Quoting
such sources as credible is strictly forbidden.
245
P A R T
F O U R
Nonfinancial Resources
for Health Care
12890_11_ch11_p245-265.qxd 8/16/07 10:41 AM Page 245
Copyright 2008 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part.
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CHAPTER TOPICS
Regulatory and Legal Issues
From Idea to Treatment: The Long,
Uncertain Research and Development
Process
Access, Pricing, and Patent Issues
The Value of Medicines
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Upon completing this chapter, the reader
should be able to
1. Understand the nature of the pharmaceuti-
cal industry.
2. Understand the drug discovery process.
3. Appreciate the role of pharmaceuticals in
promoting health.
4. Appreciate the complex legal and regulatory
issues facing the industry.
5. Understand the role of government and pub-
lic policy with regard to pharmaceuticals.
246
CHAPTER 11
The Pharmaceutical Industry*
*This chapter is adapted from Pharmaceutical Industry Profile 2007, Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA),
2007, Washington, DC: PhRMA. Copyright © 2007 by the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America.
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Breakthrough medicines and vaccines have
played a central role in this century’s unprecedented
progress in the treatment of fatal diseases. New
m.
Take a look at the below link and then answer the below questions .docx
Take a look at the below link and then answer the below questions from each of their points of view:
Link: https://www.ted.com/talks/john_wilbanks_let_s_pool_our_medical_data/transcript?language=en
When you're getting medical treatment, or taking part in medical testing, privacy is important; strict laws limit what researchers can see and know about you. But what if your medical data could be used — anonymously — by anyone seeking to test a hypothesis? John Wilbanks wonders if the desire to protect our privacy is slowing research, and if opening up medical data could lead to a wave of health care innovation.
For this blog and tying all the topics covered in the class about the epistemology of knowledge, what is your opinion on this matter? Should we share or should we not share? To be or not to Be?
I want you to answer this from different points of view:
The Patient:
The Mother/Father/Son/Daughter/Husband/Wife/Partner/Friend who is trying to help:
The Doctor:
The Hospital Administrator:
The Researcher:
The Companies/Big Pharma:
The Government:
The Government Watchdogs making sure rules are enforced:
The Philanthropists:
He slammed the papers down on the table. "Doctor, I won't do it! I just saw on the news that the prostate blood test is useless at my age. It's milking the system." His face showed determination and defiance as his wife looked on in the corner. No amount of entreating could get him to budge on the subject. Forget the 10 years of my life I had sacrificed in the pursuit of medical knowledge, he had crowdsourced on Facebook information about the prostate specific antigen test; the difference is subtle, but I had gone to medical school and he had gone to Google. Posting information on their health and all their test results is a routine event for Friday Facebook users. Proclaiming quackery, he left my office determined never to return.
Patients want that aggregation of data. Appealing to their practical nature, the more data, the faster we get to a solution, and if it contributes to research and a better future, it can only be the right decision. Family and friends would likely agree, maintaining that in the best interest of the patient, posting data, even without the benefit of anonymity, is acceptable. As MIPS / MACRA move towards population management, more integrated metrics would be of great interest to the hospital administrator as well and allows for an understanding of which markets are likely to produce the best reimbursements by virtue of their higher baseline of health; not surprisingly, we know higher income demographics produce the most compliant patients with the best medical outcomes, which is why most hospitals now are closing shop in poor neighborhoods, despite their need, and opening up in upscale areas with not only an assured revenue stream of insured clients, but better access to medications for diabetes control, better access to nutrition which means faster and improved healing post-surgery, and lower l ...
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New Approved Cancer Drugs Failing Miserably
The document discusses issues with cancer drugs approved by the FDA. It notes that while the FDA has approved many new cancer drugs in recent years, few have provided clear benefits to patients. Many drugs approved between 2014-2016 showed no evidence of improving survival rates, and a study found none helped patients live longer, with only one improving quality of life. The document argues the FDA has approved drugs too quickly, without clear evidence they help patients, in order to benefit pharmaceutical companies. This has led to drugs later being withdrawn once they proved ineffective or harmful. It calls for more rigorous testing of drugs before approval to ensure they provide benefits justifying their high costs.
CDC Opioid Prescribing Guidelines
This document provides guidelines from the CDC for prescribing opioids for chronic pain outside of active cancer treatment, palliative care, and end-of-life care. It summarizes that while opioids can provide short-term pain relief, there is little evidence for their long-term effectiveness and they present serious risks including overdose and opioid use disorder. It then outlines recommendations for clinicians on when to initiate or continue opioids, opioid selection and dosing, assessing risks, and addressing harms to improve safety and reduce risks of long-term opioid therapy.
Thesisss.docx
This document is an undergraduate thesis that examines the pharmaceutical industry and alternative medicine. It argues that while Western medicine has improved health outcomes for some acute illnesses, the over-reliance on drugs has significant downsides. Preventable medical errors are the third leading cause of death in the US, with pharmaceutical companies more focused on profits than patient safety. The document also suggests that several holistic doctors working on alternative cancer treatments may have been murdered to protect the financial interests of the pharmaceutical industry.
Brindley aegate ams 2.2
The document discusses medicines authentication and outlines several myths to be challenged regarding the Falsified Medicines Directive (FMD), healthcare industry, authentication systems, and a UK pilot project. It proposes conducting a UK pilot to evaluate an authentication system, support FMD compliance, and stimulate stakeholder engagement. Key lessons from the pilot so far include the need for multi-organizational support and representative tests, as well as the importance of clinical engagement and governance structures.
Healthy Lifestyle, Healthy Diet, Physical Fitness: Cardiometabolic Diseases
Healthy Lifestyle, Healthy Diet, Physical Fitness: Cardiometabolic DiseasesSeriesScience International
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), such as hypertension, excess weight, obesity, diabetes (type-2), and vascular diseases are considered lifestyle diseases. In the last three decades, these diseases have reached epidemic proportions worldwide [1]. According to the results of a recent study published in the journal Circulation, adopting five low-risk lifestyle factors may be linked to longer life spans in Americans [2]. Metabolic diseases, which are lifestyle diseases are preventable.THRIVE-stm2016-2
The document discusses enhancing quality of life as an important goal for cancer treatment. It notes that while treatments have increased survival rates, they can also cause chronic health issues for survivors that reduce quality of life. More research is needed to better understand and prevent these toxic side effects, through identifying biomarkers and mitigation strategies. The authors call for increased priority and resources for quality of life research to both improve existing treatments and enable more patients to benefit from new therapies.
Piletz scholarly paper on HW Clinical Trials & Health Disparities presented a...
This document summarizes a presentation given at a conference on clinical trial health disparities from the Mississippi standpoint. It discusses how the majority of clinical trials now take place outside of the US, often in developing countries, for economic reasons. This raises concerns about whether these overseas trials adequately represent and include minority populations in the US. The presentation describes a new business model launched in Mississippi in 2011 that aimed to increase minority participation in clinical trials by partnering with local private practices. However, the business struggled both to change views among pharmaceutical companies about conducting trials in Mississippi and to recruit minority physicians to participate. The model provides an example of efforts to address underrepresentation of minorities in clinical trials.
World without cancer - the story of vitamin b17
WORLD WITHOUT CANCER
The Story of Vitamin B17
DEDICATION
This book is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Ernst T. Krebs, Jr.,
and John A. Richardson, M.D. When confronted by the power and malice of entrenched scientific error, they did not flinch. While others scampered for protective shelter, they moved to the front line of battle. May the telling of their deeds help to arouse an indignant public which, alone, can break the continuing hold of their enemies over our lives and our health.
Health News Coverage: Just How Bad It Is, Why It Matters, and What Doctors Ca...
The document summarizes research on the quality of health news coverage and discusses why improving coverage matters and what doctors can do to help. Key findings include:
- Many news stories do not adequately report on the benefits and risks of medical treatments, tests, and drugs or mention costs.
- For many groups, media and doctors are the top sources of health information, so inaccurate coverage can influence health behaviors.
- Doctors can help by developing relationships with reporters, answering questions, reviewing press releases, and providing context on new studies through their own blogs or comments to reporters.
PMC_2015_annual_report
The Personalized Medicine Coalition 2015 Annual Report summarizes the organization's work in education, advocacy, and impact over the past year. It highlights key events including a Congressional briefing on personalized medicine that educated over 125 people, including 50 Congressional staffers. The report also outlines challenges to personalized medicine such as obstacles in science, regulation, and reimbursement, but notes the biopharmaceutical industry remains committed with over 40% of drugs in development being personalized medicines.
PatientBillofRights
The pharmaceutical industry has made it very difficult to know what the clinical trial evidence actually is regarding psychotropics. Consequently, primary care physicians and other front-line practitioners are at a disadvantage when attempting to adhere to the ethical and scientific mandates of evidence based prescriptive practice. This article calls for a higher standard of prescriptive care derived from a risk/benefit analysis of clinical trial evidence. The authors assert that current prescribing practices are empirically unsound and unduly influenced by pharmaceutical company interests, resulting in unnecessary risks to patients. In the spirit of evidenced based medicine’s inclusion of patient values as well as the movement toward health home, we present a patient bill of rights for psychotropic prescription. We then offer guidelines to raise the bar of care equal to the available science for all prescribers of psychiatric medications.
EMR_Onsite Broch 2015_v16
This document provides information about the Emergency Medicine Reports Summit 2015 taking place August 28-29 in Las Vegas. It is celebrating AHC Media's 40th anniversary of providing continuing education. The summit will feature talks from leading emergency physicians on the top 10 issues in emergency medicine today. Attendees can earn up to 14.5 credits for continuing medical education and nursing by attending presentations, completing a post-test and evaluation. The summit is intended for emergency physicians, nurses and staff and aims to discuss approaches to common emergencies, ways to increase efficiency in emergency departments, new challenges in emergency medicine, treatments for unusual disorders, and improving workplace satisfaction.
Can You Trust What You Read In (Scientific and News)papers?
Presentation at the University of Alabama, Birmingham, June 14, 2013. Contains some slides from previous talks.
Geriatric Oncology_ Treatment, Assessment and Management ( PDFDrive ).pdf
This document discusses key principles for oncologists in treating older adult cancer patients. Cancer incidence and mortality increase with age, and the aging population will lead to more older adults with cancer. Planning treatment is complex due to differences in tumor biology with age and age-related declines in organ function, functional status, and increased comorbidities. A comprehensive geriatric assessment evaluating these domains is important to determine life expectancy, treatment tolerance, and supportive care needs. Understanding a patient's values and goals of care is also essential for optimal treatment planning.
Week 5 Instructions Please use the materials attache.docx
Week 5
Instructions: Please use the materials attached on the following assignment. Minimum of 800
words total and up to 3 scholarly references. Use the online eBook as one of the references.
Must address new section properly. Narratives should be written in APA style, with in-text
citations and separate reference listing as needed. Be complete but concise. Must provide
100% original work. No free of grammatical, spelling, syntax, and punctuation errors.
Absolutely no plagiarism.
Assignment – minimum of 800 words total
1. You are opening a new pharmacy in your healthcare organization. How do you get
the internal stakeholders (e.g. clinical and non-clinical staff) to buy in to this change?
Who would serve in the role of the biggest advocate?
REQUIREMENTS:
Correct spelling, grammar, and formatting in APA.
No plagiarism! Must provide 100% original work.
Use only on-line eBook to assist with assignment.
eBook Reference:
Williams, S.J. & Torrens, P.R., (2008). Introduction to Health Services. 7th Ed. Thomson Delmar
Learning.
Research
o You may use any other database/source, but make sure the articles you cite are
scholarly.
o Wikipedia, Wiki Answers, About.com, Ask.com, Yahoo Answers, eHow, Personal
blogs, and other sources of that ilk are not credible for academic work. Quoting
such sources as credible is strictly forbidden.
245
P A R T
F O U R
Nonfinancial Resources
for Health Care
12890_11_ch11_p245-265.qxd 8/16/07 10:41 AM Page 245
Copyright 2008 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part.
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CHAPTER TOPICS
Regulatory and Legal Issues
From Idea to Treatment: The Long,
Uncertain Research and Development
Process
Access, Pricing, and Patent Issues
The Value of Medicines
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Upon completing this chapter, the reader
should be able to
1. Understand the nature of the pharmaceuti-
cal industry.
2. Understand the drug discovery process.
3. Appreciate the role of pharmaceuticals in
promoting health.
4. Appreciate the complex legal and regulatory
issues facing the industry.
5. Understand the role of government and pub-
lic policy with regard to pharmaceuticals.
246
CHAPTER 11
The Pharmaceutical Industry*
*This chapter is adapted from Pharmaceutical Industry Profile 2007, Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA),
2007, Washington, DC: PhRMA. Copyright © 2007 by the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America.
12890_11_ch11_p245-265.qxd 8/14/07 12:15 PM Page 246
Copyright 2008 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part.
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Breakthrough medicines and vaccines have
played a central role in this century’s unprecedented
progress in the treatment of fatal diseases. New
m.
Take a look at the below link and then answer the below questions .docx
Take a look at the below link and then answer the below questions from each of their points of view:
Link: https://www.ted.com/talks/john_wilbanks_let_s_pool_our_medical_data/transcript?language=en
When you're getting medical treatment, or taking part in medical testing, privacy is important; strict laws limit what researchers can see and know about you. But what if your medical data could be used — anonymously — by anyone seeking to test a hypothesis? John Wilbanks wonders if the desire to protect our privacy is slowing research, and if opening up medical data could lead to a wave of health care innovation.
For this blog and tying all the topics covered in the class about the epistemology of knowledge, what is your opinion on this matter? Should we share or should we not share? To be or not to Be?
I want you to answer this from different points of view:
The Patient:
The Mother/Father/Son/Daughter/Husband/Wife/Partner/Friend who is trying to help:
The Doctor:
The Hospital Administrator:
The Researcher:
The Companies/Big Pharma:
The Government:
The Government Watchdogs making sure rules are enforced:
The Philanthropists:
He slammed the papers down on the table. "Doctor, I won't do it! I just saw on the news that the prostate blood test is useless at my age. It's milking the system." His face showed determination and defiance as his wife looked on in the corner. No amount of entreating could get him to budge on the subject. Forget the 10 years of my life I had sacrificed in the pursuit of medical knowledge, he had crowdsourced on Facebook information about the prostate specific antigen test; the difference is subtle, but I had gone to medical school and he had gone to Google. Posting information on their health and all their test results is a routine event for Friday Facebook users. Proclaiming quackery, he left my office determined never to return.
Patients want that aggregation of data. Appealing to their practical nature, the more data, the faster we get to a solution, and if it contributes to research and a better future, it can only be the right decision. Family and friends would likely agree, maintaining that in the best interest of the patient, posting data, even without the benefit of anonymity, is acceptable. As MIPS / MACRA move towards population management, more integrated metrics would be of great interest to the hospital administrator as well and allows for an understanding of which markets are likely to produce the best reimbursements by virtue of their higher baseline of health; not surprisingly, we know higher income demographics produce the most compliant patients with the best medical outcomes, which is why most hospitals now are closing shop in poor neighborhoods, despite their need, and opening up in upscale areas with not only an assured revenue stream of insured clients, but better access to medications for diabetes control, better access to nutrition which means faster and improved healing post-surgery, and lower l ...
Universal Health Coverage
This document discusses concerns about universal healthcare and whether the dominant medical model achieves health or just disease management. It questions if the model is scientifically and financially viable given rising disease burdens and medical errors being a leading cause of death. Alternative approaches that integrate Ayurveda and focus on prevention over cure are suggested but seen as unacceptable to the medical community. The document argues civil society must pursue justice and ensure healthcare reforms the system to truly achieve health.
The Status of the Regulatory and Economic Landscape for Innovation in Big Pha...
The purpose of engaging this topic is to: examine the current regulatory environment for new drugs, gain an understanding of breakthrough innovation in pharmaceuticals, evaluate the efforts of key players, and make projections about the future of this industry. As therapeutics has evolved away from their theistic origins, natural products, synthetic chemistry, and biopharmaceuticals have emerged. Yet many difficulties remain for this specialized industry. The approval process for a new drug can take upwards of eight years and cost $800 million. The progression from test tube to commercial distribution includes preclinical trials followed by three phases of clinical (human) trials, marked by ongoing dialogue between the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”). Five of largest American pharmaceutical companies have intensified their efforts in Research and Development (“R&D”) in recent years. But in a space marked with competition from generic manufacturers and maturing biotech companies, understanding the dynamics of this highly scrutinized market requires an awareness of the political and economic climate these key players face. Where this industry is headed is much less clear than where it is coming from. Careful analysis is one lens through which to examine all of these intricate elements and is the focus of this research paper.
CMT update winter 2014
The document discusses the Hereditary Neuropathy Foundation's (HNF) efforts to accelerate research for treatments for Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease and related inherited neuropathies. Some key points:
- HNF submitted a large proposal to the NIH for $1.25M per year over 5 years to fund clinical trials and research to help translate existing preclinical research into therapies more quickly.
- Currently there are no effective treatments for CMT despite the discovery of the causal genes over 20 years ago. HNF's TRIAD program aims to increase collaboration between advocacy groups, academia, and industry to speed development of therapies.
- HNF is conducting studies to develop better
Directed Project
This document discusses regulatory inefficiencies surrounding companion diagnostics and laboratory developed tests (LDTs) in the United States. It uses the case study of Genentech's drug MPDL3280A and its companion diagnostic to show that the FDA thoroughly regulates companion diagnostics but provides no oversight of clinical validity for LDTs. This allows multiple competing diagnostic tests to be used without proof of efficacy. The document also compares healthcare systems and technology assessment processes in the US, UK, and France to illustrate decentralized decision making in the US compared to centralized bodies in other countries.
Similar to Scientific Journal of Women’s Health & Care (20)
Healthy Lifestyle, Healthy Diet, Physical Fitness: Cardiometabolic Diseases
Healthy Lifestyle, Healthy Diet, Physical Fitness: Cardiometabolic Diseases
Piletz scholarly paper on HW Clinical Trials & Health Disparities presented a...
Piletz scholarly paper on HW Clinical Trials & Health Disparities presented a...
Health News Coverage: Just How Bad It Is, Why It Matters, and What Doctors Ca...
Health News Coverage: Just How Bad It Is, Why It Matters, and What Doctors Ca...
Can You Trust What You Read In (Scientific and News)papers?
Can You Trust What You Read In (Scientific and News)papers?
Geriatric Oncology_ Treatment, Assessment and Management ( PDFDrive ).pdf
Geriatric Oncology_ Treatment, Assessment and Management ( PDFDrive ).pdf
Week 5 Instructions Please use the materials attache.docx
Week 5 Instructions Please use the materials attache.docx
Take a look at the below link and then answer the below questions .docx
Take a look at the below link and then answer the below questions .docx
The Status of the Regulatory and Economic Landscape for Innovation in Big Pha...
The Status of the Regulatory and Economic Landscape for Innovation in Big Pha...
More from SciRes Literature LLC. | Open Access Journals
Scientific Journal of Clinical Research in Dermatology
A 5-year old boy, with an established diagnosis of a topic
dermatitis, previously treated by topical corticosteroids and emollient cream with a good improvement, developed widespread papules on his legs, hands and forearm that appeared 5 months ago.
American Journal of Anesthesia & Clinical Research
Methods: Retrospectively, the file records of the patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy were examined. Demographic features, Body Mass Index (BMI), the mouth opening, Mallampati score, thyromental distance, sternomental distance, neck circumference measurements and videolaryngoscopic examination results were recorded Results: In a total of 140 consecutive patients (58 male, 82 female) were included in the study. The mean age of the study participants was 35.40 ± 9.78 and the mean BMI of the patients was 44.33 ± 7.52 kg/m2
. The mean mouth opening of the patients was 4.82 ± 0.54 cm
and the mean neck circumference was 43.52 ± 4.66 cm. The mean thyromental distance was 8.02 ± 1.00 cm and the mean sternomental distance was16.58 ± 1.53 cm. Difficult intubation was determined in 8 (5.7%) patients. In logistic regression analysis, age (p : 0.446), gender (p : 0.371), BMI (p : 0.947), snoring (p : 0.567), sleep apnea (p : 0.218), mouth opening (p : 0.687), thyromental distance (p :0.557), sternomental (p : 0.596) and neck circumference (p : 0.838) were not the independent predictors of difficult intubation. However, Mallampati score (p : 0.001) and preoperative direct laryngoscopy findings (p : 0.037) performed in outpatient clinic were the significant
predictors of difficult intubation. Interestingly, all patients with grade 4 laryngoscopy findings had difficult intubation.
Open Journal of Surgery
Introduction: Laparoscopic surgery has been performed in Mexico since 1989, but no reports about training tendencies exist. We conducted a national survey in 2015, and here we report the results concerning training characteristics during the surgical residence of the respondents. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted through a survey questioning demographic data, laparoscopic training during pre and post surgical residency and other of areas of laparoscopic practice. The sample was calculated and survey piloted before
application. Special interest in this report was placed on type and quality of training received. Data are reported in percentages.
International Journal of Orthopedics: Research & Therapy
International Journal of Orthopedics: Research & TherapySciRes Literature LLC. | Open Access Journals
Heterotopic Ossification (HO) is defined as pathological bone formation at locations where bone normally does not exist. The
presence of HO has been found to be a rare complication after stroke in several studies, whereas there are only sporadic references relating HO to Cerebral Palsy (CP) and few for CP and stroke. No effective treatment for HO has yet been found, whereas the cellular and molecular mechanisms have not been completely understood. Therefore, increased awareness among physicians is required, as a challenge for early diagnosis and treatment. A case of a male patient with CP, who developed HO on the paretichip joint following an ischemic stroke is presented.Scientific Journal of Immunology & Immunotherapy
Objectives: To assess the practice of food hygiene and safety, and its associated factors among street food vendors in urban areas of Shashemane, West Arsi Zone, Oromia Ethiopia, 2019.
Methods: Cross-sectional study design was applied from December 28, 2019 to January 27, 2020. Data was collected from 120 food handlers, which were selected by purposive sampling techniques. Information was gathered from interview and field observation by conducting food safety survey and using questionnaires via face to face interview. The collected data was entered using Epi Data 3.1 and finally, it was analyzed using SPSS VERSION 20.
International Journal of Sports Science & Medicine
A Division I football player experienced acute posterior leg pain while playing. An ultrasound examination revealed an unusual injury - a complete rupture of the plantaris tendon mid-substance. This type of isolated plantaris tendon injury has rarely been reported. Ultrasound was useful for diagnosis and guided rehabilitation by monitoring healing over time. The athlete was able to return to full competition within 3 weeks through a progressive rehabilitation program focused on restoring range of motion and strength. This case suggests isolated plantaris tendon injuries may allow for faster return to play than other potential causes of posterior leg pain.
International Journal of Virology & Infectious Diseases
International Journal of Virology & Infectious DiseasesSciRes Literature LLC. | Open Access Journals
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), is a severe disease, representing 5-10% of all reported cases of diabetes worldwide. Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (FT1D) is a subtype of type 1 diabetes mellitus that is largely characterized by the abrupt onset of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and severe hyperglycemia without insulin defi ciency. Viral infections have been hypothesized to play a major role in the pathogenesis of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (FT1D) through the complete and rapid destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Coxsackie viral infection has been detected in islets of 50% of the pancreatic tissue recovered from recent-onset Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) patients. In this report we have highlighted a case where the patient developed a Group B Coxsackie virus infection culminating in the development of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (FT1D). International Journal of Virology & Infectious Diseases
International Journal of Virology & Infectious DiseasesSciRes Literature LLC. | Open Access Journals
Methods: Cercariae are released by infected water snails. To determine the occurrence of cercariae-emitting snails in SchleswigHolstein, 155 public bathing places were visited and searched for fresh water snails. Family and genus of the collected snails were determined and the snails were examined for the shedding of cercariae, using a standard method and a newly developed method.International Journal of Virology & Infectious Diseases
International Journal of Virology & Infectious DiseasesSciRes Literature LLC. | Open Access Journals
Objective: To generate preliminary information about of enteroviruses and Enterovirus 71 (EV71) in patients with aseptic meningitis in Khartoum State, Sudan.
Method: Cerebrospinal fluid specimens were collected from 89 aseptic meningitis patients from different Khartoum Hospitals
(Mohammed Alamin Hamid Hospital, Soba Teaching Hospital, Omdurman Military Hospital, Alban Gadeed Teaching Hospital and Police Hospital) within February to May 2015. Among these 89 patients, 43 (48%) were males and 46 (52%) were females. The patient’s age ranged between 1 day and 30 years old. The collected specimens were assayed to detect enteroviruses and EV71 RNA using Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) techniqueInternational Journal of Case Reports & Short Reviews
Femoral hernias, comprise 2% to 4% of all hernias in the inguinal region, and occur most commonly in women. Th ey present typically with a mass below the level of the inguinal ligament. The sac may contain preperitoneal fat, omentum, small bowel, or other structures and have a high rate of incarceration and strangulation due to the small size of the hernia neck orifice, requiring emergency surgery. We present the case of a 54-year-old female patient with intestinal occlusion due to incarcerated femoral hernia, repaired by laparoscopic approach, that gave the patient the opportunity to attend her daughter’s wedding the same day.
International Journal of Case Reports & Short Reviews
Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome (sSMC) is a rare genetic condition marked by the presence of an extra chromosome to the 46 human chromosomes. This case report describes a 4 year old child with SSMC on the 46th chromosome. The child presented with delayed speech and language development, seizures and mild developmental delay. Speech and Language evaluation was carried out and management options are discussed.
American Journal of Biometrics & Biostatistics
A catheter is a thin tube made from medical grade materials that serve a broad range of functions, but mainly catheters are medical devices that can be inserted in the body to treat disease or perform surgical procedures. Catheters have been inserted into body cavities, ducts, or vessels to allow for drainage, administration of therapeutic fluids or gases, operational access for surgery. Catheters help perform tasks in various systems such as cardiovascular, urological, gastrointestinal, neurovascular, and ophthalmic systems. A dataset of 12 patients with varying “weights” and “heights” was recorded along with the lengths of their catheter tubes. This data set was found from two revered statistical textbooks on linear regression and the Department of Scientific Computing at Florida State University. This data set was not able to be linked to any particular clinical or experimental research studies, but the data set can be used to help catheter manufacturers and medical professionals better decide on what particular catheter lengths to use for patients knowing only their height & weight. These research insights could be helpful to healthcare professionals that have patients with incomplete or no healthcare records
to decide what catheter length to use. The main investigative inquiry that needed to be answered was how does patient weight & height influence catheter length together and separately? We conducted linear regression and other statistical analysis procedures in R program & Microsoft Excel and discovered that this data exhibited a quality called multi collinearity. With multi collinearity, all predictors (2 or more
independent variables) are not significant in an all encompassing linear aggression, but the predictors might be significant in their own individual linear regressions. Individual linear regression analyses were conducted for both patient height & weight to see how much they both contribute to varying catheter length. Patient weight was found to be more impatful than patient height in relationship to catheter length, even though height and weight are a classical example of multi collinearity predictors.
International Journal of Veterinary Science & Technology
International Journal of Veterinary Science & TechnologySciRes Literature LLC. | Open Access Journals
Bovine mastitis has a negative impact through economic losses in the dairy sector across the globe. A cross sectional study was carried out from September 2015 to July 2016 to determine the prevalence of bovine mastitis, associated risk factors and isolation of major causative bacteria in lactating dairy cows in selected districts of central highland of Ethiopia. A total of 304 lactating cows selected randomly from five districts were screened by California Mastitis Test (CMT) for subclinical mastitis. Based on CMT result and clinical examination, over all prevalence of mastitis at cow level was 70.62% (214/304).
Two hundred fourteen milk samples collected from CMT positive cows were cultured for isolation of major causative bacteria. From 214 milk samples,187 were culture positive and the most prevalent isolates were Staphylococcus aureus 42.25% (79/187) followed by Streptococcus agalactiae 14.43%
(27/187). Other bacterial isolates were included Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus species 12.83% (24/187), Streptococcus dysgalactiae 5.88% (11/187), Escherichia coli 13.38% (25/187) and Entrococcus feacalis 11.23% (21/187) were also isolated. Moreover, age, parity number, visible teat abnormalities,husbandry practice, barn fl oor status and milking hygiene were considered as risk factors for the occurrence of bovine mastitis and they were found significantly associated with the occurrence of mastitis (p < 0.05). The findings of this study warrants the need for strategic approach including dairy extension that focus on enhancing dairy farmers’ awareness and practice of hygienic milking, regular screening for subclinical mastitis, dry cow therapy and culling of chronically infected cows.International Journal of Hepatology & Gastroenterology
A 36-year-old female developed right upper quadrant pain and nausea after taking the herbal supplement kratom for two weeks to manage back pain. Laboratory tests showed elevated liver enzymes. A liver biopsy ruled out other causes and determined she had drug-induced liver injury from kratom use. Her symptoms and liver enzymes gradually returned to normal over six weeks after stopping kratom. The case report discusses kratom's potential for hepatotoxicity and advises clinicians to consider its effects on patient health.
American Journal of Anesthesia & Clinical Research
The assessment, diagnosis and treatment of critically ill patients is extremely challenging. Patients often deteriorate whilst being
reviewed and their rapidly changing pathophysiology barrages healthcare professionals with new data. Furthermore, comprehensive assessments must be postponed until the patient has been stabilised. So, important data and interventions are often missed in the heat of the moment. In emergency situations, suboptimal management decisions may cause signifi cant morbidity and mortality. Fortunately, standardisation and careful design of documentation (i.e. proformas and checklists) can enhance patient safety. So, I have developed a series of checklist proformas to guide the assessment of critically ill patients. These proformas also promote the systematic recording and presentation of information to facilitate the retrieval of the precise data required for the management for critically ill patients. The proformas have been modifi ed extensively over the last twenty years based on my personal experience and extensive consultation with colleagues in several world-renowned centres of excellence. The proformas were originally developed for use in the intensive therapy unit
or high dependency unit. However, they have been adapted for use by outreach teams reviewing patients admitted outside of critical care areas. The use of these tools can direct eff orts to provide appropriate organ support and provides a framework for diagnostic reasoning.
International Journal of Clinical Cardiology & Research
International Journal of Clinical Cardiology & ResearchSciRes Literature LLC. | Open Access Journals
This review article discusses microvascular and macrovascular disease in systemic hypertension. It summarizes that:
1) Cardiac imaging plays a crucial role in risk stratifying hypertensive patients and identifying management strategies by properly diagnosing microvascular and coronary artery disease.
2) The nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) G298 gene allele may be a marker for microvascular angina in hypertensive patients, as studies have found it to be more prevalent in hypertensive patients with chest pain and reversible myocardial defects but normal coronary arteries.
3) Both structural changes like capillary rarefaction and functional changes like endothelial dysfunction can cause microvascular dysfunction and angina in hypertensive individuals in the absence ofInternational Journal of Virology & Infectious Diseases
International Journal of Virology & Infectious DiseasesSciRes Literature LLC. | Open Access Journals
This study characterized dengue infections in Pakistan by analyzing hematological and serological markers in 154 suspected dengue cases and 146 control patients with other febrile illnesses. NS1 antigen was detected in 55% of dengue cases, IgM antibodies in 30%, and both in 15%. Control groups primarily had malaria (71%) and enteric fever (20%). Hematological markers (platelet count, hematocrit, WBC) measured before and after treatment showed significant differences for platelet count and hematocrit but not WBC count between the groups. Analysis of clinical symptoms and serological/hematological markers helps diagnose dengue, assess prognosis, and inform prevention efforts to reduce morbidity, mortality and spread of the disease.Scientific Journal of Women’s Health & Care
Researchers from Utrecht recently published yet another paper on the use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)demonstrating an additional failed attempt to understand the importance of qualitative versus quantitative imaging, and anatomic versus physiologic imaging. Th e implications of this failure here cannot be overstated.
Scientific Journal of Neurology & Neurosurgery
Introduction: Stroke is an even more dramatic major public health problem in young people. Goal of the study: Contribute to the knowledge of strokes in young people. Methodology: This was a retrospective study carried out over a period of 02 years (January 2017 to December 2018) including the files of patients aged 18 to 49 years hospitalized for any suspected case of stroke in the Neurology department of the University Hospital
Center of the Sino-Central African Friendship (CHUSCA) of Bangui.
Scientific Journal of Neurology & Neurosurgery
Background: This report describes a unique case of a patient that developed psychotic symptoms believed to be secondary
to a tentorial meningioma with associated hydrocephalus. These psychotic symptoms subsequently abated with placement of a
ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Case description: 60-year-old female was admitted to an inpatient psychiatric facility on a psychiatric involuntary commitment petition due to progressive paranoia, homicidal ideation and psychosis. The work up showed a calcified six cm tentorial meningioma with associated hydrocephalus. The patient initially rejected treatment but later became amenable to placement of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
(VPS).
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American Journal of Anesthesia & Clinical Research
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Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
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Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Patellar Instability: Diagnosis Management
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After getting it read you will definitely understand the topic.
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
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Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
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Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort. Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.
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Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
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Scientific Journal of Women’s Health & Care
- 1. Mini Review Speaking the Truth about Cardiac Drugs and Diets - The Important Need for us to Obtain Objective Scientific Measurement - Richard M. Fleming1 *, Matthew R. Fleming1 and Tapan K. Chaudhuri2 1 FHHI-OmnificImaging-Camelot, El Segundo, CA, USA 2 Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA *Address for Correspondence: Richard M. Fleming, FHHI-OmnificImaging-Camelot, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Tel: +818-210-6930; ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9964-1518; E-mail: Submitted: 07 January 2020; Approved: 05 February 2020; Published: 10 February 2020 Citation this article: Fleming RM, Fleming MR, Chaudhuri TK. Speaking the Truth about Cardiac Drugs and Diets - The Important Need for us to Obtain Objective Scientific Measurement. Sci J Womens Health Care. 2020;4(1): 003-004. Copyright: © 2020 Fleming RM, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Scientific Journal of Women’s Health & Care
- 2. Scientific Journal of Women’s Health & Care SCIRES Literature - Volume 4 Issue 1 - www.scireslit.com Page -004 KEYWORDS FMTVDM; Big pharma; Statins; Inflammation; Diets; LowCarb diets INTRODUCTION The use of HMG Co-A reductase inhibitors, colloquially known as statins, represent one of the most prescribed class of medications in history, exceeding 200 million prescriptions per year in the U.S. alone [1]. The confounding variable of adult onset diabetes (T2D) has added hundreds of millions of additional prescriptions to what are already prescribed [1] in a battle surrounding the inflammatory diseases plaguing modern civilization - diabetes, coronary artery disease and obesity [2]. Coupled with more than 10 million diagnostic studies done per year looking for heart disease [3], and the misrepresentation of how those drugs work [4], and you have a milieu for over prescription fueled by Big Pharma. In addition to what is published about these drugs, are the unpublished studies one is only privy to as a reviewer for medical journals and conference presentations. Being such a reviewer, the first author has had the opportunity to see information, which most physicians remain unaware of. This information would undoubtedly modify the prescribing practice of many medical colleagues. One of the staunchest critics of statin use is Dr. Aseem Malhotra. While Dr. Malhotra and the first author may disagree on which diets work best to address these inflammatory diseases - something we still need to address [5] particularly in light of the most recently retrospective study now being discussed [6] - we do agree on the need for more transparency over how these drugs are prescribed, their actual benefit versus side-effect profiles, and whether they truly provide the promised benefit to survival and quality of life. The only way to do this is to conduct a study quantifying changes in CAD following treatment [7]. The over prescription of drugs, either through misrepresentations made to the FDA or overzealous marketing to physicians needs to be addressed. This over prescription has burdened the health care system without demonstrating the benefit promised. If these drugs truly provide enhanced length and quality of life for those taking them, then there should be no problem with increased transparency and discussion of their benefits and risks. We would also point out that such studies do not exist for dietary outcomes absent the semi-quantitative studies we have discussed previously [5] and there are absolutely no dietary studies, which have been done for LowCarb diets showing improvement or stabilization of CAD. The people of Oz may have been happy to listen to the man behind the curtain - but we do not live in Oz and such discussions and transparency are long overdue. ACKNOWLEDGMENT FMTVDM issued to first author. REFERENCES 1. ClinCalc DrugStats Database. http://bit.ly/2vTayKV 2. Fleming RM, John C. Chang. The pathogenesis of vascular disease. New York: Textbook of Angiology. Springer-Verlag. 1999; 787-798. http://bit. ly/379rHNC 3. Nuclear medicine communications. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 1997; 18. 4. Fleming RM, Chaudhuri TK, McKusick A. The FDA, HHS, Sestamibi redistribution and quantification. Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2019; 3: 47-69. 2581-5423. http://bit.ly/2Uun0er 5. Fleming RM, Fleming MR, Chaudhuri TK. Are we prescribing the right diets and drugs for CAD, T2D, cancer and Obesity? Int J Nuclear Med Radioactive Subs. 2019; 2: 1-2. http://bit.ly/31uABE5 6. Robin WMV, Dena Z, Mi Ah Han, Regina El Dib, Max ZBA, Kirolos Milio, et al. Red and processed meat consumption and risk for all-cause mortality and cardiometabolic outcomes. A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Ann Intern Med. 2019. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/pubmed/31569213 7. The Fleming Method for Tissue and Vascular Differentiation and Metabolism (FMTVDM) using same state single or sequential quantification comparisons. http://bit.ly/2vSrFN4