Science aims to understand natural phenomena through reasoned investigation and discovery of new principles, while engineering applies scientific knowledge to design tools, machines, and systems that manipulate nature for human benefit. The document discusses the objectives and differences between science and engineering, provides details on the human eye and how it compares to a camera, and outlines similarities and differences between how birds and aircraft fly based on aerodynamic principles despite using different mechanisms.

1. Science Vs Engineering
Science – Means “to know”
Objectives of Science
• Study of natural phenomenon
• To understand natural systems
• Reasoned investigation
• Discovery of new principles
• Production of useful models of reality

2. Science Vs Engineering
Objectives of Engineering
• Application of scientific knowledge
• Designing tools, machine and systems based
on scientific principles
• Manipulation of nature for human welfare
• Innovation
Science and Engineering are interdependent

3. Human Eye
• Eyelid
• Iris
• Cilliary muscle
• Lens
• Retina

4. Eye Vs Camera
• Shutter - Cover the lens when not in use
• Aperture – allows to adjust the amount of light
• Focusing screw – For zooming
• Lens – Focus light on receptor surface
• Photosensitive receptor – Captures image

5. Birds and aircraft
• Same Principle different mechanisms
• Bernoulli’s principle – fast moving air has lower
pressure.
• Streamline body – Based on aerodynamics
• Wings – helps to stay afloat in air
• Feet / landing gear – helps in landing
• Light body material – cage like structure of bone.
Use of carbon fiber and aluminum
• Sense of direction/GPS