The document discusses different student groups that demonstrated how sound is created and travels. It explains that sound is created by vibrating objects moving through a medium like air in the form of sound waves. These waves cause the eardrum to vibrate and the brain perceives it as sound. The groups showed this concept using tambourines and pulled strings. The document also discusses characteristics of sound waves like frequency and pitch. Higher frequencies mean higher pitches, and humans can hear sounds from 20-20,000 vibrations per second. Solid materials conduct sound more efficiently than air. The student groups explored these concepts using instruments like kazoos, shakers, and drums.

1. G R O U P S GROUP 1- Carl, Jess, Janelle and Carmel GROUP 2- Karen, Kiara, Nikki and Emma GROUP 3- Wendy, Ruth and Hannah GROUP 4- Katie, Kate.C and Kristine GROUP 5- Michelle, Stacy and Simone

2. SCIENCE CURRICULUM AND PEDAGOGY

3. WHAT THE LM NEEDS TO KNOW-THE EXPLAINING PHASE Sound is created through vibrating objects going through a medium in the forms of sound waves. These sound waves reach the eardrum causing them to vibrate. Then the brain perceives these vibrating waves as sound. The group that made tambourines demonstrated this basic point. When they shook the tambourine and the objects inside it vibrated, producing sound. The sound caused the air molecules to move back and forth.

4. IMPORTANT BACKGROUND INFO Sound waves have different characteristics. Perceived pitch is determined by frequency, or by how fast an object vibrates back and forth. Frequency is the number of times that an object, or sound wave it produces, vibrates in one second. The higher the frequency of an object, the higher the pitch. The normal human ear can hear sounds with frequencies between 20 and 20,000 vibrations per second. The group that made the squawking instrument- what string had the higher pitch- the thin or thick string? This is because the thin string vibrates more rapidly then the thick one

5. The sound of musical instruments depends on their vibrating system (eg. A string) and the mediums or objects through which sound travels through The group that made the kazoo- What happened when you made a sound into that kazoo? The air inside the tube vibrated causing the waxed paper to vibrate- as the sound waves travelled through the waxed paper the sound from your voice was altered as the sound waves were altered

6. The group that made the shakers- What material was the container made out of that produced the loudest or clearest noise? Why do you think this happened? Solid objects actually conduct sound more efficiently then air does. The molecules in the tin container are packed very tightly and energy is more easily passed between tight molecules The group that experimented with the water bottle drum probably found that striking the drum with a metal rod made the loudest noise as the metal in the rod allowed the sound energy to travel more efficiently

7. The group that made the ‘squawking container’ by pulling on the strings used a container that acted as a sound box simular to a violin or guitar. This reinforced the sound vibrations made by the hanging strings. When you pulled down on the strings what did you hear? This is because you caused the strings to vibrate and a noise was created as the sound travelled better through a solid (string).

8. LESSON INFORMATION Although these activities could be adapted for a younger year group the relevant essential learning outcome for this learning experience was Year 9- Energy and Change- Transfer of energy can vary according to the medium in which it travels