This document discusses addressing food security in the Western Himalayan region of India through the System of Crop Intensification (SCI). SCI is based on the principles of SRI for rice but adapted for other crops. Initial trials from 2006-2008 saw yield increases of over 60% for wheat, finger millet, and kidney beans compared to conventional practices. Further trials from 2009-2010 expanded SCI to additional crops like maize, black gram, and soybean, also achieving average yield gains of over 45%. The document outlines the recommended SCI practices and principles as well as results that demonstrate SCI can significantly improve food production and livelihoods in the food deficit states of the region.
This document discusses addressing food security in the Western Himalayan region through promoting the System of Crop Intensification (SCI). It provides background on the region's climate, soils, crops, and food deficit status. SCI principles including transplanting young seedlings, wider spacing, and organic matter addition are described. Trial results from 2006-2010 showed average grain yield increases of over 60% for various crops under SCI compared to conventional practices. The document outlines ongoing research on SCI and presents results of direct seeding and transplanting trials showing higher productivity under SCI. Promoting SCI is presented as a way to enhance food security in the region.
This document describes experiences with the System of Root Intensification (SRI) method of crop cultivation in Gaya and Nalanda districts of Bihar, India. It finds that SRI methods lead to higher productivity and yields compared to traditional methods for a variety of crops including rice, wheat, rapeseed, sugarcane, and vegetables. Key aspects of SRI that contribute to higher yields include reduced seed rates, wider spacing of plants, increased root growth and tiller formation, and improved soil and plant management. SRI methods are also found to reduce costs of cultivation and increase incomes of small and marginal farmers. Various stakeholders are involved in promoting SRI in the region.
1. The document compares the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method of paddy cultivation to traditional methods in Gujarat, India. Key differences between the methods include younger seedlings, fewer seedlings per hill, and alternating wet and dry soil conditions in SRI.
2. Preliminary results show SRI yields higher returns - average yield was 3150 kg/ha for SRI and 2005 kg/ha for traditional, with net returns of Rs. 17,909/ha and Rs. 7,036/ha respectively. However, more research is needed to fully evaluate the benefits of SRI.
3. Most farmers currently prefer SRI due to higher yields and returns, but some constraints
Household Determinants and Impact of Soil and Water Conservation Practices in...essp2
The document summarizes a study on household adoption of soil and water conservation practices in Ethiopia's Blue Nile Basin. It describes the sample selection of 9 woredas and 1810 households in the basin. On average, 40% of households reported using soil and water conservation on private land. Common assistance received included advice on construction of bunds/terraces and fertilizer application. Stone terraces and soil bunds were seen as the most important infrastructure, while soil bunds and check dams were viewed as the most successful conservation activities. Households preferred receiving further assistance and advice on conservation in the future.
This document provides background information on sugarcane cultivation in India. It discusses how sugarcane originated in India and became an important crop. India is now the second largest producer of sugarcane globally. Sugarcane supports over 35 million farmers and is a large industry worth 30,000 crore rupees. However, average sugarcane yields in India are low at 40 tonnes per hectare. The document outlines the state-wise production and productivity data for sugarcane in India and notes that despite its importance, productivity remains low in many regions.
Sense and nonsense in CA: principles, pragmatism and productivity..... John ...Joanna Hicks
1. Conservation agriculture principles like minimum soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and crop diversification have been widely adopted in Australian farming, though in a pragmatic way tailored to the environment and system constraints.
2. Productivity improvements from no-till adoption have been modest on average but vary significantly based on season and location. Further gains may come from addressing biological constraints through genetics, precision techniques, and novel inputs.
3. Strategic tillage can play a role in integrated weed management and addressing issues like soil acidity, compaction, and disease, though complete elimination of disturbance is not always necessary or beneficial. Ongoing evidence-based innovation is needed to optimize conservation agriculture systems.
This document discusses addressing food security in the Western Himalayan region through promoting the System of Crop Intensification (SCI). It provides background on the region's climate, soils, crops, and food deficit status. SCI principles including transplanting young seedlings, wider spacing, and organic matter addition are described. Trial results from 2006-2010 showed average grain yield increases of over 60% for various crops under SCI compared to conventional practices. The document outlines ongoing research on SCI and presents results of direct seeding and transplanting trials showing higher productivity under SCI. Promoting SCI is presented as a way to enhance food security in the region.
This document describes experiences with the System of Root Intensification (SRI) method of crop cultivation in Gaya and Nalanda districts of Bihar, India. It finds that SRI methods lead to higher productivity and yields compared to traditional methods for a variety of crops including rice, wheat, rapeseed, sugarcane, and vegetables. Key aspects of SRI that contribute to higher yields include reduced seed rates, wider spacing of plants, increased root growth and tiller formation, and improved soil and plant management. SRI methods are also found to reduce costs of cultivation and increase incomes of small and marginal farmers. Various stakeholders are involved in promoting SRI in the region.
1. The document compares the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method of paddy cultivation to traditional methods in Gujarat, India. Key differences between the methods include younger seedlings, fewer seedlings per hill, and alternating wet and dry soil conditions in SRI.
2. Preliminary results show SRI yields higher returns - average yield was 3150 kg/ha for SRI and 2005 kg/ha for traditional, with net returns of Rs. 17,909/ha and Rs. 7,036/ha respectively. However, more research is needed to fully evaluate the benefits of SRI.
3. Most farmers currently prefer SRI due to higher yields and returns, but some constraints
Household Determinants and Impact of Soil and Water Conservation Practices in...essp2
The document summarizes a study on household adoption of soil and water conservation practices in Ethiopia's Blue Nile Basin. It describes the sample selection of 9 woredas and 1810 households in the basin. On average, 40% of households reported using soil and water conservation on private land. Common assistance received included advice on construction of bunds/terraces and fertilizer application. Stone terraces and soil bunds were seen as the most important infrastructure, while soil bunds and check dams were viewed as the most successful conservation activities. Households preferred receiving further assistance and advice on conservation in the future.
This document provides background information on sugarcane cultivation in India. It discusses how sugarcane originated in India and became an important crop. India is now the second largest producer of sugarcane globally. Sugarcane supports over 35 million farmers and is a large industry worth 30,000 crore rupees. However, average sugarcane yields in India are low at 40 tonnes per hectare. The document outlines the state-wise production and productivity data for sugarcane in India and notes that despite its importance, productivity remains low in many regions.
Sense and nonsense in CA: principles, pragmatism and productivity..... John ...Joanna Hicks
1. Conservation agriculture principles like minimum soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and crop diversification have been widely adopted in Australian farming, though in a pragmatic way tailored to the environment and system constraints.
2. Productivity improvements from no-till adoption have been modest on average but vary significantly based on season and location. Further gains may come from addressing biological constraints through genetics, precision techniques, and novel inputs.
3. Strategic tillage can play a role in integrated weed management and addressing issues like soil acidity, compaction, and disease, though complete elimination of disturbance is not always necessary or beneficial. Ongoing evidence-based innovation is needed to optimize conservation agriculture systems.
- The document discusses experiences with the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh in India, which have seen food deficits. SRI practices including young seedlings, wider spacing, single seedlings, and organic matter addition have led to increased rice yields.
- SRI principles were adapted for other crops like wheat, finger millet, and kidney beans. Trials showed yield increases of over 60% on average compared to conventional practices. SRI was expanded to cover over 13,000 farmers and 551 hectares during drought conditions in 2009.
Presenter: Debashish Sen, S.P. Chaturvedi, Hiralal Bharti, and Rajendra Bansal
Audience: 2nd National SRI Symposium, Agartala, India
Subject Country: Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh, India
1. The document discusses promoting the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method of cultivation among marginal farmers in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh in India. SRI has led to increased yields compared to conventional methods, with average increases of 50-75% reported.
2. Key aspects of SRI include transplanting younger seedlings in a spaced manner, keeping the soil moist but not continuously flooded, and use of organic compost. Workshops and demonstrations were held to train over 600 farmers in SRI.
3. Data from trial plots showed SRI yields of 50-75 quintals per hectare compared to 30-40 quintals for conventional methods. SRI also reduces costs
The document summarizes PRADAN's experience promoting System of Rice Intensification (SRI) technology with small and marginal farmers in Chhattisgarh, India. [1] In the 2011-2012 period, the project worked with 13 NGOs across 11 districts to train over 10,000 farmers on SRI techniques. [2] On average, SRI fields saw a yield increase to 6.46 metric tons per hectare compared to traditional yields of 2.1 metric tons. [3] This doubling of productivity helps ensure food security for participant families for 8-9 months of the year rather than just 3-6 months previously.
- NIRMAN is a grassroots environmental group working on conservation, ecological agriculture, and sustainable livelihoods through literacy programs.
- They are implementing several "System of..." initiatives including the Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI) which promotes growing sugarcane with less inputs and water using techniques like nursery raising, wider spacing, and organic nutrient management.
- SSI aims to address problems sugarcane farmers face like rising costs, low yields, water depletion, and climate vulnerabilities. It has led to higher yields, lower costs, and additional incomes from intercropping compared to conventional practices.
The document discusses NIRMAN's Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI) in Odisha, India. SSI promotes more productive sugarcane cultivation using less water, seeds, and inputs through practices like raising nurseries, transplanting young seedlings in wider rows, and integrated nutrient management. Farmers adopting SSI achieved higher yields of over 46 tons/acre compared to 32 tons/acre from conventional methods. The initiative has expanded from 1 district in 2009 to involve over 600 farmers across 6 districts and 350 acres by 2012.
Emerging impact of direct dry-seeded rice in the semi-arid region of IndiaICRISAT
Around 24 million ha of the 141 million ha cultivable lands of India are kept fallow in some cropping season of the year due to limited canal water supply, insufficient rainfall and lack
of resources for cultivation. Fallow paddy fields can be used for growing crops during the post-rainy season by utilizing residual moisture and improved nutrient management practices
with minimum supplemental irrigation. Improving the production of food crops to meet the increasing demand, enhancing resource use efficiency and farm income, and sustaining
better rice-based cropping systems are major challenges in the semi-arid region that should be addressed extensively.
Quantification of sri components on growth, yield and economics of rice in jh...Ashutosh Pal
This document summarizes a study on quantifying the effects of different components of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) on rice growth, yield, and economics in Jharkhand, India. The study found that following all six SRI principles (proper seedling age and spacing, single seedling transplanting, weed management, nutrient management, and water management) led to the highest rice yields, growth parameters, and net returns compared to conventional methods or modifying individual SRI principles. Adopting all six SRI principles increased yields by 26-33% and profits by over 50% compared to conventional practices. The document concludes it is important for farmers to follow all key SRI principles to maximize rice productivity and
IFPRI- CSISA organized a one day high level policy roundtable on Sustainable Intensification in India’s Risk-Prone Ecologies: Investment strategies for productivity growth, resource conservation, and climate risk management” on May 19, 2014 in New Delhi.
This roundtable, brings together a high-level small group of individuals from the corporate, government, and research sectors to address one of India’s most urgent challenges to food security and economic growth—how to encourage private sector investment in accelerating productivity growth in India’s risk-prone ecologies while simultaneously conserving the environment.
There are solutions already in farmers’ fields and rural markets that respond to these challenges, and this Roundtable will highlight recent advances, for example: innovative financial products and information services for small-scale farmers; diagnostic tools for managing water and soil nutrient scarcity; custom-hired resource-conserving machinery for small farms; crop diversification and high-value marketing strategies; and stress-resistant wheat and rice varieties. But the search for solutions is far from complete. This Roundtable is meant to engage participants in a rapid-fire discussion of recent technical solutions in Indian agriculture, the prospects for policy change, and corporate outlooks for the next five years. The purpose is to help public and private sector players to identify common investment strategies, forge partnerships, and chalk out collaborative efforts to effect technological, market, and policy improvements in India’s risk prone ecologies.
Maize yield increases and stabilisation under CA in semi-arid districts of Ta...Joanna Hicks
Maize yields increased and stabilized under conservation agriculture (CA) practices in semi-arid districts of Tanzania compared to conventional tillage. Over three years of study, CA techniques such as ripping, minimum tillage with a jab planter, cover cropping with lablab and pigeon peas, and residue retention produced consistently higher maize yields than farmers' practices of ox plowing and residue removal. The preferred CA methods among smallholder farmers were ripping supplemented with the jab planter for seed placement. While CA increased food security through higher yields, on its own it may not alleviate poverty due to small land holdings and lack of alternative livelihood opportunities during non-growing seasons.
1. The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is a resource-saving, high-yielding rice farming method that can meet the needs of increased land and water productivity, accessibility for poor farmers, environmental friendliness, pest and drought resistance, and profitability for farmers.
2. SRI practices such as young seedlings, wider spacing, and intermittent flooding have been shown to increase yields by 50-100% with 25-50% less water and 10-20% lower costs of production compared to conventional methods across multiple countries.
3. SRI also provides benefits like reduced methane emissions, greater pest and disease resistance, stronger resistance to stresses like lodging and drought, and improved grain quality.
GHGs Mitigation Potenatial of CA practices for Climate Smart Agriculturepardeepsagwal
This document provides information about a Ph.D. research project studying the effect of tillage practices, crop establishment techniques, nitrogen management, and residue management on crop yields and soil carbon sequestration in rice-wheat cropping systems. The research is taking place in India and examines treatments including conventional tillage, zero tillage, direct seeding of rice, and the addition or removal of crop residues. The objectives are to evaluate crop growth, yields, soil carbon storage, and economics under different management practices. The document also discusses carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas sampling procedures, and expected impacts on emissions from various tillage and nitrogen strategies.
Smt. Meena Devi is a 38-year-old farmer from Pathuli village in Rudraprayag district of Uttarakhand. She adopted SRI (System of Rice Intensification) practices for rice cultivation on her 0.44 hectares of land. Using SRI techniques like wider spacing of seedlings, mechanical weeding, and reduced water levels, she was able to double her rice yield compared to conventional methods, producing 144 kg of grain per nali versus 70 kg previously. However, she faced challenges with water management on sloping land and difficulty using markers and weeders the first year. Proper training, equipment availability, and assured irrigation are needed to further promote SRI adoption.
The document discusses the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method, an alternative for increasing rice cultivation and productivity in Nepal. It provides a brief history of SRI trials in Nepal starting in 1999, which saw more successful results from 2001 onward. It describes the key aspects of the SRI method used in Nepal, including young seedlings, single seedling transplanting in wider spacing, soil moisture management, and weeding. The document argues that SRI is beneficial for Nepal for reasons such as rice being the staple food, low rice productivity, and challenges around input prices and water scarcity. SRI can increase yields, reduce inputs and costs, and help address food security and poverty issues. Challenges
The document discusses the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method, an alternative for increasing rice cultivation and productivity in Nepal. It provides a brief history of SRI trials in Nepal starting in 1999, which saw more successful results from 2001 onward. It describes the key aspects of the SRI method used in Nepal, including young seedlings, single seedling transplanting in wider spacing, soil moisture management, and weeding. The document argues that SRI is beneficial for Nepal for reasons such as rice being the staple food, low rice productivity, and challenges around input prices and water scarcity. SRI can increase yields, reduce inputs and costs, and help address food security and poverty issues. Challenges
Presenter: M.C. Diwakar, Director, Directorate of Rice Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperation, Patna
Audience: 2nd National SRI Symposium, Agartala, India
Subject Country: India
- Garhwal Vikas Kendra (GVK) is a non-profit organization established in 1988 in Uttarakhand, India that works on livelihood improvement and other development projects.
- GVK has implemented the System of Crop Intensification (SCI), a method of increasing crop yields, since 2007. SCI adoption by farmers has increased from 1 farmer in 2006-07 to over 5,600 farmers and 337 hectares in 2011-12.
- In 2011-12, GVK's target was 6,000 SCI farmers and 2,000 farmers adopting the System of Wheat Intensification (SWI), another SCI method. The targets for SCI were achieved but S
- The document discusses experiences with the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh in India, which have seen food deficits. SRI practices including young seedlings, wider spacing, single seedlings, and organic matter addition have led to increased rice yields.
- SRI principles were adapted for other crops like wheat, finger millet, and kidney beans. Trials showed yield increases of over 60% on average compared to conventional practices. SRI was expanded to cover over 13,000 farmers and 551 hectares during drought conditions in 2009.
Presenter: Debashish Sen, S.P. Chaturvedi, Hiralal Bharti, and Rajendra Bansal
Audience: 2nd National SRI Symposium, Agartala, India
Subject Country: Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh, India
1. The document discusses promoting the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method of cultivation among marginal farmers in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh in India. SRI has led to increased yields compared to conventional methods, with average increases of 50-75% reported.
2. Key aspects of SRI include transplanting younger seedlings in a spaced manner, keeping the soil moist but not continuously flooded, and use of organic compost. Workshops and demonstrations were held to train over 600 farmers in SRI.
3. Data from trial plots showed SRI yields of 50-75 quintals per hectare compared to 30-40 quintals for conventional methods. SRI also reduces costs
The document summarizes PRADAN's experience promoting System of Rice Intensification (SRI) technology with small and marginal farmers in Chhattisgarh, India. [1] In the 2011-2012 period, the project worked with 13 NGOs across 11 districts to train over 10,000 farmers on SRI techniques. [2] On average, SRI fields saw a yield increase to 6.46 metric tons per hectare compared to traditional yields of 2.1 metric tons. [3] This doubling of productivity helps ensure food security for participant families for 8-9 months of the year rather than just 3-6 months previously.
- NIRMAN is a grassroots environmental group working on conservation, ecological agriculture, and sustainable livelihoods through literacy programs.
- They are implementing several "System of..." initiatives including the Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI) which promotes growing sugarcane with less inputs and water using techniques like nursery raising, wider spacing, and organic nutrient management.
- SSI aims to address problems sugarcane farmers face like rising costs, low yields, water depletion, and climate vulnerabilities. It has led to higher yields, lower costs, and additional incomes from intercropping compared to conventional practices.
The document discusses NIRMAN's Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI) in Odisha, India. SSI promotes more productive sugarcane cultivation using less water, seeds, and inputs through practices like raising nurseries, transplanting young seedlings in wider rows, and integrated nutrient management. Farmers adopting SSI achieved higher yields of over 46 tons/acre compared to 32 tons/acre from conventional methods. The initiative has expanded from 1 district in 2009 to involve over 600 farmers across 6 districts and 350 acres by 2012.
Emerging impact of direct dry-seeded rice in the semi-arid region of IndiaICRISAT
Around 24 million ha of the 141 million ha cultivable lands of India are kept fallow in some cropping season of the year due to limited canal water supply, insufficient rainfall and lack
of resources for cultivation. Fallow paddy fields can be used for growing crops during the post-rainy season by utilizing residual moisture and improved nutrient management practices
with minimum supplemental irrigation. Improving the production of food crops to meet the increasing demand, enhancing resource use efficiency and farm income, and sustaining
better rice-based cropping systems are major challenges in the semi-arid region that should be addressed extensively.
Quantification of sri components on growth, yield and economics of rice in jh...Ashutosh Pal
This document summarizes a study on quantifying the effects of different components of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) on rice growth, yield, and economics in Jharkhand, India. The study found that following all six SRI principles (proper seedling age and spacing, single seedling transplanting, weed management, nutrient management, and water management) led to the highest rice yields, growth parameters, and net returns compared to conventional methods or modifying individual SRI principles. Adopting all six SRI principles increased yields by 26-33% and profits by over 50% compared to conventional practices. The document concludes it is important for farmers to follow all key SRI principles to maximize rice productivity and
IFPRI- CSISA organized a one day high level policy roundtable on Sustainable Intensification in India’s Risk-Prone Ecologies: Investment strategies for productivity growth, resource conservation, and climate risk management” on May 19, 2014 in New Delhi.
This roundtable, brings together a high-level small group of individuals from the corporate, government, and research sectors to address one of India’s most urgent challenges to food security and economic growth—how to encourage private sector investment in accelerating productivity growth in India’s risk-prone ecologies while simultaneously conserving the environment.
There are solutions already in farmers’ fields and rural markets that respond to these challenges, and this Roundtable will highlight recent advances, for example: innovative financial products and information services for small-scale farmers; diagnostic tools for managing water and soil nutrient scarcity; custom-hired resource-conserving machinery for small farms; crop diversification and high-value marketing strategies; and stress-resistant wheat and rice varieties. But the search for solutions is far from complete. This Roundtable is meant to engage participants in a rapid-fire discussion of recent technical solutions in Indian agriculture, the prospects for policy change, and corporate outlooks for the next five years. The purpose is to help public and private sector players to identify common investment strategies, forge partnerships, and chalk out collaborative efforts to effect technological, market, and policy improvements in India’s risk prone ecologies.
Maize yield increases and stabilisation under CA in semi-arid districts of Ta...Joanna Hicks
Maize yields increased and stabilized under conservation agriculture (CA) practices in semi-arid districts of Tanzania compared to conventional tillage. Over three years of study, CA techniques such as ripping, minimum tillage with a jab planter, cover cropping with lablab and pigeon peas, and residue retention produced consistently higher maize yields than farmers' practices of ox plowing and residue removal. The preferred CA methods among smallholder farmers were ripping supplemented with the jab planter for seed placement. While CA increased food security through higher yields, on its own it may not alleviate poverty due to small land holdings and lack of alternative livelihood opportunities during non-growing seasons.
1. The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is a resource-saving, high-yielding rice farming method that can meet the needs of increased land and water productivity, accessibility for poor farmers, environmental friendliness, pest and drought resistance, and profitability for farmers.
2. SRI practices such as young seedlings, wider spacing, and intermittent flooding have been shown to increase yields by 50-100% with 25-50% less water and 10-20% lower costs of production compared to conventional methods across multiple countries.
3. SRI also provides benefits like reduced methane emissions, greater pest and disease resistance, stronger resistance to stresses like lodging and drought, and improved grain quality.
GHGs Mitigation Potenatial of CA practices for Climate Smart Agriculturepardeepsagwal
This document provides information about a Ph.D. research project studying the effect of tillage practices, crop establishment techniques, nitrogen management, and residue management on crop yields and soil carbon sequestration in rice-wheat cropping systems. The research is taking place in India and examines treatments including conventional tillage, zero tillage, direct seeding of rice, and the addition or removal of crop residues. The objectives are to evaluate crop growth, yields, soil carbon storage, and economics under different management practices. The document also discusses carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas sampling procedures, and expected impacts on emissions from various tillage and nitrogen strategies.
Smt. Meena Devi is a 38-year-old farmer from Pathuli village in Rudraprayag district of Uttarakhand. She adopted SRI (System of Rice Intensification) practices for rice cultivation on her 0.44 hectares of land. Using SRI techniques like wider spacing of seedlings, mechanical weeding, and reduced water levels, she was able to double her rice yield compared to conventional methods, producing 144 kg of grain per nali versus 70 kg previously. However, she faced challenges with water management on sloping land and difficulty using markers and weeders the first year. Proper training, equipment availability, and assured irrigation are needed to further promote SRI adoption.
The document discusses the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method, an alternative for increasing rice cultivation and productivity in Nepal. It provides a brief history of SRI trials in Nepal starting in 1999, which saw more successful results from 2001 onward. It describes the key aspects of the SRI method used in Nepal, including young seedlings, single seedling transplanting in wider spacing, soil moisture management, and weeding. The document argues that SRI is beneficial for Nepal for reasons such as rice being the staple food, low rice productivity, and challenges around input prices and water scarcity. SRI can increase yields, reduce inputs and costs, and help address food security and poverty issues. Challenges
The document discusses the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method, an alternative for increasing rice cultivation and productivity in Nepal. It provides a brief history of SRI trials in Nepal starting in 1999, which saw more successful results from 2001 onward. It describes the key aspects of the SRI method used in Nepal, including young seedlings, single seedling transplanting in wider spacing, soil moisture management, and weeding. The document argues that SRI is beneficial for Nepal for reasons such as rice being the staple food, low rice productivity, and challenges around input prices and water scarcity. SRI can increase yields, reduce inputs and costs, and help address food security and poverty issues. Challenges
Presenter: M.C. Diwakar, Director, Directorate of Rice Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperation, Patna
Audience: 2nd National SRI Symposium, Agartala, India
Subject Country: India
- Garhwal Vikas Kendra (GVK) is a non-profit organization established in 1988 in Uttarakhand, India that works on livelihood improvement and other development projects.
- GVK has implemented the System of Crop Intensification (SCI), a method of increasing crop yields, since 2007. SCI adoption by farmers has increased from 1 farmer in 2006-07 to over 5,600 farmers and 337 hectares in 2011-12.
- In 2011-12, GVK's target was 6,000 SCI farmers and 2,000 farmers adopting the System of Wheat Intensification (SWI), another SCI method. The targets for SCI were achieved but S
This document summarizes a project conducted over 3 phases from 2009-2012 to promote the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) technique in Manipur, India. The project worked with 14 partner organizations across 9 districts to train over 4,600 farmers across 3,800 acres. Key activities included training coordinators, promoters, and farmers. The project achieved increased productivity, food security, and modernized rice cultivation techniques. It also created awareness of eco-friendly agriculture and built capacity of local partners and farmers to continue SRI extension. Challenges included timely funding, natural disasters, lack of equipment, and acceptance by hill farmers. The project positively impacted food security, productivity, and agriculture practices in the region.
The document summarizes experiences with the System of Root Intensification (SRI) method of crop cultivation in Gaya and Nalanda districts of Bihar, India. It finds that SRI methods increase yields for crops like rice, wheat, rapeseed, and sugarcane compared to traditional methods. Key steps in SRI include treatments to seeds before sowing, wider spacing of plants, and reduced seed/planting material usage. SRI cultivation lowers costs per quintal of production compared to traditional methods and increases incomes for farmers.
Society for Integrated Social Upliftment (SISU) has been working since 2008 to promote sustainable rice intensification (SRI) and other crops in Jharkhand. It has worked with over 4,000 farmers across 52 villages, covering over 1,900 acres. The organization coordinates with the District Agriculture Department, including providing subsidized fertilizers to farmers who register for its programs. SISU has expanded its efforts to include other crops beyond rice, such as wheat and the winter crop SWI. It holds farm field schools to teach improved cultivation techniques to farmers.
This document summarizes the Society for Promotion of Wastelands Development's work promoting System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Jharkhand and West Bengal between 2005-2011. Key points include:
1) Coverage of SRI expanded from 1600 farmers cultivating 641 acres in 2008 to 34,000 farmers and 12,000 acres by 2011.
2) Productivity increases averaged 60-85% through use of SRI techniques.
3) Strategies used included farmer training, seed treatment, certified seeds, green manuring, and exposure visits.
4) Government policy initiatives included promotion of SRI in state agriculture policies and programs.
The document describes the Garuda Paddy Weeder, a powered weeding solution for rice paddies. It notes that manual weeding is very labor-intensive and costly, while existing mechanized options like cono weeders are also laborious and slow. The Garuda Paddy Weeder addresses these issues with a 1.75 HP engine, ergonomic design for single-operator use, hardened rotating blades, and ability to cover land four times faster than manual weeding. Test results and field usage show it requires low maintenance while achieving high weeding efficiency and low crop damage compared to other options.
The document summarizes the progress and achievements of the SRI-T program between 2006-2012. It reports that the program expanded from 2 states and 14 districts in 2006-07 to 11 states and 94 districts in 2011-12, working with over 127 partners and reaching over 1 million farmers. The average land coverage by farmers increased from 0.22 acres to 0.35 acres. The program aims to promote SRI techniques to small farmers to improve food security through demonstration and training local experts. Results from one farmer showed SRI yielding more rice compared to conventional methods, providing over two months more food security.
The document summarizes the progress and achievements of the SRI-T program between 2006-2012. It reports that the program expanded from 2 states and 14 districts in 2006-07 to 11 states and 94 districts in 2011-12, working with over 127 partners and reaching over 1 million farmers. The average land coverage by farmers increased from 0.22 acres to 0.35 acres. The program aims to promote SRI techniques to small farmers to increase household food security through demonstrations and training local experts. Results from one farmer showed SRI yielding 105kg/0.1 acre more than conventional methods in the first year and 230kg/0.2 acres more in the second year, providing 24-54 additional days of rice consumption
The document summarizes the Systems of Crop Intensification (SCI) program implemented by Trust Microfin Network (TMN) to strengthen livelihoods of small farmers in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. It provides data on the pilot program in 2010 covering 87 farmers across 18 villages, which found average yields increased by 46.3% using SCI techniques. The program then expanded in 2011 to cover over 1,400 farmers across 74 villages. Key challenges included low adoption rates, ensuring repeat use of techniques, availability of farm implements, and developing a cadre of local resource persons to promote adoption.
This document summarizes an annual meeting on organic sustainable rice intensification (SRI) partnerships in Odisha, India. It discusses the need to promote sustainable food production in light of climate change and food insecurity. The United Artists' Association (UAA) mobilized over 2,000 small and marginal farmers to adopt organic SRI practices, increasing rice yields while reducing costs. Organic SRI increased production to 1795 kg compared to 1125 kg from conventional methods, with total costs of Rs. 5,885 compared to Rs. 7,304 conventionally. The document concludes the government is now acknowledging the benefits of organic and ecological farming.
The document summarizes the journey of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method of farming in North Bihar, India over several years. It describes some of the first uses of SRI for summer paddy in 2008, wheat in 2010, kharif (monsoon) paddy in 2011, and mustard in 2011-2012. It also mentions the use of human and animal waste from toilets as nutrients for ecological farming.
The document summarizes the journey of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method of farming in North Bihar, India over several years. It describes some of the first uses of SRI for summer paddy in 2008, wheat in 2010, kharif (monsoon) paddy in 2011, and mustard in 2011-2012. It also mentions the use of human and animal waste from toilets as nutrients for ecological farming.
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
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Sci by psi uttarakhand
1. ADDRESSING FOOD SECURITY IN
THE WESTERN HIMALAYAN REGION
THROUGH SYSTEM OF CROP INTENSIFICATION
PEOPLE’S SCIENCE INSTITUTE, DEHRADUN
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
2. The Western Himalayan Region
• Sub-Tropical to Dry Temperate
climate (Elevation: 200 m - > 2200 m)
• Mean annual rainfall – 1500 mm
• Soils – shallow to deep loamy, having
high organic matter content
• 15 % of geographical area under
cultivation
• 12 % of the net sown area is irrigated
(mostly rainfed terraced farming in
the hills)
• Isolated, fragmented and small
landholdings (average – 1 acre/hh)
• Common crops – wheat (37%), paddy
(31%), maize (26%) and millets, with
yields lower than 2 T/ha
• Subsistence oriented agriculture
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
3. Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh:
Food Deficit States
R W CC P
Uttarakhand Himachal Pradesh
R- Rice W-Wheat CC- Coarse Cereals P- Pulses O- Oilseed
Source: Uttarakhand at a Glance, 2008 Source: Statistical Outline of H.P., 2008
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
4. From SRI to System of Crop Intensification (SCI)
RECOMMENDED PRACTICES UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES
1 Transplanting of young seedlings Utilizing early vigour of young
seedlings
2 Wider spacing Reducing competition for light and
nutrients
3 Single seedling per hill Reducing external inputs in form of
seeds, water, etc
4 Alternate wetting and drying with Keeping soil from becoming anoxic
shallow irrigation
5 Inter-cultivation with weeder Promoting healthy root growth
6 Addition of organic matter Increasing soil microbial activity
and enhancing soil organic matter
SRI’s package of practices involving sustainable (?) management of plants,
soil, water and nutrients resulting in higher production with reduced
external inputs (?) could also be extrapolated to other crops.
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
5. Promoting System of Crop Intensification (SCI)
Goal - To enable farmers of Himachal Pradesh and
Uttarakhand from the Western Himalayan Region (and now
even Bundelkhand Region) to enhance food and livelihood
security through promotion of SCI
Objectives -
• Undertake capacity building of farmers to adopt the SRI
principles and practices for paddy, wheat and other cops.
• Build the capacities of local voluntary organizations by
creating a talent pool of master trainers for promoting
SCI.
• Help formulate states’ agricultural policy for promoting
the extension of SCI.
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
6. Initial Crops for SCI Trials (2006-08)
Wheat Finger Millet
Kidney Bean
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
7. Adaptations for Wheat, Finger Millet & Kidney Bean
Practice Wheat Finger Millet Kidney Bean
(Mandwa) (Rajma)
Young Direct seed sowing in Direct seed sowing in Direct seed
Seedlings line / Transplanting of line / Transplanting of sowing in line
15-25 days old
15-20 days old
seedlings
seedlings
Wider P to P : 15/20cm P to P : 20 cm P to P : 25 cm
Spacing R to R : 15/20 cm R to R : 20 cm R to R : 30 cm
Single 1-2 seed/seedling per Line sowing or 1 1-2 seed/ hill
Seedling / hill hill seedling/hill
Inter 2+ (manual weeding/ 2+ (manual weeding) 2+ (manual weeding)
Culture weeder/rake)
Organic Compost + PAM Compost + PAM Compost + PAM
Matter
PAM: Panchgavya, Amritghol, Matkakhad
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
8. Results of Trials on Initial Crops (2006-08)
2006 2007 2008
Crop No. of Conv. SCI No. of Conv. SCI No. of Conv. SCI
Farmers Grain Grain Farmers Grain Grain Farmers Grain Grain
(Area in Yield Yield (Area in Ha) Yield Yield (Area in Yield Yield
Ha) (Q/ha) (Q/ha) (Q/ha) (Q/ha) Ha) (Q/ha) (Q/ha)
% Incr. % Incr. % Incr.
Wheat (I) Research 16 22 30 23.5 42.5 557 24.4 48
Farm
(5.0 Ha) (38%) (0.224 Ha) (81%) (14.5 ha) (97%)
Wheat - - - 19 15.5 25 491 17.7 32.1
(UI)
(0.086 Ha) (61%) (6.7 Ha) (81%)
Mandwa - - - 5 18 24 43 15 24
(0.40 Ha) (33%) (0.80 Ha) (60%)
Rajma - - - 5 14 20 113 18 30
(0.40 Ha) (43%) (2.26 Ha) (67%)
The average percent increase in grain yield was more than 60 per cent
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
9. Trials on Additional Kharif Crops (2009 & 2010)
Maize Black Gram
Soyabean
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
10. Adaptations for Maize, Black Gram & Soyabean
Practice Conventional SCI Maize SCI Black SCI Soyabean
Gram
Young Direct seed Direct seed Direct seed Direct seed
Seedling Sowing sowing in line sowing in line sowing in line
Spacing Broadcasting P to P : 30 cm P to P: 25 cm P to P : 30 cm
R to R : 30 cm R to R: 30cm R to R : 30 cm
Single - 1-2 seed/hill 1-2 seed/ hill 1-2 seed/hill
Seedling/
hill
Inter- 1+ 3+ 2+ 2+
Culture (manual (manual (manual (manual
weeding) weeding) weeding) weeding)
Organic Compost Compost, PAM Compost, PAM Compost, PAM
matter
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
11. Coverage under SCI Kharif Crops (2009 & 2010)
2009 2010
S. Name of crops Total Area Total Area
No. Farmers (in Ha) Farmers (in Ha)
1. Maize 183 10.34 582 63.61
2. Kidney bean 679 14.01 598 11.36
(Rajma)
3. Finger Millet 340 8.04 747 15.66
(Mandwa)
4. Black gram (Urad) 314 2.00 121 3.28
5. Soyabean 77 2.47 298 7.32
6. Others (Tomato, 111 5.12 109 6.60
French bean , etc.)
Total 1,704 41.98 2,455 107.83
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
12. Results of Trials on Kharif Crops (2009-10)
Particulars Finger Millet Maize Black Gram Soyabean Kidney Bean
Conv. SCI Conv. SCI Conv. SCI Conv. SCI Conv. SCI
Avg. no. of 3 5 2 3 46 79 35 56 36 55
ears/plant or
cobs/plant
or pods/plant
Average 69 87 142 177 42 56 47 66 160 210
Plant Height
(cm)
Average no. 310 493 230 380 4 5 3 4 5 7
of grains /ear
or corns/cob
or grains/pod
Grain Yield 1.2 2.2 2.0 3.5 0.85 1.4 2.2 3.3 1.3 1.9
(T/ha)
% Inc. in - 83 - 75 - 65 - 50 - 46
Grain Yield
The average percent increase in grain yield was more than 45 per cent
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
13. Trials on Additional Rabi Crops (2009 & 2010)
Peas
Mustard
Gram
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
14. Adaptations for Mustard, Peas and Gram
Practice Conventional SCI Mustard SCI Peas SCI Gram
Young Direct seed Direct seed Direct seed Direct seed
Seedling Sowing sowing in line sowing in line sowing in line
Spacing Broadcasting R to R : 15/20 P to P: 20 cm P to P : 15-20
cm R to R: 30 cm cm
R to R : 30-45
cm
Single - 1-2 seed/hill 1-2 seed/ hill 1-2 seed/hill
Seedling/
hill
Inter- 1+ 2+ 2+ 2+
Culture (manual (manual (manual weeding) (manual
weeding) weeding) weeding)
Organic Compost Compost, Compost, Compost,
matter PAM PAM PAM
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
15. Coverage under SCI Rabi Crops (2009 & 2010)
2009 2010
S. Name of crops Total Area Total Area
No. Farmers (in Ha) Farmers (in Ha)
1. Wheat 4151 84.03 8237 364.79
2. Mustard 68 1.74 227 10.34
3. Peas 215 3.92 325 10.86
4. Lentil (Masur) 31 1.88 232 9.05
5. Gram 48 2.68 188 8.82
6. Others (Onion, 82 1.46 84 2.15
Garlic, etc.)
Total 4595 95.71 9293 406.01
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
16. Results of Trials on Rabi Crops (2009-10)
Particulars Wheat Mustard Peas Gram
Conv. SCI Conv. SCI Conv. SCI Conv. SCI
Avg. no. of
tillers/hill or
2 10 105 150 53 61 33 40
siliquae/pods
per plant
Average Plant
83 105 150 275 19 27 9 14
Height (cm)
Average no. of
grains /panicle
or 39 60 10 15 3 5 1 2
seed/siliquae
or grains /pod
Grain Yield
2.8 5.1 1.4 2.0 21.3 30.2 0.9 1.3
(T/ha)
% Inc. in
82 42 - 42 - 44
Grain Yield
The average percent increase in grain yield was more than 40 per cent
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
17. Research on SCI
• Trials on SWI crop performance under
direct seed sowing with different spacing
• Trials on SWI crop performance under
transplantation with different spacing
• SWI trials on crop performance under
inter cropping with pulses crops
• Trials on nutritional status of soils put
under SCI.
• Trials on newly designed seed drill
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
18. Results of Trials on SWI Crop Performance under
Direct Seed Sowing and Transplanting
Variety: HS 277 T -1 T -2 T-3 T-4 T-5 T-6
Plot Size: 4 sq.m.
Parameter Conv SWI SWI SWI SWI SWI SWI
.
Line Distance (inch) 8x8 8x8 6x6 8x8 6x6 9X9
Plant Distance (inch) 6x6 8x8 6x6 8x8 6x6 -
No. of seed/hill Trans. Trans. Trans. 2 seeds 1 seed
Total No. of plants 318 142 100 168 100 125 252
Total No. Productive Tillers 677 1988 1200 1512 1400 1250 998
Average plant Hight (in cm) 73 84.4 84.4 84 84.5 82 83.6
Average Ear Length (in cm 11 14.4 12 9 13.2 13 9.3
Average No of grain/Ear 64 92 90 87 92 87 82
Grain Yield (Q/ha) 30 62.5 55 50 60 32.5 42.5
Straw Yield (Q/ha) 62 90 75 70 82.5 65 70
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
19. Results of SWI Trials on
Crop Performance
under inter cropping with Pulses
T -1 T -2 T-3
Parameter Wheat (HS 277) + Wheat (HS 277) + Wheat (HS 277)
Masur (HPL 5) Gram (HPG 17) + Masur (HPL 5) + Gram (HPG 17)
Line 10 x 10 10 x 10 10 x 10
Distance
Plot Size 30 sq.m 30 sq.m 40 sq.m
Crop Wheat – 5.5 Kg Wheat - 5.6 Kg Wheat – 3.8 Kg
Production (18.3 Q/ha) (18.7 Q/ha) (9.5 Q/ha)
Crop Masur – 3.7 Kg Gram - 7.0 Kg Masur – 1.2 Kg
Production (12.3 Q/ha) (23.3 Q/ha) (3 Q/ha)
Gram – 3.0 Kg
(7.5 Q/ha)
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
20. Impact of SWI crop on Soil Nutrient Status
Nitrogen (kg/ha) Phosphorus (kg/ha) Organic Carbon (%)
Treatment BS AH % Red. BS AH % Red. BS AH % Inc.
Conv. Method 3.78 3.39 10 6.76 4.11 39 0.90 1.51 68
10 cm x 10 cm 6.33 1.74 73 6.37 3.26 49 1.05 1.85 77
10 cm x 10 cm
15 cm x 15 cm 2.91 2.17 25 6.46 2.89 55 0.74 2.04 175
15 cm x 15 cm
20 cm x 20 cm 4.26 2.75 35 4.73 2.48 47 1.01 1.73 72
20 cm x 20 cm
25 cm x 25 cm 4.40 1.81 59 6.95 3.64 48 1.04 1.66 60
25 cm x 25 cm
20 cm x 20 cm 2.41 1.84 24 6.15 3.79 38 0.91 1.83 102
15 cm x 15 cm
SWI Method 4.06 2.06 49 6.13 3.21 48 0.95 1.82 92
Note: BS-Before sowing AH-After harvesting
Soil nutrients needs to be replenished
21. Cost Benefit Analysis for SCI Crops and
Conventional method of Cultivation
S. Method Conventional SCI
No.
Total Gross Net C-B Total Gross Net C-B
Expen- Income Profit Ratio Expen- Income Profit Ratio
diture (Rs./ha) (Rs./ha) diture (Rs./ha) (Rs./ha)
(Rs./ha) (Rs./ha)
1 Direct seed 22,720 30,600 7,880 1:1.3 25,850 51,600 25,750 1:2.0
sowing (Wheat)
2 Finger Millet 14,920 25,900 10,980 1:1.7 15,640 34,400 18,760 1:2.2
(Mandwa)
3 Kidney Bean 28,250 56,000 27,775 1:2.0 30,250 80,000 49,750 1:2.6
(Rajma)
4 Mustard 21,630 32,000 10,370 1:1.4 17,500 48,000 30,500 1:2.7
B:C Ratio is more than 2:1 for most SCI crops
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
22. Upscaling Target and Approach
Av. Family Size : 5-6 members/household
Av. Landholding: 0.4 ha/household (UKD); 0.1ha irrigated (5 nalis)
Daily Per Total Average SCI Target Area
Capita Req. Annual Production Coverage
(gm/p/d) HH Req. (T/ha/season) (Ha/ HH)
Cereals 420 (T)
0.85-1.00 3.0 = 120 0.14 = 7 nalis
Pulses 40 0.08-0.09 kg/nali/yrkg/nali/yr 0.03 = 1.5 nalis
1.5 = 60
Saturate villages where SRI has been successfully
demonstrated by increasing the number of households and
area coverage per household.
Adoption of SCI in 3.25 lakh ha (45% of NSA) in UKD and in
1.31 lakh ha (23% of NSA) in HP can lead to states’ foodgrain
security
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
23. SRI Farmers and Area Coverage in Uttarakhand
(2006 to 2010)
Others POs added 9621 farmers Others POs covered 544.9 Ha.
Total No. of Farmers : 17,156 Total Coverage : 958 Ha (2.8 Nalis/HH)
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
24. SRI Target and Achievement : Kharif 2011
No. of SRI Farmers in UKD & BKD Area Coverage in UKD & BKD
Coverage : UKD- 0.062 ha per farmer (3.1 nali/ farmer) BKD-0.14 ha per farmer
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
25. SRI Crop Performance - Kharif 2011 (UKD)
Particulars Conventional SRI
No. of Effective Tillers/ hill 256 407
Average Plant Height (cm) 104 120
Average Panicle Length 19 25
(cm)
Average no. of grains 113 191
/Panicle
Grain Yield (Q/ha) 24 59
Straw Yield (Q/ha) 99 144
% Inc. in Grain Yield - 73
% Inc. in Straw Yield - 45
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
26. SRI Crop Performance - Kharif 2011 (BKD)
Particulars Conventional SRI
Total no. of tillers / hill 10 25
No. of Effective Tillers/ hill 9 23
Average Plant Height (cm) 96 86
Average Panicle Length 21 26
(cm)
Average no. of grains 117 206
/Panicle
Grain Yield (Q/ha) 47 75
Straw Yield (Q/ha) 133 173
% Inc. in Grain Yield - 60
% Inc. in Straw Yield - 30
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
27. Updated Status of Rabi 2011-12
S.No. Name of Districts Name of POs No. of villages Total Achieved framers (SWI)
1 Tehri Garhwal JVS 5 125
2 Tehri Garhwal CVS 3 0
3 Rudraprayag PNVS 8 410
4 Uttarkashi HENSAR 13 189
5 Uttarkshi SRADHA 5 190
7 Bageshwer HT 10 375
8 Bageshwer KSS 11 754
9 Almora BSLKS 5 50
10 Almora LA 5 50
11 Almora BVVM 5 75
12 Nainital PGVS 5 0
13 Nainital VIMARSH 9 87
Uttarakhand 84 2305
14 Chitrakoot GPVS 8 300
15 Panna KSS 32 350
16 Damoh GVS 14 600
Bundelkhand 54 1250
Total 15 138 3556
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
28. SCI- Farmers’ Perceived Benefits & Constraints
A. BENEFITS B. CONSTRAINTS
• Less seed requirement • Difficulty in changing mindset
• Less use of chemical • Time bound operations
fertilizers • Labour intensive
• Less disease occurrence • Unavailability of irrigation and rainfall
• Early maturity aberrations
• High grain yields • Limited availability of quality
• High grain quality equipments
• • Inadequate compost material
Increased biomass
• • More effort required in operating
Improves soil fertility
weeder for small terraces & clayey soil
• Lack of timely quality training & field
support
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
29. Critical Areas for Upscaling SCI
• Improvements in package of practice (water,
nutrient, and labour management, cost
effective equipment, etc.).
• Capacity building strategy (village level
resource persons and regular quality
training).
• Capacity building of government extension
personnel (CAOs, ADOs and persons at
Nyay Panchayat level).
•Research (other crops, disease resistant and
tillering varieties, equipments, etc.).
• Networking amongst stakeholders (farmers, CSOs, government, research
institutions, agriculture universities, media, etc.).
• Policy Framework (incentives, assured irrigation, outlets for equipments, market,
etc.).
Farmers should be provided flexibility for adoption of different
principles under SCI
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
30. PSI’s Future Strategy
• Ensure household level food security by increasing land
under SCI by each farmer
• Expand SCI to new potential areas through committed
VOs
• Expand SCI to rainfed areas through developing
package of practices for rain fed areas
• Capacity building of MTs, VLRPs and farmers on
varietal selection, seed treatment and crop protection
• Formation and capacity building of farmers groups
Making SRI demand driven
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
31. Thank You
Web : www.peoplesscienceinstitute.org 1 Indra Nagar
Mail : cnrm.psi@gmail.com Pin- 248 006
Phone : +91 135 2763649, 2773849 Uttarakhand, India
Fax : +91 135 2763368
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
32. SCI – A Boon for Mountain Farmers
• 88% of farmers are small and
marginal farmers with less than 0.4
ha (1 acre) per family.
• Rice and wheat are the staple food of
the populace.
• Higher stalk volume means more
fodder for the cattle.
• More farmyard manure and possibly
increased milk yields.
POTENTIAL TO ADDRESS THE FOOD
SECURITY AND LIVELIHOOD NEEDS
OF SMALL AND MARGINAL FARMERS
33. PSI’s Upscaling Strategy for SRI (2011-12)
Goal – To ensure effective promotion of SCI cultivation of paddy,
wheat and other grains in Uttarakhand and Bundelkhand by expanding
the area under cultivation by repeat farmers and reaching out to new
farmers in 12 districts ( 8 mountain districts in Ukd and 4 in Bkd ).
Objectives:
• Train 18,175 farmers : Ukd (14,140) and Bkd (4035)
• Expand the area coverage: from 513 ha to about 1070 ha
• Build the capacities: of V Os in Ukd and Bkd and create a talent pool
• Motivate all stakeholders: PSI, POs’ MTs, VLRPs, farmers
• To form farmer groups: to collectively focus on the gamut of problems
and influence the state agricultural policy for
wide scale extension of SCI.
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
34. Process
Selection of Basins and Partner Organizations (POs)
• Research
• Networking
Selection of villages and farmers
• Advocacy
Capacity building of master trainers and village level resource persons
Training of farmers
Information dissemination through media
Field Support (including formation of Farmers’ Groups)
Monitoring
Exposure Trips
Data Gathering & Dist. Workshops during Harvesting
State Workshop
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
35. Training of Master Trainers and Village Level
Resource Persons (Kharif 2011)
Classroom Sessions Practical Exercises
• Eight 2-days’ training workshops conducted (UKD- 6,
BKD-2)
• 54 Master Trainers (UKD-41, BKD-13)
• 161 VLRPs (UKD-124, BKD -37)
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
36. Capacity Building of Farmers (Kharif 2011)
• 240 Orientation Workshops
(UKD- 177, BKD-63) focusing on
• 12,766 farmers trained (Target 11,350)
UKD : 9739 (Target 7700)
BKD : 3027 (Target 2600)
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
37. Communication Materials and
Information Dissemination (Kharif 2011)
• Advertisements spots in Doordarshan.
• User-friendly manual on SRI (in Hindi) for
farmers.
• Poster sets on SRI (in Hindi) for MTs and
VLRPs.
• Film on SRI (in Hindi).
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
38. Field Support Activities (Kharif 2011)
Seed Treatments
Seed Treatments Mulching
Marking Transplanting
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
39. Field Support Activities (Kharif 2011)
Crop performance
Farmer interaction by PSI
Monitoring by Monitor Standing crops
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
41. Extension & Policy Advocacy (Kharif 2011)
Exposure Visits
• Exposure visits of farmers from
neighboring villages organized
before the harvesting of the paddy
crop.
Experience-sharing Workshops
• Eight district-level experience-
sharing workshops organized at the
time of harvesting of the paddy crop
to popularize and extend the SRI
method in the state.
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
42. Programme Monitoring
• PSI’s resource staff regularly visits
programme areas for monitoring and
guidance.
• A state level programme advisory
committee (PAC) of experienced
persons constituted, including
experts, govt. officials, scientists.
• PAC reviews the programme through
field visits and holds meetings with
the programme staff.
• Agriculture Department and KVK
officials invited to crop cutting
events.
January, 2012 Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT )
43. Results of Trials conducted on directly seeded SWI crop
Dharamshala Block, Kangra Jhandutta Block, Bilaspur
Variety: HS 295 Variety: HS 277
Parameter Conv. LS SWI -1 SWI-2 Conv. LS SWI-1 SWI-2
Line Distance (cm) 25 25 x 25 20 x 20 22.5 20 x 20 15 x 15
Seed Distance (cm) 25 x 25 20 x 20 20 x 20 15 x 15
No. of seed/hill 2 1 2 1 2 1
No. of Tillers/Plant 2 10 13 7 12 7 2 14 10
Avg. Plant Height (in 73 70 72 80 85 76 73 84 85 82
cm)
Avg. Ear Length (in cm) 7.5 11 9.5 8.0 9.5 9 11 9.3 13 13
Avg. No .of grain/ear 31 58 46 41 49 55 64 82 92 87
Grain Yield (t/ha) 1.5 2.5 2.0 1.7 2.2 2.5 3.0 4.3 6.0 3.3
Straw Yield (t/ha) 2.4 3.0 4.0 2.8 3.0 3.5 6.2 7.0 8.3 6.5
44. Results of Trials conducted on directly seeded SWI crop
Karsog Block, Mandi
Variety: HPW 249
Parameter Conv LS-Drill LS-Plough SWI -1 SWI-2
Line Distance (cm) . 25 25 25 x 25 20 x 20
Seed Distance (cm) 25 x 25 20 x 20
No. of seed/hill 2 1 2 1
No. of Tillers/Plant 2 4 1 11 9 8 11
Avg. Plant Height (in cm) 63 66 67 67 71 67 68
Avg. Ear Length (in cm) 8.8 9.2 8.4 11 11.2 10.8 11.8
Avg. No .of grain/ear 45 49 48 59 62 53 65
Grain Yield (t/ha) 2.0 3.5 3.0 4.2 4.4 5.0 5.3
Straw Yield (t/ha) 3.0 4.8 3.8 6.7 8.0 6.7 8.0
Maximum grain and straw yield was obtained under line to line and seed to
seed spacing of 20cm
45. Results of Trials conducted on Transplanted SWI crop
Dharamshala Block, Kangra Jhandutta Block, Bilaspur
Variety: HS 295 Variety: HS 277
Parameter Conv. SWI-1 SWI -2 SWI-3 Conv. SWI-1 SWI-2 SWI-2
Line Distance (cm) 25 x 25 20 x 20 15 x 15 20 x 20 20 x 20 15 x 15
Seed Distance (cm) 25 x 25 20 x 20 15 x 15 15 x 15 20 x 20 15 x 15
No. of seed/hill 2 2 2 1 1 1
No. of Tillers/Plant 2 13 7 5 2 14 12 9
Avg. Plant Height 73 85 78 82 73 84 84 84
(in cm)
Avg. Ear Length 7.5 11 9 9 11 14.4 12 9
(in cm)
Avg. No .of grain/ear 29 44 35 37 41 58 49 35
Grain Yield (t/ha) 0.9 1.3 1.5 1.0 3.0 6.3 5.5 5.0
Straw Yield (t/ha) 1.6 2.0 2.4 1.6 6.2 9.0 7.5 7.0
41 to 87 per cent increase in grain yield was obtained under transplanted
SWI
46. Results of SWI trials conducted
on inter cropping with pulses
Treatment -1 Treatment -2 Treatment-3
Parameter Wheat (HS 277) + Wheat (HS 277) + Wheat (HS 277) +
Lentil /Masur (HPL 5) Gram (HPG 17) Masur (HPL 5) +
Gram (HPG 17)
Line Distance (cm) 25 x 25 25 x 25 25 x 25
Wheat Yield 1.83 t/ha 1.87 t/ha 0.95 t/ha
Masur Yield 1.23 t/ha - 0.30 t/ha
Gram Yield - 2.33 t/ha 0.75 t/ha
47. Cost Benefit Analysis for SWI Crop and
Conventional method of Cultivation
Expenditure (in Rs./ha)
Method Plough- Seed Seed Manure Weeding Insect Harvesting Others Total
ing Sowing & Pest &
Control Threshing
Conven- 10,000 2,500 4,062 2,400 1,200 850 4,100 2,000 27,112
tional
SWI 10,000 500 6,250 3,450 5,400 500 4,800 2,500 33,400
Avg. Crop Yields Value of Grain and Straw (Rs.) Net Profit (Rs/ha) Benefit- Cost
(t/ha) Ratio
Grain Straw Grain Straw Total
Conven- 2.8 4.8 30,800 9,600 40,400 13,288 1.5 :1
tional
SWI 5.0 8.5 55,000 17,000 72,000 38,600 2.2:1
Use of seed drill can further increase the B:C ratio