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Schultz & Schultz 10e 1
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
Psychology and Work Today
This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:
any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;
preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;
any rental, lease, or lending of the program
Schultz & Schultz 10e 2
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
• Describe Industrial-Organizational (I-O) psychology, what I-O
psychologists do, and where they work
• Outline the scope and history of I-O psychology
• Understand how I-O psychologists conduct research
• Identify the major areas of I-O psychology
• Explain the contemporary challenges facing I-O psychologists
• Know what you can do with an I-O major
• Describe the problems faced by I-O psychologists
Schultz & Schultz 10e 3
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
Why Do We Work?
• Is it just about the money?
• What else is there?
• Personal satisfaction, fulfillment, and pride of
accomplishment
• Emotional security, self-esteem, and
contentment
• Identity and status, friendships and
belonging
Schultz & Schultz 10e 4
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
What is I-O Psychology?
• The application of the methods, facts, and
principles of psychology to people at work
• It is a SCIENCE
• Deals with observable behavior
• Behaviors reflect underlying psychological
processes
• Empirical in its approach to research
• Objective in its methods and results
Schultz & Schultz 10e 5
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
Open Mouth…
Schultz & Schultz 10e 6
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
I-O Topics
I-O
Psychology
Human Resources
Development
Organizational
Psychology
Workplace
Characteristics
Engineering
Psychology
Consumer
Psychology
Selection
Testing
Performance appraisal
Training &
development
Leadership
Motivation, satisfaction,
involvement
Organization
Working conditions
Safety, violence, &
health
Stress
Schultz & Schultz 10e 7
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
I-O Research Methods
• Observe the behavior of employees on
the job under well-controlled and
systematic conditions
• Record behavioral responses
• Vary the conditions and measure
resulting changes
• Look, listen, measure, and record
according to scientific method
Schultz & Schultz 10e 8
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
Pioneers in I-O
• Walter Dill Scott (1869-1955)
• First to apply psychology to advertising, employee
selection, & management
• Wrote Theory and Practice of Advertising (1903)
• Formed first Industrial Psychology consulting company
(1919)
• Hugo Munsterberg (1863-1916)
• Wrote The Psychology of Industrial Efficiency (1913)
• Goal of improving worker efficiency
• Used tests to measure skills and match workers to jobs
• Conducted research in the workplace
• Wrongfully accused of being a German spy in WWI
Schultz & Schultz 10e 9
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
Psychological Testing in WWI
• WWI marked the emergence of I-O psychology
as an important discipline
• Testing
• Army Alpha
• for recruits who could read & write English
• Army Beta
• for recruits who couldn’t read or speak English
• Personal Data Sheet
• to detect neurotic tendencies
• Officer & pilot selection tests
Schultz & Schultz 10e 10
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
The Hawthorne Studies
• Western Electric Co. Hawthorne Works
• Headed by Elton Mayo of Harvard’s Dept. of Industrial Research
• Long-term study conducted between 1929 and 1932
• Studied effects of work environment on employee efficiency
• Findings:
• Social and psychological factors in the work environment had the
potential to effect organizational outcomes as much or more than
physical factors
• Opened up new areas of research
• Leadership, informal groups, attitudes, communications,
motivation, satisfaction
• Criticized for lack of scientific rigor
Schultz & Schultz 10e 11
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
WWII & Engineering Psychology
• More than 2000 psychologists contributed to the
war effort
• Focused on testing, classifying and training millions
of recruits
• Complex weapons sparked engineering psychology
• human abilities and limitations
• equipment design
• work-place design
• Increased stature of I-O to Government and
Business
Schultz & Schultz 10e 12
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
Contemporary I-O
• Concern with organizational issues
• Human relations
• Leadership
• Motivation
• Job satisfaction
• Organizational structure and climate
• Decision making
Schultz & Schultz 10e 13
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
Challenges for I-O Psychology
• Virtual workplace and workers
• Contingent or temporary workers
• Worker involvement
• Technological advances
• Worker literacy
• Globalization
• Increasing demographic diversity
• Generational differences in values
Schultz & Schultz 10e 14
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
Generational Differences
• Different generations with different
expectations and needs occupy same
workplace
• The Silent Generation – 1922 to 1945
• Baby Boomers – 1946 to 1964
• Generation X – 1965 to 1979
• Generation Y – 1980 to around 1995
Schultz & Schultz 10e 15
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
Marketable I-O Skills
• Psychological testing, survey construction
and validation
• Human resources selection and
placement
• Performance appraisal
• Fair employment practices
• Employee training
Schultz & Schultz 10e 16
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
Jobs for I-O Psychologists
• Human Resources Professional
• Market Research
• Assessment Centers
• Manager of Psychological Services
• Organizational Planning and Development
• Training
• Academics
Schultz & Schultz 10e 17
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
Annual Pay for I-O Psychologists
2015
• Master’s Degree
• Median: US$85,000
• Starting pay: US$67,000
• PhD
• Median: US$119,000
• Starting pay: US$89,000
siop.org
Schultz & Schultz 10e 18
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
Problems Faced by I-O Psychologists
• Fraudulent practitioners
• Credentials and certification
• Communication with management
• Resistance to new ideas
• Research versus application?
Schultz & Schultz 10e 19
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
How Is The Text Organized?
Psychology &
Work Today
Practice of
I-O Psychology
Human Resources
Development
Organizational
Psychology
Workplace
Characteristics
Engineering
Psychology (13)
Consumer
Psychology (14)
Tools, tactics &
techniques
of Science (2)
Recruiting & selecting
employees (3 & 4)
Evaluating employee
performance (5)
Employee training
& development (6)
Organizational
leadership (7)
Motivation,
satisfaction, &
job involvement (8)
Organizational
psychology (9)
Working conditions
(10)
Safety, violence,
& health in the
workplace (11)
Stress in the
workplace (12)
Principles, practices
& problems (1)

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schultz10e_ch01.ppt

  • 1. Schultz & Schultz 10e 1 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved Psychology and Work Today This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program
  • 2. Schultz & Schultz 10e 2 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, you should be able to: • Describe Industrial-Organizational (I-O) psychology, what I-O psychologists do, and where they work • Outline the scope and history of I-O psychology • Understand how I-O psychologists conduct research • Identify the major areas of I-O psychology • Explain the contemporary challenges facing I-O psychologists • Know what you can do with an I-O major • Describe the problems faced by I-O psychologists
  • 3. Schultz & Schultz 10e 3 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved Why Do We Work? • Is it just about the money? • What else is there? • Personal satisfaction, fulfillment, and pride of accomplishment • Emotional security, self-esteem, and contentment • Identity and status, friendships and belonging
  • 4. Schultz & Schultz 10e 4 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved What is I-O Psychology? • The application of the methods, facts, and principles of psychology to people at work • It is a SCIENCE • Deals with observable behavior • Behaviors reflect underlying psychological processes • Empirical in its approach to research • Objective in its methods and results
  • 5. Schultz & Schultz 10e 5 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved Open Mouth…
  • 6. Schultz & Schultz 10e 6 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved I-O Topics I-O Psychology Human Resources Development Organizational Psychology Workplace Characteristics Engineering Psychology Consumer Psychology Selection Testing Performance appraisal Training & development Leadership Motivation, satisfaction, involvement Organization Working conditions Safety, violence, & health Stress
  • 7. Schultz & Schultz 10e 7 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved I-O Research Methods • Observe the behavior of employees on the job under well-controlled and systematic conditions • Record behavioral responses • Vary the conditions and measure resulting changes • Look, listen, measure, and record according to scientific method
  • 8. Schultz & Schultz 10e 8 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved Pioneers in I-O • Walter Dill Scott (1869-1955) • First to apply psychology to advertising, employee selection, & management • Wrote Theory and Practice of Advertising (1903) • Formed first Industrial Psychology consulting company (1919) • Hugo Munsterberg (1863-1916) • Wrote The Psychology of Industrial Efficiency (1913) • Goal of improving worker efficiency • Used tests to measure skills and match workers to jobs • Conducted research in the workplace • Wrongfully accused of being a German spy in WWI
  • 9. Schultz & Schultz 10e 9 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved Psychological Testing in WWI • WWI marked the emergence of I-O psychology as an important discipline • Testing • Army Alpha • for recruits who could read & write English • Army Beta • for recruits who couldn’t read or speak English • Personal Data Sheet • to detect neurotic tendencies • Officer & pilot selection tests
  • 10. Schultz & Schultz 10e 10 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved The Hawthorne Studies • Western Electric Co. Hawthorne Works • Headed by Elton Mayo of Harvard’s Dept. of Industrial Research • Long-term study conducted between 1929 and 1932 • Studied effects of work environment on employee efficiency • Findings: • Social and psychological factors in the work environment had the potential to effect organizational outcomes as much or more than physical factors • Opened up new areas of research • Leadership, informal groups, attitudes, communications, motivation, satisfaction • Criticized for lack of scientific rigor
  • 11. Schultz & Schultz 10e 11 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved WWII & Engineering Psychology • More than 2000 psychologists contributed to the war effort • Focused on testing, classifying and training millions of recruits • Complex weapons sparked engineering psychology • human abilities and limitations • equipment design • work-place design • Increased stature of I-O to Government and Business
  • 12. Schultz & Schultz 10e 12 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved Contemporary I-O • Concern with organizational issues • Human relations • Leadership • Motivation • Job satisfaction • Organizational structure and climate • Decision making
  • 13. Schultz & Schultz 10e 13 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved Challenges for I-O Psychology • Virtual workplace and workers • Contingent or temporary workers • Worker involvement • Technological advances • Worker literacy • Globalization • Increasing demographic diversity • Generational differences in values
  • 14. Schultz & Schultz 10e 14 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved Generational Differences • Different generations with different expectations and needs occupy same workplace • The Silent Generation – 1922 to 1945 • Baby Boomers – 1946 to 1964 • Generation X – 1965 to 1979 • Generation Y – 1980 to around 1995
  • 15. Schultz & Schultz 10e 15 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved Marketable I-O Skills • Psychological testing, survey construction and validation • Human resources selection and placement • Performance appraisal • Fair employment practices • Employee training
  • 16. Schultz & Schultz 10e 16 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved Jobs for I-O Psychologists • Human Resources Professional • Market Research • Assessment Centers • Manager of Psychological Services • Organizational Planning and Development • Training • Academics
  • 17. Schultz & Schultz 10e 17 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved Annual Pay for I-O Psychologists 2015 • Master’s Degree • Median: US$85,000 • Starting pay: US$67,000 • PhD • Median: US$119,000 • Starting pay: US$89,000 siop.org
  • 18. Schultz & Schultz 10e 18 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved Problems Faced by I-O Psychologists • Fraudulent practitioners • Credentials and certification • Communication with management • Resistance to new ideas • Research versus application?
  • 19. Schultz & Schultz 10e 19 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved How Is The Text Organized? Psychology & Work Today Practice of I-O Psychology Human Resources Development Organizational Psychology Workplace Characteristics Engineering Psychology (13) Consumer Psychology (14) Tools, tactics & techniques of Science (2) Recruiting & selecting employees (3 & 4) Evaluating employee performance (5) Employee training & development (6) Organizational leadership (7) Motivation, satisfaction, & job involvement (8) Organizational psychology (9) Working conditions (10) Safety, violence, & health in the workplace (11) Stress in the workplace (12) Principles, practices & problems (1)