The document discusses rationalism and empiricism as two influential schools of thought in philosophy. Rationalism believes that truth and knowledge can be obtained through reason alone, while empiricism holds that all knowledge comes from sensory experience. Specifically, it notes that rationalism sees reason as the highest source of knowledge, while empiricism claims that all ideas are derived from experience. The document also provides examples of prominent rationalist and empiricist philosophers, such as Descartes and Locke, and their key ideas. It outlines objectives and activities for students to evaluate different philosophical perspectives.