- The NIH has programs to promote diversity in the biomedical research workforce since the 1970s. However, representation of women and underrepresented racial and ethnic groups remains low.
- Success rates for NIH R01 grants, an important source of research funding, are significantly lower for Black, Hispanic, and Asian applicants compared to white applicants. These differences remain even after controlling for other variables like education, training, and research experience.
- More research is needed to understand and address ongoing disparities in representation and outcomes in the biomedical research workforce. The NIH is exploring strategies like mentoring and assessing potential bias in peer review to promote greater diversity and inclusion.
This document summarizes a presentation on redistricting in Wisconsin. It discusses the state's population changes between 2000 and 2010, with increases among all minority groups. It also reviews the history of redistricting in Wisconsin and outlines a research question comparing the concentration of racial/ethnic groups within legislative districts between 2001 and 2011. The results show that while the percentage of minority populations increased in most districts, the counts of districts with a majority of specific minority groups also increased from 2000 to 2010.
The document discusses land ownership in the western United States. It shows that a majority of land is federally owned, ranging from over 50% in some states to less than 10% in others. Federal agencies like the Bureau of Land Management and Forest Service manage large portions of federal land for multiple uses like conservation, recreation, energy development, and forestry. The distribution of public, private, tribal, and other lands varies significantly across states and ecoregions in the West.
The document lists four Funding Opportunity Announcements (FOAs) available at the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) related to women's health issues: (1) effects of maternal nutrition and pre-pregnancy obesity on mothers, infants, and children; (2) etiology, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome; (3) pregnancy in women with disabilities; and (4) etiology and pathophysiology of sleep disordered breathing in pregnancy. The FOAs are presented by Patricia A. Grady, Director of NINR.
The document provides an overview of strategies for writing a successful grant application, including developing specific aims first, securing appropriate technical assistance, approaching a statistician early, and using graphics to communicate information concisely to reviewers. It emphasizes working out the logic of the study before writing and discussing components like the theoretical model, preliminary research, and literature review.
1. The document discusses the history and evolution of drug discovery approaches, contrasting early genomic and target-based methods with more recent phenotypic screening.
2. It notes that phenotypic screening has proven more successful in discovering first-in-class drugs compared to target-based approaches.
3. The document examines networks of drug structures and biological targets, finding they differ significantly, suggesting conservation of certain chemical motifs regardless of target similarity.
Here are my recommendations for the 56 year old woman with subclinical hypothyroidism:
1. Her diagnosis is subclinical hypothyroidism based on an elevated TSH of 7.1 and normal free T4.
2. Given her age (56), fatigue, and 3-4 lb weight gain, I would recommend a trial of levothyroxine therapy. Treatment is reasonable for patients with TSH >10 or positive thyroid antibodies, which she does not have data for. However, treatment may modestly improve her lipids and symptoms.
3. She should be monitored every 6 months with TSH checks to ensure her TSH is maintained between 0.5-2.0 and that she does not
The document discusses cervical cancer screening guidelines and strategies, comparing the use of Pap tests, HPV tests, and primary HPV screening. It provides information on the epidemiology of HPV and progression to cervical cancer, as well as data from studies showing that primary HPV screening can detect more high-grade cervical lesions than cytology alone.
This document summarizes a presentation on redistricting in Wisconsin. It discusses the state's population changes between 2000 and 2010, with increases among all minority groups. It also reviews the history of redistricting in Wisconsin and outlines a research question comparing the concentration of racial/ethnic groups within legislative districts between 2001 and 2011. The results show that while the percentage of minority populations increased in most districts, the counts of districts with a majority of specific minority groups also increased from 2000 to 2010.
The document discusses land ownership in the western United States. It shows that a majority of land is federally owned, ranging from over 50% in some states to less than 10% in others. Federal agencies like the Bureau of Land Management and Forest Service manage large portions of federal land for multiple uses like conservation, recreation, energy development, and forestry. The distribution of public, private, tribal, and other lands varies significantly across states and ecoregions in the West.
The document lists four Funding Opportunity Announcements (FOAs) available at the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) related to women's health issues: (1) effects of maternal nutrition and pre-pregnancy obesity on mothers, infants, and children; (2) etiology, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome; (3) pregnancy in women with disabilities; and (4) etiology and pathophysiology of sleep disordered breathing in pregnancy. The FOAs are presented by Patricia A. Grady, Director of NINR.
The document provides an overview of strategies for writing a successful grant application, including developing specific aims first, securing appropriate technical assistance, approaching a statistician early, and using graphics to communicate information concisely to reviewers. It emphasizes working out the logic of the study before writing and discussing components like the theoretical model, preliminary research, and literature review.
1. The document discusses the history and evolution of drug discovery approaches, contrasting early genomic and target-based methods with more recent phenotypic screening.
2. It notes that phenotypic screening has proven more successful in discovering first-in-class drugs compared to target-based approaches.
3. The document examines networks of drug structures and biological targets, finding they differ significantly, suggesting conservation of certain chemical motifs regardless of target similarity.
Here are my recommendations for the 56 year old woman with subclinical hypothyroidism:
1. Her diagnosis is subclinical hypothyroidism based on an elevated TSH of 7.1 and normal free T4.
2. Given her age (56), fatigue, and 3-4 lb weight gain, I would recommend a trial of levothyroxine therapy. Treatment is reasonable for patients with TSH >10 or positive thyroid antibodies, which she does not have data for. However, treatment may modestly improve her lipids and symptoms.
3. She should be monitored every 6 months with TSH checks to ensure her TSH is maintained between 0.5-2.0 and that she does not
The document discusses cervical cancer screening guidelines and strategies, comparing the use of Pap tests, HPV tests, and primary HPV screening. It provides information on the epidemiology of HPV and progression to cervical cancer, as well as data from studies showing that primary HPV screening can detect more high-grade cervical lesions than cytology alone.
This document discusses research on ethnic minority representation in law studies in the UK. It finds that students of Indian and Pakistani origin had the highest representation among ethnic minority law students in 2007-2008 at 6.0% and 5.8%, respectively. Overall, ethnic minority representation in law was 27.4% compared to 68.6% of white students. All ethnic minority groups had greater representation in law compared to all other subjects of study.
Impact of Health Reform on Racial and Ethnic Inequitiesmasscare
This document discusses how health reform in Massachusetts from 2006 to 2009 impacted racial and ethnic inequities in health insurance coverage, access to care, and health outcomes. It finds that while absolute disparities in uninsurance rates declined for minorities after reform, relative disparities increased. The reform reduced disparities in access to regular care sources but disparities in certain medical procedures like PCIs and CABG either remained unchanged or increased for non-white groups compared to whites. Overall, the reform had mixed effects on reducing racial and ethnic inequities in health and healthcare.
My presentation for HACU Conference 10/2012. This reflects data for the state, county, city and campus as well as the feeders high schools and immediate district surrounding San Antonio College.
LSCC serves over 4,878 students each fall, most of whom are female (62.4%) and enrolled part-time (66.3%). The majority of students are white (66.7%) and between the ages of 18-24 (72.5%). Projections show that the full-time equivalent enrollment is expected to increase from 3,543 in 2011-2012 to 5,239 by 2016-2017. In 2009-2010, LSCC awarded 725 total degrees and certificates, with the largest shares being vocational/college credit certificates (12%) and Associate of Arts degrees (68%).
Pathways to Success in a NACME PartnershipNAFCareerAcads
The document discusses NACME's mission to increase diversity in STEM fields by supporting African American, American Indian, and Latino students. It outlines NACME's goals of achieving workforce parity and connecting students along a continuum from high school programs to universities to careers. Survey results found that over half of NACME scholars planned to pursue a master's degree in engineering, many had internship experience, and about a third had attended community college.
The 2012 Virginia Rural Health Action Conference presentation summarized key findings from Virginia's 2012 Health Equity Report. The report found health inequities between racial groups in mortality, life expectancy, HIV, and infant outcomes. These inequities are linked to social determinants of health like socioeconomic status, discrimination, education, and neighborhood conditions. The report introduced the Health Opportunity Index to measure access to health-promoting social conditions and made recommendations to promote health equity, such as improving access to affordable housing, jobs, and environmental health.
This document profiles Minnesota's uninsured population and informs outreach for Medicaid expansion and Affordable Care Act subsidies. It finds that:
1) Nearly half a million Minnesotans lack insurance, including many younger, lower-income, and non-white residents.
2) Outreach should target the large number of potentially Medicaid-eligible Latinos and subsidy-eligible African Americans.
3) While most uninsured want coverage, many do not know how to enroll or find the process too difficult. Simplifying enrollment may improve take-up of new options.
HIV/AIDS in the United States: Epidemiology and an Overview of High-Impact Prevention Measures
By Melody Lehosit, Kaplan University School of Health Sciences
A presentation for National Public Health Week.
The document analyzes data on the racial and ethnic diversity of full-time faculty at Rutgers University between 1997-1998 and 2010-2011. It finds that while the percentage of white full-time faculty decreased at each campus over this period, they still comprised around two-thirds to three-quarters of faculty in 2010-2011. Latino representation among full-time faculty remained low, between 1.8-3.1% across campuses. In 2010-2011, the racial/ethnic diversity of the student body was higher than that of full-time faculty.
HIV/AIDS: The State of the Epidemic After 3 Decades. JAMA, July 25, 2012KFF
Global estimates show that the number of people living with HIV/AIDS has increased from 8 million in 1990 to 34 million in 2011. The United States provides over half of total international AIDS assistance funding at $4.5 billion in 2011, followed by the United Kingdom and France. HIV diagnosis rates in the US are highest among blacks/African Americans at over 68 per 100,000 compared to whites at under 7 per 100,000. It is estimated that over 1.2 million people in the US are living with HIV/AIDS, but only half are receiving regular care and 18% are unaware of their infection status.
This document discusses health inequities in the United States driven by gender, race, socioeconomic factors and the environment. It analyzes HIV prevalence, risk behaviors, and service utilization data from various sources to assess health inequities among populations in greatest need. Specific data on the District of Columbia shows HIV prevalence is highest among black males, and linkage to and retention in care varies by race.
The webinar will cover Medicaid and health reform, including health insurance exchanges, essential health benefits, and opposition actions. It will provide an overview of Medicaid, why it is a top issue for states in 2012, and 4 things for states to consider as they address Medicaid issues. Enrollment has increased due to the recession and the ACA's 2014 expansion qualifies more people, increasing costs significantly for states.
The document provides a profile and analysis of the uninsured population in Minnesota based on data from the 2011 Minnesota Health Access Survey in order to inform outreach for Medicaid expansion and health insurance subsidies under the Affordable Care Act. Key findings include:
- In 2011, 489,000 or 9.1% of Minnesotans lacked health insurance.
- Those most likely to be uninsured included individuals ages 26-34, those with lower education/income, Hispanics/Latinos, and foreign-born residents.
- Nearly half of the Medicaid-eligible population was already covered by public insurance programs, while most in the subsidy-eligible group had employer-sponsored insurance.
Kharfen: DC HIV Public-Private Partnershipshealthhiv
Michael Kharfen
Bureau Chief, Partnerships, Capacity Building, Community Outreach
DC Department of Health
HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD and TB Administration
This document provides an overview of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) for clinicians. It discusses the most common bacterial, viral and parasitic STIs including their epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment recommendations. Screening and prevention strategies are also reviewed, including behavioral counseling, vaccination, condom use and expedited partner therapy. The impacts of STIs on women's reproductive health are highlighted.
This document discusses the differential diagnosis and management of vulvovaginal disorders. It begins by categorizing common conditions into infections (trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis), skin conditions (fungal vulvitis, contact dermatitis, vulvar dermatoses), and psychogenic causes. It then provides detailed guidelines on evaluating, diagnosing, and treating specific infections like trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, and vulvovaginal candidiasis. It also reviews vulvar conditions like lichen sclerosus, contact dermatitis, and classifications of vulvar dermatoses.
This document provides information about migraine in women. Some key points:
- Migraine is 3 times more common in women than men. Hormonally-associated migraines affect 12 million women in the US.
- Migraines are often associated with changes in hormone levels, such as during menstruation, pregnancy, use of oral contraceptives, and menopause.
- Diagnosis of migraine involves evaluating symptoms such as headache duration/intensity, nausea, light/sound sensitivity, visual/sensory disturbances (aura).
- Treatment involves both acute symptomatic relief and preventive medications, though choices are more limited during pregnancy/breastfeeding due to safety.
This document discusses 5 case studies involving GI disorders in women. The first case involves a 32-year-old woman with 5 years of diarrhea and abdominal pain. The next best step is reassurance without further testing, as her symptoms are consistent with irritable bowel syndrome. The second case involves a 38-year-old woman with vomiting after gastric bypass surgery, where an internal hernia is the most likely cause. The third case involves a pregnant woman referred for irritable bowel syndrome, where testing her for celiac disease is the next best step. The fourth case involves constipation, where pelvic floor dysfunction is the most likely diagnosis given her exam findings. The fifth case involves a 58-year-old woman with diarrhea
The document announces the Women's Health 2012 Congress hosted by the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health. It will feature scientific poster awards for Women's Health and Sex Differences Research. The congress focuses on women's health issues and research.
The document discusses how the Affordable Care Act (ACA) aims to improve access to preventive health services for women by requiring new health plans to cover recommended preventive services without cost sharing. This includes services for cancer screening, chronic disease prevention and management, vaccinations, healthy behaviors counseling, pregnancy-related care, and reproductive health services. The new rules apply to new private health plans starting in 2010 and 2012, with some exemptions for grandfathered and religious plans. Implementation will consider factors like network restrictions, separate billing for visits and services, and ensuring adequate provider training and capacity.
The document summarizes the charge given by the Institute of Medicine to convene a committee of experts to review women's preventive health services and identify gaps. The committee was tasked with recommending services to be included in comprehensive national guidelines. After reviewing evidence, the committee made 8 recommendations, including screening for gestational diabetes, HPV testing, counseling on STIs and HIV, contraception services, lactation support, interpersonal violence screening, and annual well-woman visits.
This document summarizes key aspects of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and how it benefits women's health and preventive care. It discusses how the ACA expands insurance coverage to over 34 million Americans, strengthens consumer protections, and requires insurers to cover preventive services for women at no additional cost. Specifically, it outlines services that must be covered for pregnant women, various cancer and disease screenings, counseling services, contraception and sterilization coverage, lactation support, and violence screening. It also notes that some existing "grandfathered" health plans are exempt from some ACA requirements but still must cover certain new benefits.
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Similar to Schaffer women's health congress 2012 draft 4 mar 2012
This document discusses research on ethnic minority representation in law studies in the UK. It finds that students of Indian and Pakistani origin had the highest representation among ethnic minority law students in 2007-2008 at 6.0% and 5.8%, respectively. Overall, ethnic minority representation in law was 27.4% compared to 68.6% of white students. All ethnic minority groups had greater representation in law compared to all other subjects of study.
Impact of Health Reform on Racial and Ethnic Inequitiesmasscare
This document discusses how health reform in Massachusetts from 2006 to 2009 impacted racial and ethnic inequities in health insurance coverage, access to care, and health outcomes. It finds that while absolute disparities in uninsurance rates declined for minorities after reform, relative disparities increased. The reform reduced disparities in access to regular care sources but disparities in certain medical procedures like PCIs and CABG either remained unchanged or increased for non-white groups compared to whites. Overall, the reform had mixed effects on reducing racial and ethnic inequities in health and healthcare.
My presentation for HACU Conference 10/2012. This reflects data for the state, county, city and campus as well as the feeders high schools and immediate district surrounding San Antonio College.
LSCC serves over 4,878 students each fall, most of whom are female (62.4%) and enrolled part-time (66.3%). The majority of students are white (66.7%) and between the ages of 18-24 (72.5%). Projections show that the full-time equivalent enrollment is expected to increase from 3,543 in 2011-2012 to 5,239 by 2016-2017. In 2009-2010, LSCC awarded 725 total degrees and certificates, with the largest shares being vocational/college credit certificates (12%) and Associate of Arts degrees (68%).
Pathways to Success in a NACME PartnershipNAFCareerAcads
The document discusses NACME's mission to increase diversity in STEM fields by supporting African American, American Indian, and Latino students. It outlines NACME's goals of achieving workforce parity and connecting students along a continuum from high school programs to universities to careers. Survey results found that over half of NACME scholars planned to pursue a master's degree in engineering, many had internship experience, and about a third had attended community college.
The 2012 Virginia Rural Health Action Conference presentation summarized key findings from Virginia's 2012 Health Equity Report. The report found health inequities between racial groups in mortality, life expectancy, HIV, and infant outcomes. These inequities are linked to social determinants of health like socioeconomic status, discrimination, education, and neighborhood conditions. The report introduced the Health Opportunity Index to measure access to health-promoting social conditions and made recommendations to promote health equity, such as improving access to affordable housing, jobs, and environmental health.
This document profiles Minnesota's uninsured population and informs outreach for Medicaid expansion and Affordable Care Act subsidies. It finds that:
1) Nearly half a million Minnesotans lack insurance, including many younger, lower-income, and non-white residents.
2) Outreach should target the large number of potentially Medicaid-eligible Latinos and subsidy-eligible African Americans.
3) While most uninsured want coverage, many do not know how to enroll or find the process too difficult. Simplifying enrollment may improve take-up of new options.
HIV/AIDS in the United States: Epidemiology and an Overview of High-Impact Prevention Measures
By Melody Lehosit, Kaplan University School of Health Sciences
A presentation for National Public Health Week.
The document analyzes data on the racial and ethnic diversity of full-time faculty at Rutgers University between 1997-1998 and 2010-2011. It finds that while the percentage of white full-time faculty decreased at each campus over this period, they still comprised around two-thirds to three-quarters of faculty in 2010-2011. Latino representation among full-time faculty remained low, between 1.8-3.1% across campuses. In 2010-2011, the racial/ethnic diversity of the student body was higher than that of full-time faculty.
HIV/AIDS: The State of the Epidemic After 3 Decades. JAMA, July 25, 2012KFF
Global estimates show that the number of people living with HIV/AIDS has increased from 8 million in 1990 to 34 million in 2011. The United States provides over half of total international AIDS assistance funding at $4.5 billion in 2011, followed by the United Kingdom and France. HIV diagnosis rates in the US are highest among blacks/African Americans at over 68 per 100,000 compared to whites at under 7 per 100,000. It is estimated that over 1.2 million people in the US are living with HIV/AIDS, but only half are receiving regular care and 18% are unaware of their infection status.
This document discusses health inequities in the United States driven by gender, race, socioeconomic factors and the environment. It analyzes HIV prevalence, risk behaviors, and service utilization data from various sources to assess health inequities among populations in greatest need. Specific data on the District of Columbia shows HIV prevalence is highest among black males, and linkage to and retention in care varies by race.
The webinar will cover Medicaid and health reform, including health insurance exchanges, essential health benefits, and opposition actions. It will provide an overview of Medicaid, why it is a top issue for states in 2012, and 4 things for states to consider as they address Medicaid issues. Enrollment has increased due to the recession and the ACA's 2014 expansion qualifies more people, increasing costs significantly for states.
The document provides a profile and analysis of the uninsured population in Minnesota based on data from the 2011 Minnesota Health Access Survey in order to inform outreach for Medicaid expansion and health insurance subsidies under the Affordable Care Act. Key findings include:
- In 2011, 489,000 or 9.1% of Minnesotans lacked health insurance.
- Those most likely to be uninsured included individuals ages 26-34, those with lower education/income, Hispanics/Latinos, and foreign-born residents.
- Nearly half of the Medicaid-eligible population was already covered by public insurance programs, while most in the subsidy-eligible group had employer-sponsored insurance.
Kharfen: DC HIV Public-Private Partnershipshealthhiv
Michael Kharfen
Bureau Chief, Partnerships, Capacity Building, Community Outreach
DC Department of Health
HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD and TB Administration
Similar to Schaffer women's health congress 2012 draft 4 mar 2012 (14)
This document provides an overview of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) for clinicians. It discusses the most common bacterial, viral and parasitic STIs including their epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment recommendations. Screening and prevention strategies are also reviewed, including behavioral counseling, vaccination, condom use and expedited partner therapy. The impacts of STIs on women's reproductive health are highlighted.
This document discusses the differential diagnosis and management of vulvovaginal disorders. It begins by categorizing common conditions into infections (trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis), skin conditions (fungal vulvitis, contact dermatitis, vulvar dermatoses), and psychogenic causes. It then provides detailed guidelines on evaluating, diagnosing, and treating specific infections like trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, and vulvovaginal candidiasis. It also reviews vulvar conditions like lichen sclerosus, contact dermatitis, and classifications of vulvar dermatoses.
This document provides information about migraine in women. Some key points:
- Migraine is 3 times more common in women than men. Hormonally-associated migraines affect 12 million women in the US.
- Migraines are often associated with changes in hormone levels, such as during menstruation, pregnancy, use of oral contraceptives, and menopause.
- Diagnosis of migraine involves evaluating symptoms such as headache duration/intensity, nausea, light/sound sensitivity, visual/sensory disturbances (aura).
- Treatment involves both acute symptomatic relief and preventive medications, though choices are more limited during pregnancy/breastfeeding due to safety.
This document discusses 5 case studies involving GI disorders in women. The first case involves a 32-year-old woman with 5 years of diarrhea and abdominal pain. The next best step is reassurance without further testing, as her symptoms are consistent with irritable bowel syndrome. The second case involves a 38-year-old woman with vomiting after gastric bypass surgery, where an internal hernia is the most likely cause. The third case involves a pregnant woman referred for irritable bowel syndrome, where testing her for celiac disease is the next best step. The fourth case involves constipation, where pelvic floor dysfunction is the most likely diagnosis given her exam findings. The fifth case involves a 58-year-old woman with diarrhea
The document announces the Women's Health 2012 Congress hosted by the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health. It will feature scientific poster awards for Women's Health and Sex Differences Research. The congress focuses on women's health issues and research.
The document discusses how the Affordable Care Act (ACA) aims to improve access to preventive health services for women by requiring new health plans to cover recommended preventive services without cost sharing. This includes services for cancer screening, chronic disease prevention and management, vaccinations, healthy behaviors counseling, pregnancy-related care, and reproductive health services. The new rules apply to new private health plans starting in 2010 and 2012, with some exemptions for grandfathered and religious plans. Implementation will consider factors like network restrictions, separate billing for visits and services, and ensuring adequate provider training and capacity.
The document summarizes the charge given by the Institute of Medicine to convene a committee of experts to review women's preventive health services and identify gaps. The committee was tasked with recommending services to be included in comprehensive national guidelines. After reviewing evidence, the committee made 8 recommendations, including screening for gestational diabetes, HPV testing, counseling on STIs and HIV, contraception services, lactation support, interpersonal violence screening, and annual well-woman visits.
This document summarizes key aspects of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and how it benefits women's health and preventive care. It discusses how the ACA expands insurance coverage to over 34 million Americans, strengthens consumer protections, and requires insurers to cover preventive services for women at no additional cost. Specifically, it outlines services that must be covered for pregnant women, various cancer and disease screenings, counseling services, contraception and sterilization coverage, lactation support, and violence screening. It also notes that some existing "grandfathered" health plans are exempt from some ACA requirements but still must cover certain new benefits.
Dr. Iglesia has no conflicts of interest to disclose. The objectives of the document are to develop effective treatment plans, communicate treatment goals, minimize medication side effects, and describe new therapies for overactive bladder in women. Overactive bladder affects millions of Americans, especially women, and prevalence increases with age. New therapies aim to change stereotypes about overactive bladder and provide realistic information about prevalence and severity. Behavioral interventions like pelvic floor exercises and bladder training can be effective treatment approaches.
The document discusses depression in women and improving outcomes. Major depression has a significant public health impact and is the leading cause of disability among women worldwide. Women experience depression rates 1.5-2.5 times higher than men ages 15-54. Key ways to improve outcomes include considering differential diagnoses, treating to remission, measuring symptom improvement, using evidence-based interventions personalized to the individual woman, and providing self-help resources.
This document discusses strategies for managing obesity in women. It notes that obesity is influenced by multiple factors including genetics, environment, diet, physical activity, and life events. Key life events that can influence weight gain include pregnancy, menopause, and aging. Maternal obesity increases health risks for both mother and child during pregnancy and the child's future obesity risk. Abdominal obesity, as measured by waist circumference, is a better predictor of health risks than BMI alone. Managing obesity requires addressing its underlying causes through lifestyle changes.
This document is an in memoriam for Trudy L Bush, a professor of epidemiology and preventive medicine at the University of Maryland who passed away in 2001. It summarizes her landmark research on the effects of hormones on various body systems, her trailblazing leadership in the field of women's health, and her tireless commitment to medical education relating to women's health and menopause. The document honors her memory with an annual lecture series.
Evidence based management of cardiovascular disease in women plmiami
1. Evidence Based Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Women discusses the leading causes of death in Americans and how cardiovascular disease is the number one killer of women.
2. The document reviews gender differences in atherosclerosis, such as plaque erosion being more common in women than plaque rupture seen in men, making diagnosis of cardiovascular disease more difficult in women.
3. Prevention strategies discussed include reducing atherosclerosis, preventing plaque rupture and erosion, limiting thrombosis, and recognizing the presence of cardiovascular disease in women.
This document discusses care of cancer survivors and outlines the following key points in 3 sentences:
1) Approximately 3% of the population are cancer survivors, with many being elderly and having multiple comorbidities. 2) Both cancer-related and general medical needs must be addressed in cancer survivors, including surveillance for recurrence, late effects of treatment, and new primary cancers as well as screening and management of comorbidities. 3) The role of primary care physicians in providing ongoing care for cancer survivors along with survivorship care plans is reviewed.
This document discusses factors that influence peak bone mass attained during adolescence and young adulthood. It notes that genetics account for 80% of variability in peak bone mass, and lists several genes associated with bone mineral density and fracture risk. Nutrition, physical activity, body composition, endocrine status like age of menarche, and use of birth control also impact peak bone mass. Regular weight-bearing exercise and adequate calcium, vitamin D, and protein intake during growth can help increase bone mass accrual and attain a higher peak.
This document summarizes best practices in lesbian health based on a presentation by Dr. Patricia Robertson. It finds that lesbians have higher rates of smoking, childhood abuse, obesity, and certain STIs. They have lower rates of Pap smears and mammograms due to cost and prior adverse experiences. The document recommends screening lesbians appropriately, discussing family planning options, ensuring legal protections for partners, and advocating for lesbian health in the community. Providers should encourage disclosure of sexual orientation to provide culturally competent care.
Lee P. Shulman is the Anna Ross Lapham Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Chief of the Division of Clinical Genetics at Northwestern University. He discloses advisory roles and speaking engagements with several genetic testing companies. His research focuses on inherited cancer risk assessment and genetic testing for hereditary cancer syndromes. He provides an overview of the genetics of cancer including tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, as well as specific hereditary cancer syndromes like BRCA1/2, Lynch syndrome, and Cowden syndrome that increase cancer risk, especially for women's cancers.
This document summarizes evidence-based care of women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It discusses that RA is a chronic inflammatory disorder that principally affects the synovial joints. It is characterized by a proliferative response in the synovium leading to bone and cartilage destruction. The document reviews who is affected by RA, common articular features, characteristic deformities, and extra-articular manifestations. It also discusses the natural history of RA and whether there are any gender differences. Current management approaches from 2012 are presented, including early diagnosis, prompt initiation of traditional DMARDs, and appropriate use of biological DMARDs.
This document discusses gender differences in substance abuse. It finds that while males have higher rates of substance use, females are at least as vulnerable to substance abuse and may become dependent more rapidly if given the opportunity. Specifically, females are more likely than males to become dependent on sedatives, anxiolytics, and opioids. Animal studies also show females self-administer more of several substances and acquire drug conditioning faster. Overall, the document suggests the vulnerability to substance abuse is similar between males and females.
The document summarizes a presentation on complementary medicine in women's health. It defines complementary medicine as practices not generally considered conventional medicine and provides examples like acupuncture, yoga, and herbal products. It then reviews National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine research on topics including menopause, soy supplements, and mind-body therapies for hot flashes. In conclusion, it acknowledges contributions to national surveys on complementary and alternative medicine use.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s PerspectiveGolden Helix
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort.
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdfRahul Sen
Time-lapse embryo monitoring is an advanced imaging technique used in IVF to continuously observe embryo development. It captures high-resolution images at regular intervals, allowing embryologists to select the most viable embryos for transfer based on detailed growth patterns. This technology enhances embryo selection, potentially increasing pregnancy success rates.
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7shruti jagirdar
Unit 4: MRA 103T Regulatory affairs
This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
likely to have significant use in the elderly, either because the disease intended
to be treated is characteristically a disease of aging ( e.g., Alzheimer's disease) or
because the population to be treated is known to include substantial numbers of
geriatric patients (e.g., hypertension).
The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.Gokuldas Hospital
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
Schaffer women's health congress 2012 draft 4 mar 2012
1. WOMEN’S HEALTH CONGRESS
March 15, 2012
Walter T. Schaffer, PhD
Senior Scientific Advisor for Extramural Research
National Institutes of Health
2. Importance of Workforce Diversity
• NIH Programs in place since the 70s, MARC, MBRS,
RCMI
• The NIH has an unique and compelling need to
promote diversity in the biomedical, behavioral, clinical
and social sciences research workforce.
– Involvement of the most talented researchers from all
groups in order to:
• improve the quality of the educational and training environment
• balance and broaden perspectives in setting research priorities
• improve the ability to recruit subjects from diverse backgrounds
into clinical research protocols
• improve the Nation's capacity to address and eliminate health
disparities.
3. Representation of Women, by NIH Award Mechanism
NIH RePort: http://report.nih.gov/nihdatabook/Default.aspx?catid=15
4. R01-Equivalent Grants: Success rates, by the Reported Sex of the Applicant and
Type of Application
NIH Report: http://report.nih.gov/nihdatabook/Default.aspx?catid=15
5. Diversity of the NIH-Funded Workforce
NIH has had a less than impressive impact on the diversity of the NIH-
funded scientific workforce over the past 30+ years
0.1%
0.1%
6.6% Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
12.5% 0.7%
3.6% American Indian and Alaska Native 17.2%
Asian 4.1%
10.2% 0.1%
Black or African American
12.7%
White 62.9%
61.5% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
2.9%
Other, unknown, not reported and more than one race
2010 US Full-Time Medical School Faculty
2008 US Census Bureau Report
0.2%
3.4%
11.2%
0.4%
16.7%
71.9%
1.2%
2009 NIH Principal Investigators on RPGs
5
6. Participation of the Indicated Racial and Ethnic Groups as
Awardees on NIH Research Project Grants (FY 2000 - 2010)
20% Participation of the Indicated Racial and Ethnic Groups as Awardees
on NIH Research Project Grants (FY 2000 - 2010)
18%
16%
14%
Asian
12%
Black or African American
10% American Indian/Alaska Native
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific
8% Islander
Hispanic
6%
4%
2%
0%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
8. Career Transitions – Race/Ethnicity
Change in Percent Representation vs. Previous Milestone,
*significantly different from previous milestone p<0.05
10%
* *
8%
*
6% *
4%
*
2% White
* Black
0%
Hispanic
*
-2% Asian
* * *
* Native American
-4% *
*
*
-6%
*
-8%
College Graduate School Medical School Grad School to Medical School to
(1996) (2001) (2001) Asst Prof Asst Prof
(2006; SDR) (2006; SDR)
Diversity in Academic Biomedicine: An Evaluation of Education and Career Outcomes with Implications for
Policy, Donna K. Ginther, Walter T. Schaffer, Joshua Schnell, Beth Masimore, Faye Liu, Laurel L. Haak, Raynard S. Kington
, http://ssrn.com/abstract=1677993
9. Major Finding: Award Probability
There is a significant difference in R01 award
probability by race and ethnicity.
30%
Black or African
25%
‡ American
R01 Award Probability
Asian
20%
Hispanic
15% ‡
White
10%
Full Sample
5%
0%
* p<0.05, ** p<0.01, ‡ p<0.001
Race, Ethnicity, and NIH Research Awards Donna K. Ginther, Walter T. Schaffer, Joshua Schnell, Beth Masimore, Faye
Liu, Laurel L. Haak, Raynard Kington, Science 333: 1015, 2011
9
10. Success Rates by Field of Science and Race: Type 1 RPG
What are the Success Rate Trends in Basic Sciences by Race?
Type 1 RPG Applications
Fiscal Years 2000-2010
50.0%
45.0%
40.0%
35.0%
30.0%
Success Rate
Overall Success Rate*
25.0%
African American
20.0% Asian
White
15.0%
*Overall Success Rate
includes applications and
10.0% awards contributed by
American Indians and
Alasksa Natives, Native
5.0% Hawaiians and Other
Pacific Islanders, persons
reporting multiple
0.0% races, as well as those
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 whose race is unknown or
who choose to withhold
Fiscal Year their race.
11. Institutional Characteristics
40%
—
R01 Award Probability
30%
— — Asian
Black
—
20%
Hispanic
White
10%
Unknown
— Average
0%
Top 30 31-100 101-200 >201
• Award probabilities are correlated with NIH Funding Rank of
applicant’s institution.
• In each Rank group, Black applicants have the lowest award
probability.
Note: These results are from the full sample n = 106, 368
Race, Ethnicity, and NIH Research Awards Donna K. Ginther, Walter T. Schaffer, Joshua Schnell, Beth Masimore, Faye
11
Liu, Laurel L. Haak, Raynard Kington, Science 333: 1015, 2011
12. Future Efforts
• MDs, Medical Schools, and NIH R01 Awards, Donna K. Ginther, PhD, Laurel L.
Haak, PhD, Walter T. Schaffer, PhD, and Raynard Kington, MD, PhD, Submitted
to Academic Medicine
– Explores Racial/Ethnic Differences in Success for MD and MD/PhD Applicants
• Differences smaller than for PhDs
• Applicants that work in medical schools have better outcomes
• Extended Studies: Race, Ethnicity, and NIH Research Awards, Donna K.
Ginther, Walter T. Schaffer, Laurel L. Haak, Raynard Kington, in progress
– Explores Differences in Success for Applicants examining variables that were not
present in structured data
• Training
• Networks
• Activities of the Diversity Workgroup of the Directors Advisory Committee –
Chaired by Larry Tabak, Reed Tucson, and John Ruffin
– Use experimental techniques to assess the benefits of pre-application mentoring
– Use experimental techniques to determine possible contribution of bias in peer review
setting.
14. REGRESSION MODELS: VARIABLES
NIH R01 Applications FY2000-06
from PhDs (n=83,188)
MODEL 1: Demographic Characteristics: Gender, Race, Ethnicity, Age,
Foreign Born, Foreign PhD
MODEL 2: Education and Training: MODEL1 + Degree Type, Previous NIH
Training Support, PhD field, PhD Institution Funding Rank
MODEL 3: Institutional Characteristics. MODEL 2 + Employer Characteristics
(organization type), Employer Region, NIH Funding Rank,
Employer Carnegie Rank
MODEL 4: NIH Resources. MODEL 3 + NIH Institute, FY Funding, Human
Subjects, Prior Grants, Review Committee
MODEL 5: Research Record. MODEL 4 + Prior Publications, % Last Author
and Single Author Publications, Citations, Impact of
Publications
Applicants missing >1 demographic variable, such as race and gender, were excluded from the analysis.
Race, Ethnicity, and NIH Research Awards Donna K. Ginther, Walter T. Schaffer, Joshua Schnell, Beth Masimore, Faye
Liu, Laurel L. Haak, Raynard Kington, Science 333: 1015, 2011 14
15. MODEL COEFFICIENTS
PhD Sample
R01 Award Model
N %
Probability 1 2 3 4 5
White 58,124 69.9% 29.3%
Asian 13,481 16.2% 25.4%‡ -0.054‡ -0.054‡ -0.051‡ -0.040‡ -0.042‡
Black 1,149 1.4% 16.1%‡ -0.131‡ -0.131‡ -0.119‡ -0.110‡ -0.104‡
Hispanic 2,657 3.2% 28.1% -0.027* -0.027* -0.023 -0.014 -0.012
Unknown 7,637 9.2% 25.7%‡ -0.049‡ -0.044‡ -0.040‡ 0.012 0.016
* p<0.5, ** p<0.01, ‡ p<0.001, p-values corrected for multiple comparisons
Model 3 (Institution Characteristics) explains the difference in R01
award probability for Hispanic applicants.
Model 5 (Research Impact) explains 3 percentage points of the
difference for Black applicants.
None of the models explain the difference for Asian applicants.
Race, Ethnicity, and NIH Research Awards Donna K. Ginther, Walter T. Schaffer, Joshua Schnell, Beth Masimore, Faye
Liu, Laurel L. Haak, Raynard Kington, Science 333: 1015, 2011 15
Editor's Notes
Only includes applications reviewed by CSR standing study sections.The same pattern observed for applied and clinical sciences is observed for basic sciences.African Asian White Total American (includes all races)2000 15 368 1,722 2,307 2001 20 375 1,637 2,269 2002 19 411 1,613 2,264 2003 22 394 1,633 2,226 2004 38 741 2,719 3,875 2005 45 1,020 3,506 5,075 2006 70 1,363 4,312 6,483 2007 58 1,511 4,145 6,604 2008 56 1,485 3,643 6,058 2009 66 1,376 3,339 5,795 2010 68 1,711 4,080 7,151
Conducted by Discovery Logic and Kansas UniversityMultivariate regression models to investigate award probability differencesSample restricted to Type 1 R01 applications submitted by PhD applicants between FY2000-06. Related or revised submissions received within 2 years of the original application were collapsed into one grant application.Information about an application was derived from the last funded or unfunded application.