The document discusses land ownership in the western United States. It shows that a majority of land is federally owned, ranging from over 50% in some states to less than 10% in others. Federal agencies like the Bureau of Land Management and Forest Service manage large portions of federal land for multiple uses like conservation, recreation, energy development, and forestry. The distribution of public, private, tribal, and other lands varies significantly across states and ecoregions in the West.
Economic Crisis Affects American Well BeingTaly Weiss
The document summarizes findings from surveys by the American Psychological Association (APA) about stress levels among Americans in 2008. Key findings include: 1) Over 75% of Americans reported feeling significant stress about basic needs and the economy. 2) Women, millennials, and low-income Americans reported feeling the most stress. 3) Stress levels increased from 2007, with more Americans experiencing physical and emotional symptoms like fatigue, anger, and difficulty sleeping.
This document summarizes population trends and their impact on health services in South Eastman, Manitoba. It finds that South Eastman has experienced rapid population growth, increasing over 8 times the provincial rate since 1997. This growth is projected to continue through 2025, bringing significant challenges due to an aging population and increasing demand for services. Specifically, the region will require more acute care beds, personal care home beds, and physician services to meet the needs of a growing elderly segment. Overall, the substantial population increases are expected to profoundly impact the health service needs and funding requirements for South Eastman over the coming decades.
Schaffer women's health congress 2012 draft 4 mar 2012plmiami
- The NIH has programs to promote diversity in the biomedical research workforce since the 1970s. However, representation of women and underrepresented racial and ethnic groups remains low.
- Success rates for NIH R01 grants, an important source of research funding, are significantly lower for Black, Hispanic, and Asian applicants compared to white applicants. These differences remain even after controlling for other variables like education, training, and research experience.
- More research is needed to understand and address ongoing disparities in representation and outcomes in the biomedical research workforce. The NIH is exploring strategies like mentoring and assessing potential bias in peer review to promote greater diversity and inclusion.
The webinar will cover Medicaid and health reform, including health insurance exchanges, essential health benefits, and opposition actions. It will provide an overview of Medicaid, why it is a top issue for states in 2012, and 4 things for states to consider as they address Medicaid issues. Enrollment has increased due to the recession and the ACA's 2014 expansion qualifies more people, increasing costs significantly for states.
1) Strokes occur when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, causing brain cells to die rapidly over time.
2) Regional networks allow for over 1,000 stroke patients to be treated annually from over 80 regional hospitals via helicopter or ambulance.
3) Determining the exact time of onset, or "time last known well", is crucial for determining appropriate interventions, as certain treatments must be administered within a specific time window to be effective.
This document provides an overview of the impact of the recession on unemployment taxes. It begins with an agenda that includes reviewing national unemployment trends, federal unemployment tax law, an example of state-specific impacts, strategies for managing unemployment costs, and a question and answer section. The document then reviews key unemployment terms and statistics. It shows national unemployment rates rising dramatically from 2007 to 2010 along with large increases in initial unemployment claims. State unemployment trust funds have become insolvent as benefits increase during the recession.
Economic Crisis Affects American Well BeingTaly Weiss
The document summarizes findings from surveys by the American Psychological Association (APA) about stress levels among Americans in 2008. Key findings include: 1) Over 75% of Americans reported feeling significant stress about basic needs and the economy. 2) Women, millennials, and low-income Americans reported feeling the most stress. 3) Stress levels increased from 2007, with more Americans experiencing physical and emotional symptoms like fatigue, anger, and difficulty sleeping.
This document summarizes population trends and their impact on health services in South Eastman, Manitoba. It finds that South Eastman has experienced rapid population growth, increasing over 8 times the provincial rate since 1997. This growth is projected to continue through 2025, bringing significant challenges due to an aging population and increasing demand for services. Specifically, the region will require more acute care beds, personal care home beds, and physician services to meet the needs of a growing elderly segment. Overall, the substantial population increases are expected to profoundly impact the health service needs and funding requirements for South Eastman over the coming decades.
Schaffer women's health congress 2012 draft 4 mar 2012plmiami
- The NIH has programs to promote diversity in the biomedical research workforce since the 1970s. However, representation of women and underrepresented racial and ethnic groups remains low.
- Success rates for NIH R01 grants, an important source of research funding, are significantly lower for Black, Hispanic, and Asian applicants compared to white applicants. These differences remain even after controlling for other variables like education, training, and research experience.
- More research is needed to understand and address ongoing disparities in representation and outcomes in the biomedical research workforce. The NIH is exploring strategies like mentoring and assessing potential bias in peer review to promote greater diversity and inclusion.
The webinar will cover Medicaid and health reform, including health insurance exchanges, essential health benefits, and opposition actions. It will provide an overview of Medicaid, why it is a top issue for states in 2012, and 4 things for states to consider as they address Medicaid issues. Enrollment has increased due to the recession and the ACA's 2014 expansion qualifies more people, increasing costs significantly for states.
1) Strokes occur when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, causing brain cells to die rapidly over time.
2) Regional networks allow for over 1,000 stroke patients to be treated annually from over 80 regional hospitals via helicopter or ambulance.
3) Determining the exact time of onset, or "time last known well", is crucial for determining appropriate interventions, as certain treatments must be administered within a specific time window to be effective.
This document provides an overview of the impact of the recession on unemployment taxes. It begins with an agenda that includes reviewing national unemployment trends, federal unemployment tax law, an example of state-specific impacts, strategies for managing unemployment costs, and a question and answer section. The document then reviews key unemployment terms and statistics. It shows national unemployment rates rising dramatically from 2007 to 2010 along with large increases in initial unemployment claims. State unemployment trust funds have become insolvent as benefits increase during the recession.
This EcoWest presentation examines land-use patterns in the American West and explains how humans are impacting the landscape through population growth, energy development, and other activities. Learn more at EcoWest.org.
Utah's economy has rebounded strongly since the recession. Jobs reached pre-recession levels in 2012 and Utah has experienced steady job growth over the past year, with an average monthly growth rate of 2%. Utah has the 7th fastest growing economy nationally. Job growth has been strongest in natural resources, construction, manufacturing, information and professional/business services. At the local level, Duchesne County has seen the strongest job growth at 8% over the past year.
Igtm pre event golf survey by sports marketing survey - part IMS-Co
The survey found:
1) Spain was the most popular recent international golf destination at 17%, followed by Portugal at 13% and the United States at 7%.
2) 37% of respondents had not taken an international golf trip in the past 5 years.
3) When considering future destinations, recommendations from friends were most important to respondents, followed by golf magazines and online reviews/golf networks. Price, variety of courses, and golf being included in packages were also very important factors.
4) Economic factors like currency exchange rates and fuel costs have at least a little impact on most respondents' decisions to take an international golf trip.
The document discusses changes in humanitarian action over the last 10 years and trends to expect in the next 10 years. It notes that humanitarian assistance funding has increased while attacks on aid workers have also risen. Three major trends are identified: (1) humanitarian assistance is increasing but trust in humanitarianism is decreasing; (2) respect for universal principles is declining while nationalism and sovereignty are rising; (3) conflict-related crises are declining relatively while natural disasters are increasing. The importance of humanitarian principles is emphasized amid these challenges facing humanitarian action.
The keypad polling results from the second community visioning meeting on the Mystic Valley Parkway Green Line extension project showed that:
- Residents were most concerned about potential land acquisitions and neighborhood changes from commercial and residential property taking.
- Over half felt the presentation improved their understanding of how traffic and development may impact the area.
- Most believed people would use the new Green Line station for commuting, but some had concerns about increased traffic and parking issues.
- Opinions were mixed on whether the extension would overall positively or negatively impact the neighborhood.
Juab County is located in central Utah. Its population has grown 24% between 2000 and 2010 to 5,389 residents. Most residents live in the cities of Nephi, Levan, or Mona. The county's population is older than Utah's overall, with 13% over age 65 compared to 6% for the state. Educational attainment in Juab County is lower than Utah and the U.S., with only 27% of residents having a bachelor's degree or higher.
Ridgeview Elementary School's mission is to provide an academically challenging environment within a secure and encouraging community. The school enables students to pursue their ambitions and become contributing global citizens. Test results show that in 2011, 77% of students were proficient or advanced in reading/language arts, and 68% in math. 90% of 8th graders scored in the top half of the nation on an explorer test that year. Annual goals set a 4% increase target in reading and math proficiency rates for 3rd and 7th grades at the state, county, and school level through 2013.
85% of Americans use the internet and internet use increases with younger age groups. 66% of Americans have home broadband access which has doubled since 2000. Device ownership has seen a mobile revolution with more people owning smartphones and tablets than desktop computers. 2/3 of online adults use social media with nearly half using it on a typical day.
Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisorIpsos UK
Although the pattern of migration is away from the developing to the developed world, people everywhere see immigration increasing. …and they don’t seem to like it.
The document summarizes internet usage trends in Azerbaijan from 2004-2011 based on data from the Caucasus Barometer surveys. Some key findings are:
- Household PC and mobile phone ownership increased substantially over time, with mobile ownership reaching over 90% by 2011.
- However, internet usage rates lagged behind, with only about a quarter of Azerbaijanis using the internet by 2011. Daily internet use was still only around 7%.
- Major barriers to internet adoption and use included lack of awareness, age, education, poverty, rural residence, and lack of English skills. Rural areas, poorer populations, and those with less education were least likely to use the internet frequently.
Mobile technology has seen rapid adoption globally over the past decade. Smartphone usage in particular has accelerated, with over half of US mobile users projected to have smartphones by 2015. This shift has transformed consumer behavior and led to new forms of mobile commerce and payments. New York has emerged as a major technology hub, with over 300 digital startups founded in recent years. The city has a growing ecosystem of local and outside venture capital firms investing in mobile and digital companies. Entrepreneurs are advised to have a clear strategic plan, network widely, be realistic about valuation expectations, and choose funding partners carefully.
Education Equity in Asian Pacific Islander Communities in Oregon_APANO_
The document discusses achievement and opportunity gaps faced by Asian Pacific Islander (API) students in Multnomah County, Oregon. It shows that while API students score higher than average on math tests, there are still significant achievement gaps compared to white students. Additionally, educational attainment rates among APIs vary greatly depending on language and country of origin. The document suggests looking deeper into subgroup data to better understand challenges faced. In 3 sentences or less:
While API students score above average in math, there are still achievement gaps compared to white students. Educational attainment rates among APIs vary greatly depending on language and country of origin. The document argues for examining subgroup data to better understand challenges faced by different API communities.
California higher ed where is comes from and where it goesSally Hamilton
This document contains graphs showing the funding sources and expenditures for the University of California (UC), California Community Colleges (CCC), and California State University (CSU) systems from 1970 to 2010. The graphs show that for all three systems, the largest funding source was the general fund, though its percentage has decreased over time. For expenditures, the largest category for all systems was instruction/teaching.
2012 october 3 survey of tunisian public opinion, july 26 august 8, 2012Moez
This survey document summarizes the methodology and key findings of a survey of Tunisian public opinion conducted from July 26 to August 8, 2012. Over 1,265 face-to-face interviews were conducted across Tunisia's 24 governorates. The survey examined Tunisians' views on the country's direction, economic conditions, priorities for government, and the role and timeline of the National Constituent Assembly.
Want to learn how to create partnerships with local schools to help shape healthier and more safe communities? This presentation takes you step-by-step through the process of implementing a Shared Use campaign in your community to help keep schools open as centers of activity for families from all walks of life.
Symantec’s 2010 Global SMB Information Protection Survey found that small and midsized businesses (SMBs with 10 to 499 employees) are now making protecting their information their highest IT priority, as opposed to 15 months ago when a high percentage had failed to enact even the most basic safeguards. This shift makes sense as SMBs are facing increased threats from cyber attacks, lost devices and loss of confidential or proprietary data.
The document reviews public opinion on the economy and politics in 2012, finding that while perceptions of personal financial situations were optimistic, views of the national economy and government remained pessimistic. It also shows that while approval of Obama's job performance held steady, many expect continued economic difficulties in 2013 and have doubts about Washington's ability to make progress on important issues.
The document shows charts of China's total population and percentage of urban population from 1960 to 2028, with the total population increasing from around 600 million to over 1.4 billion and the percentage of urban population increasing from around 10% to over 70% over the same time period, indicating China has experienced rapid urbanization as hundreds of millions of people have moved to cities.
This EcoWest presentation examines land-use patterns in the American West and explains how humans are impacting the landscape through population growth, energy development, and other activities. Learn more at EcoWest.org.
Utah's economy has rebounded strongly since the recession. Jobs reached pre-recession levels in 2012 and Utah has experienced steady job growth over the past year, with an average monthly growth rate of 2%. Utah has the 7th fastest growing economy nationally. Job growth has been strongest in natural resources, construction, manufacturing, information and professional/business services. At the local level, Duchesne County has seen the strongest job growth at 8% over the past year.
Igtm pre event golf survey by sports marketing survey - part IMS-Co
The survey found:
1) Spain was the most popular recent international golf destination at 17%, followed by Portugal at 13% and the United States at 7%.
2) 37% of respondents had not taken an international golf trip in the past 5 years.
3) When considering future destinations, recommendations from friends were most important to respondents, followed by golf magazines and online reviews/golf networks. Price, variety of courses, and golf being included in packages were also very important factors.
4) Economic factors like currency exchange rates and fuel costs have at least a little impact on most respondents' decisions to take an international golf trip.
The document discusses changes in humanitarian action over the last 10 years and trends to expect in the next 10 years. It notes that humanitarian assistance funding has increased while attacks on aid workers have also risen. Three major trends are identified: (1) humanitarian assistance is increasing but trust in humanitarianism is decreasing; (2) respect for universal principles is declining while nationalism and sovereignty are rising; (3) conflict-related crises are declining relatively while natural disasters are increasing. The importance of humanitarian principles is emphasized amid these challenges facing humanitarian action.
The keypad polling results from the second community visioning meeting on the Mystic Valley Parkway Green Line extension project showed that:
- Residents were most concerned about potential land acquisitions and neighborhood changes from commercial and residential property taking.
- Over half felt the presentation improved their understanding of how traffic and development may impact the area.
- Most believed people would use the new Green Line station for commuting, but some had concerns about increased traffic and parking issues.
- Opinions were mixed on whether the extension would overall positively or negatively impact the neighborhood.
Juab County is located in central Utah. Its population has grown 24% between 2000 and 2010 to 5,389 residents. Most residents live in the cities of Nephi, Levan, or Mona. The county's population is older than Utah's overall, with 13% over age 65 compared to 6% for the state. Educational attainment in Juab County is lower than Utah and the U.S., with only 27% of residents having a bachelor's degree or higher.
Ridgeview Elementary School's mission is to provide an academically challenging environment within a secure and encouraging community. The school enables students to pursue their ambitions and become contributing global citizens. Test results show that in 2011, 77% of students were proficient or advanced in reading/language arts, and 68% in math. 90% of 8th graders scored in the top half of the nation on an explorer test that year. Annual goals set a 4% increase target in reading and math proficiency rates for 3rd and 7th grades at the state, county, and school level through 2013.
85% of Americans use the internet and internet use increases with younger age groups. 66% of Americans have home broadband access which has doubled since 2000. Device ownership has seen a mobile revolution with more people owning smartphones and tablets than desktop computers. 2/3 of online adults use social media with nearly half using it on a typical day.
Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisorIpsos UK
Although the pattern of migration is away from the developing to the developed world, people everywhere see immigration increasing. …and they don’t seem to like it.
The document summarizes internet usage trends in Azerbaijan from 2004-2011 based on data from the Caucasus Barometer surveys. Some key findings are:
- Household PC and mobile phone ownership increased substantially over time, with mobile ownership reaching over 90% by 2011.
- However, internet usage rates lagged behind, with only about a quarter of Azerbaijanis using the internet by 2011. Daily internet use was still only around 7%.
- Major barriers to internet adoption and use included lack of awareness, age, education, poverty, rural residence, and lack of English skills. Rural areas, poorer populations, and those with less education were least likely to use the internet frequently.
Mobile technology has seen rapid adoption globally over the past decade. Smartphone usage in particular has accelerated, with over half of US mobile users projected to have smartphones by 2015. This shift has transformed consumer behavior and led to new forms of mobile commerce and payments. New York has emerged as a major technology hub, with over 300 digital startups founded in recent years. The city has a growing ecosystem of local and outside venture capital firms investing in mobile and digital companies. Entrepreneurs are advised to have a clear strategic plan, network widely, be realistic about valuation expectations, and choose funding partners carefully.
Education Equity in Asian Pacific Islander Communities in Oregon_APANO_
The document discusses achievement and opportunity gaps faced by Asian Pacific Islander (API) students in Multnomah County, Oregon. It shows that while API students score higher than average on math tests, there are still significant achievement gaps compared to white students. Additionally, educational attainment rates among APIs vary greatly depending on language and country of origin. The document suggests looking deeper into subgroup data to better understand challenges faced. In 3 sentences or less:
While API students score above average in math, there are still achievement gaps compared to white students. Educational attainment rates among APIs vary greatly depending on language and country of origin. The document argues for examining subgroup data to better understand challenges faced by different API communities.
California higher ed where is comes from and where it goesSally Hamilton
This document contains graphs showing the funding sources and expenditures for the University of California (UC), California Community Colleges (CCC), and California State University (CSU) systems from 1970 to 2010. The graphs show that for all three systems, the largest funding source was the general fund, though its percentage has decreased over time. For expenditures, the largest category for all systems was instruction/teaching.
2012 october 3 survey of tunisian public opinion, july 26 august 8, 2012Moez
This survey document summarizes the methodology and key findings of a survey of Tunisian public opinion conducted from July 26 to August 8, 2012. Over 1,265 face-to-face interviews were conducted across Tunisia's 24 governorates. The survey examined Tunisians' views on the country's direction, economic conditions, priorities for government, and the role and timeline of the National Constituent Assembly.
Want to learn how to create partnerships with local schools to help shape healthier and more safe communities? This presentation takes you step-by-step through the process of implementing a Shared Use campaign in your community to help keep schools open as centers of activity for families from all walks of life.
Symantec’s 2010 Global SMB Information Protection Survey found that small and midsized businesses (SMBs with 10 to 499 employees) are now making protecting their information their highest IT priority, as opposed to 15 months ago when a high percentage had failed to enact even the most basic safeguards. This shift makes sense as SMBs are facing increased threats from cyber attacks, lost devices and loss of confidential or proprietary data.
The document reviews public opinion on the economy and politics in 2012, finding that while perceptions of personal financial situations were optimistic, views of the national economy and government remained pessimistic. It also shows that while approval of Obama's job performance held steady, many expect continued economic difficulties in 2013 and have doubts about Washington's ability to make progress on important issues.
Similar to Land ownership in the American West (20)
The document shows charts of China's total population and percentage of urban population from 1960 to 2028, with the total population increasing from around 600 million to over 1.4 billion and the percentage of urban population increasing from around 10% to over 70% over the same time period, indicating China has experienced rapid urbanization as hundreds of millions of people have moved to cities.
How energy is produced in the American West, the nation’s “energy breadbasket”Sea to Snow Consulting
“The State of Energy in the West” from the Western Governors' Association provides a comprehensive survey of conventional and renewable energy resources in the region.
Skiing, snowboarding, and snowmobiling generate hundreds of thousands of jobs in 38 states, but climate change threatens the snow these industries rely on.
The document discusses financing land conservation efforts in Western states. It notes that each Western state has at least 30% of its land under federal ownership. It also shows that several Western states have passed dedicated funding sources for land conservation, approving over $25 billion for open space protection from 1988 to 2012. Additionally, it provides information on the Land and Water Conservation Fund, which has appropriated over $15.5 billion since 1965, with 63% used for federal land acquisition.
The document is a presentation from LandScope America, which provides an online mapping platform for visualizing land conservation efforts. It includes maps of protected areas in Colorado, wildlife habitat areas in Colorado, and housing density changes over time in the Denver metro area from 1970 to a 2030 projection. It also shows data on average annual public investments in conservation for Colorado, Washington, and Idaho from 1998-2005, including total expenditures and expenditures per capita and per acre conserved. The maps and data can help organizations and planners understand land use and target conservation efforts.
Scarcity of freshwater is a defining feature of planet Earth. This EcoWest.org presentation shares graphics that visualize our most precious natural resource.
Federal spending on wildfire suppression has been increasing, with costs reaching over $2 billion for the Department of Interior and U.S. Forest Service in 2012. The average cost of fighting wildfires has also risen, with spending over $1,000 per federal fire and $100,000 per federal acre burned. Wildfire management now makes up the largest portion of the Forest Service budget, comprising over $2 billion in 2012, as climate change has led to more extreme fire conditions across the western United States.
Per capita rates of vehicle miles traveled have fallen, and the recession is not the only reason. A U.S. PIRG report examines the end of the "driving boom."
Conservation spending on natural resources generates significant employment and economic in the United States. This presentation includes data and analysis for the American West.
A dashboard that visualizes energy consumption, prices, and spending n the 50 U.S. states, based on data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s Annual Energy Review.
Results from recent Conservation in the West Polls from Colorado College's State of the Rockies project show strong support for protecting the environment.
This document contains numerous slides with data visualizations and statistics about global and regional biodiversity and ecosystems. It includes information on terrestrial and freshwater biomes and ecoregions, numbers of plant and animal species, levels of endemism, threats to different habitats, and protected area coverage. Specifically, it shows statistics on biodiversity indicators for biomes, ecoregions, and species in different parts of the world, North America, and the western United States.
Essential Tools for Modern PR Business .pptxPragencyuk
Discover the essential tools and strategies for modern PR business success. Learn how to craft compelling news releases, leverage press release sites and news wires, stay updated with PR news, and integrate effective PR practices to enhance your brand's visibility and credibility. Elevate your PR efforts with our comprehensive guide.
Youngest c m in India- Pema Khandu BiographyVoterMood
Pema Khandu, born on August 21, 1979, is an Indian politician and the Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh. He is the son of former Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh, Dorjee Khandu. Pema Khandu assumed office as the Chief Minister in July 2016, making him one of the youngest Chief Ministers in India at that time.
13062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
2. Federal lands in the West, Alaska, and U.S.
80%
70%
National Wildlife Refuges
60%
National Parks
50% Forest Service
Bureau of Land Management
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
11 Western States Alaska Other 38 States Total U.S.
Source: Bureau of Land Management 2/8/2013 2
3. Land use on public, tribal, and private land
2,500
Special uses, urban uses, and misc. land
2,000
Forest land
Grassland pasture and range
1,500
Cropland
Millions
of acres
1,000
500
0
Federal State and other American Indian Private Total
public
Source: USDA Economic Research Service 2/8/2013 3
4. Portion of each state that is federal land
30%
30%
1%
3%
53%
VT = 8%
50% 6% NH = 13%
1% MA = 2%
42% 6%
6% RI = 0.4%
10% CT = 0.4%
85% 1% 3% NJ = 3%
1% DE = 2%
45% 57% 2% MD = 3%
37% 2%
1%
7% DC = 25%
10%
1%
5% 5%
3% 12%
48%
42% 4%
7% 3%
2% 4%
7%
2% 5%
8%
69%
19%
Source: U.S. General Services Administration 2/8/2013 4
5. States with the most federal land
Nevada 84.5%
Alaska 69.1%
Utah 57.5%
Oregon 53.1%
Idaho 50.2%
Arizona 48.1%
California 45.3%
Wyoming 42.3%
New Mexico 41.8%
Colorado 36.6%
Washington 30.3%
Montana 29.9%
District of Columbia 24.7%
Hawaii 19.4%
New Hampshire 13.5%
North Carolina 11.8%
Michigan 10.0%
Virginia 9.9%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
Source: U.S. General Services Administration 2/8/2013 5
6. Urbanized areas
Urbanized areas
Source: Protected Area Database, Conservation Biology Institute 2/8/2013 6
7. Private lands
Private lands
Urbanized areas
Source: Protected Area Database, Conservation Biology Institute 2/8/2013 7
8. Joint ownership, or unknown
Joint/unknown
Urbanized areas
Source: Protected Area Database, Conservation Biology Institute 2/8/2013 8
9. Private conservation lands
Private conservation
Joint/unknown
Urbanized areas
Source: Protected Area Database, Conservation Biology Institute 2/8/2013 9
10. Local/regional land agency
Local/regional
Private conservation
Joint/unknown
Urbanized areas
Source: Protected Area Database, Conservation Biology Institute 2/8/2013 10
11. State land
State
Local/regional
Private conservation
Joint/unknown
Urbanized areas
Source: Protected Area Database, Conservation Biology Institute 2/8/2013 11
12. Tribal land
Tribal
State
Local/regional
Private conservation
Joint/unknown
Urbanized areas
Source: Protected Area Database, Conservation Biology Institute 2/8/2013 12
13. Federal land
Federal
Tribal
State
Local/regional
Private conservation
Joint/unknown
Urbanized areas
Source: Protected Area Database, Conservation Biology Institute 2/8/2013 13
14. Federal lands breakdown
Source: Protected Area Database, Conservation Biology Institute 2/8/2013 14
15. Defense, Energy, Army Corps of Engineers
Defense, Energy, ACOE
Source: Protected Area Database, Conservation Biology Institute 2/8/2013 15
16. Fish and Wildlife Service
Fish and Wildlife Service
Defense, Energy, ACOE
Source: Protected Area Database, Conservation Biology Institute 2/8/2013 16
17. National Park Service
National Park Service
Fish and Wildlife Service
Defense, Energy, ACOE
Source: Protected Area Database, Conservation Biology Institute 2/8/2013 17
18. U.S. Forest Service
Forest Service
National Park Service
Fish and Wildlife Service
Defense, Energy, ACOE
Source: Protected Area Database, Conservation Biology Institute 2/8/2013 18
19. U.S. Bureau of Land Management
BLM
Forest Service
National Park Service
Fish and Wildlife Service
Defense, Energy, ACOE
Source: Protected Area Database, Conservation Biology Institute 2/8/2013 19
20. Percent of ecoregion formally protected
Source: The Nature Conservancy 2/8/2013 20
21. Download more slides and other libraries
ecowest.org
Contact us by e-mailing mitch@ceaconsulting.com
2/8/2013 21
Editor's Notes
In this EcoWest.org presentation, we discuss land ownership patterns in the West.
Narrative: The preponderance of public land is one of the West’s defining features. This graphic shows that nearly half of the 11 Western states are owned by the federal government. The biggest landowner in the West is the Bureau of Land Management, followed by the Forest Service. Outside of the West and Alaska, there’s very little federal land in other states.Source: Bureau of Land Management, Wilkinson, Charles F. Crossing the Next Meridian. Washington, DC:Island Press, 1992.URL: http://www.blm.gov/public_land_statistics/pls11/pls2011.pdf
Narrative: This graphic shows how land use and land type differ according to the owner. Virtually all cropland, for instance, is privately owned. Public land, whether owned by the federal, state, or other form of government, tends to have a mix of land types. Federal lands in the West include undeveloped parks and wilderness areas, rangeland grazed by livestock, national forests that may or may not be logged, and a variety of other land uses.Source: USDA Economic Research ServiceURL: http://www.ers.usda.gov/media/250065/eib14j_1_.pdfNotes: Over 60 percent of the land in the United States is privately owned.The Federal Government is the next largest landowner with more than28 percent, mostly in the West. State and local governments own nearly 9 percent and Indian trust land accounts for over 2 percent. These proportions change only gradually over time, except in Alaska, where large areas of Federal land have been transferred to State and native (private) ownership. Federal land, at 635 million acres in 2002, includes the original public domain and land acquired by purchase and other means. Total federally owned land decreased by about 12 million acres between 1997 and 2002. About 37 percent of all Federal land is in Alaska, 41 percent in the Mountain region, and 14 percent in the Pacific region. The remaining 9 percent is distributed among the other eight farm production regions and Hawaii, with the largest portion—nearly 2 percent of all Federal land—in the Lake States. About 152 million acres of Federal grassland and a portion of Federal forestland are used for grazing. Livestock can also graze some of the special-use and miscellaneous land. Federal land also includes forest land in special uses and miscellaneous other land, such as marshes, open swamps, bare rock areas, desert, and other uses not inventoried.State and local governments have accumulated landholdings of various sizes through grants from the Federal Government, tax reversions, purchases, gifts, and escheats. These publicly administered areas are distributedthroughout the Nation more evenly than Federal land, but are still highly concentrated in the Western States. State and local governments hold land for forests, parks, wildlife refuges, highways and roads, institutional uses,and other specific purposes. Most Western States also own relatively large acreages to earn income, provide financial support to schools, and meet other objectives. About 40 million acres in this category are used forgrazing. The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) manages 56 million acres in trust for American Indian and Alaskan Native tribes and individuals. Like Federal and State land, most land managed by BIA is concentrated in the Western States. About 36 million acres is grazing land, and a small acreage is used for crop production. Private land, except that under American Indian and Alaska Native ownership, totaled nearly 1.4 billion acres in 2002. Between 1997 and 2002, private ownership increased in forest-use land by 2 million acres and in special uses, urban, and miscellaneous by a total of 17 million acres. Privately owned land includes 99 percent of the Nation's cropland, 61 percent of the grassland pasture and range, 56 percent of the forest-use land, and 30 percent of the special-use, urban, and miscellaneous land. Land use is closely interlinked with land ownership, and these proportions reflect historic land management priorities. During the 19th century, Federal agencies actively encouraged westward settlement and economic development through the selective transfer of the more productive agricultural lands from Federal ownership to private companies and individuals (Wiebe et al., 1997). At the beginning of the 20th century, the emphasis of land-use policies has evolved to balance private economic interests with the provision of recreation, wilderness and wildlife, and environmental and resource conservation.
Narrative: This map shows what percentage of each state is owned by the federal government. Trust lands, mostly Indian reservations, are not included. Nevada and Alaska top the list and all Western states have at least 30 percent of their land under federal control. Back east, New Hampshire, Vermont, and of course the District of Columbia, have the most federal land.Source: U.S. General Services Administration, Federal Real Property Profile 2004URL: http://www.gsa.gov/graphics/ogp/Annual_Report__FY2004_Final_R2M-n11_0Z5RDZ-i34K-pR.pdfNotes: Excludes trust properties. Adapted from map in Kennedy, Donald, “Can the West Lead Us to a Better Place?,” Stanford Magazine, May/June 2008. http://www.stanfordalumni.org/news/magazine/2008/mayjun/features/west.html
Narrative: Here we see all of the states that have at least 10 percent of land owned by the federal government. Western states are at the top, but it’s worth noting that the rate of federal ownership varies from around 30 percent in Montana and Washington to nearly 85 percent in Nevada. Source: U.S. General Services Administration, Federal Real Property Profile 2004URL: http://www.gsa.gov/graphics/ogp/Annual_Report__FY2004_Final_R2M-n11_0Z5RDZ-i34K-pR.pdfNotes: Excludes trust properties
Narrative: Let’s take a closer look at the mosaic of land ownership and land uses in the West and elsewhere. The black on this map shows urbanized areas. You can see that there are far more big cities back East, but the West certainly has its share, especially along and near the Pacific Coast. Source: Protected Area Database, Conservation Biology InstituteURL: http://databasin.org/protected-center/features/PAD-US-CBINotes: PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition) is a comprehensive geospatial data set of United States protected areas, including detailed information on land ownership, management and conservation status. Our goal is to regularly compile and publish national, state and local protected areas information (public and private) that we obtain through an established network of data providers. Protected areas data are collected from these sources and aggregated into a standard framework. Challenges related to the incompleteness of source data, varied formats, data structures, and accuracy are reconciled as much as possible, but this effort is an ongoing process of steady improvement. A unique collaborative process with leading data providers across the nation ensures that source information flows into this database and back to the providers in an iterative fashion. This version substantially improves our national inventory of protected lands. PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition) provides the spatial foundation by which users can conceptualize our national conservation landscape. CBI will release an updated version of PAD-US annually.
Narrative: In the eastern half of the country, the bulk of the land is unprotected and privately owned. There’s also plenty of that in the West, in places like the Central Valley in California, Southeast Washington, and Eastern Montana. But especially in the inland West, much of the land is either federal, state, or tribal.Source: Protected Area Database, Conservation Biology InstituteURL: http://databasin.org/protected-center/features/PAD-US-CBINotes:
Narrative: Let’s start filling in more landowners, beginningwith a couple minor players, such as parcels that have a variety of owners, depicted here in pink.Source: Protected Area Database, Conservation Biology InstituteURL: http://databasin.org/protected-center/features/PAD-US-CBINotes:
Narrative: Thereare also some private lands dedicated to conservation, seen here in yellow. They’re typically smaller parcels and scattered so they don’t show up well on a national map, but these lands are critical to conservation and we return to them in our discussion of land trusts.Source: Protected Area Database, Conservation Biology InstituteURL: http://databasin.org/protected-center/features/PAD-US-CBINotes:
Narrative: Orange represents local or regional land agencies, such as those run by cities or counties. Source: Protected Area Database, Conservation Biology InstituteURL: http://databasin.org/protected-center/features/PAD-US-CBINotes:
Narrative: Now let’s start talking about some of the major players. Especially in the West, but also in some parts of the upper Midwest and Northeast, a fair amount of land is controlled by the state government. Out West, these acres were generally given to the states by the federal government when territories entered the union, and typically states are supposed to raise money for their public schools by selling some of these lands to the highest bidder. But the parcels tend to be scattered and intermixed with federal lands.Source: Protected Area Database, Conservation Biology InstituteURL: http://databasin.org/protected-center/features/PAD-US-CBINotes:
Narrative: Tribal land covers large parts of Arizona and New Mexico and it’s found in every Western state.Source: Protected Area Database, Conservation Biology InstituteURL: http://databasin.org/protected-center/features/PAD-US-CBINotes:
Narrative: But the biggest player is clearly the federal government. Within that green, there are many different agencies in charge of how the land is managed, and each has its own mission and mandate.Source: Protected Area Database, Conservation Biology InstituteURL: http://databasin.org/protected-center/features/PAD-US-CBINotes:
Narrative: Let’s take a closer look at how federal land breaks down.Source: Protected Area Database, Conservation Biology InstituteURL: http://databasin.org/protected-center/features/PAD-US-CBINotes:
Narrative: Military training and weapons experiments take place on lands controlled by the Departments of Defense and Energy. Some of these places, such as the fabled Area 51 in Southern Nevada, are top secret, but portions of others, such as the Barry M. Goldwater bombing range in Southwest Arizona, are open to recreational users who get a special permit.Source: Protected Area Database, Conservation Biology InstituteURL: http://databasin.org/protected-center/features/PAD-US-CBINotes:
Narrative: The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, part of the Interior Department, manages some very sizable national wildlife refuges, often to benefit endangered species and waterfowl. Source: Protected Area Database, Conservation Biology InstituteURL: http://databasin.org/protected-center/features/PAD-US-CBINotes:
Narrative: Our national parks protect some of the nation’s most spectacular scenery and ecosystems. Source: Protected Area Database, Conservation Biology InstituteURL: http://databasin.org/protected-center/features/PAD-US-CBINotes:
Narrative: Many of the mountainous areas of the west are under the purview of the Forest Service, although there are also some national forests back east.Source: Protected Area Database, Conservation Biology InstituteURL: http://databasin.org/protected-center/features/PAD-US-CBINotes:
Narrative: But the biggest federal landowner is the Bureau of Land Management, or BLM, which controls many of the lower elevation federal lands that lie in the basins between mountains.Source: Protected Area Database, Conservation Biology InstituteURL: http://databasin.org/protected-center/features/PAD-US-CBINotes:
Narrative: Because there’s so much public property in the West, many landscapes are at least nominally protected by the government. This map shows that the region does quite well on this measure, even on a global scale. But public ownership doesn’t equal immunity from human influence. Thevast network of roads and other infrastructure in the region has fragmented habitat and abetted the spread of non-native species. The multiple-use philosophy that governs much of the property overseen by the Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management means natural resources are often vulnerable to development and human activity.Source: Hoekstra et al. The Atlas Of Global Conservation: Changes, Challenges, and Opportunities to Make a Difference. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2010URL: http://www.nature.org/ourscience/sciencefeatures/conservation-atlas.xml http://app.databasin.org/app/pages/datasetPage.jsp?id=09fe3f2e8cf1402281339f0e17924e9aNotes: We derived estimates of protected area coverage from the World Database of Protected Areas (WDPA, UNEP/IUCN 2007) with supplements for the United States (CBI 2006) and Australia (CAPAD 2006). The WDPA is the most comprehensive global catalog of protected areas and includes data about their sizes, locations, and IUCN classifications of management designation. The WDPA was assembled by a broad alliance of organizations that aimed to maintain a freely available, accurate, and current database that is accepted as a global standard by all stakeholders.The distribution of all protected areas was mapped in a Geographic Information System and then summarized to calculate the total area of all protected areas in each ecoregion and biome, respectively. We included all categories of protected areas in our estimates, except those that lacked location data or that had nonpermanent status. Protected areas with only point location and area data were mapped as circles with appropriate radii. Portions of any protected areas that extended into the marine environment were clipped out. Overlapping protected areas were combined to avoid double-counting errors. The time series of cumulative protected area coverage was derived from the WDPA based on the reported year of designation. The number and total area of different categories of protected areas were calculated based on the IUCN classification assigned to each protected area. These categories indicate the intended management objectives for each protected area, but they do not necessarily predict whether that management is occurring or is effective. Protected areas for which no IUCN category was assigned were not included in these tallies. A note about Antarctica designation of “not applicable”: Antarctica is often regarded as a special case; not owned by a nation, its management falls under the jurisdiction of the twenty-seven nations that are signatories to the Antarctica Treaty System. There are provisions for designation of protected areas under this system, although only small areas have so far been established. At the same time, the general environmental regulations pertaining to the continent and, to some degree, to the surrounding waters are regarded by many as equivalent to, or perhaps stricter than, those applied to many protected areas elsewhere in the world.Data derived from:Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD). 2006. Available on request from the Australian Government, Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts at www.deh.gov.au/parks/nrs/capad. Digital media.Conservation Biology Institute (CBI). 2006. Protected Areas Database (PAD), version 4. Conservation Biology Institute, Corvallis, Oregon, USA. Available at www.consbio.org/cbi/projects/PAD. Digital media.UN Environment Programme (UNEP)/International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). 2007. Protected areas extracted from the 2007 World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA). The WDPA is a joint product of UNEP and the IUCN, prepared by UNEP-WCMC and the IUCN WCPA working with Governments, the Secretariats of MEAs, and collaborating NGOs. For further information, contact protectedareas@unep-wcmc.org or go to www.WDPA.org.