the presentation consists of the information related to scandinavian culture, the society,architecture, about famous dances and lastely about costumes and food. It is a presentation which gives you overview of the scandinavian countries culture and costume.

1. SCANDINAVIAN CULTURE
BY
AAKRITI MISHRA AND ANKITA
AGGRAWAL

2. LOCATION
The term Scandinavia in
local usage covers the three
kingdoms of Denmark,
Norway, and Sweden.
However, in English usage,
the term also sometimes
refers to the Scandinavian
peninsular, or to the broader
region including Finland and
Iceland, which is always
known locally as the Nordic
countries.

3. Linguistic Affiliation
Most citizens speak Swedish
as their first language and
English as their second
The language has been
nationally standardized for
more than a century, but
regional variations in
pronunciation persist. English
is a required second language
in school.

4. CULTURAL CHARCTERISTICS
Egalitarian: they tend to prefer a flat
hierarchy and dislike obvious signs of
status. You will be addressed informally
and you will rarely be treated
deferentially.
Direct: they prefer direct
communication so they say what they
think and do not hint at things.
Rules: they tend to respect rules quite
strictly and do not bend them
depending on the person.
Punctuality: they respect schedules and
prefer you to be on time for everything.
The Scandinavian culture and also its own design well-being state is actually based on
coalition and conformity along with a deep commitment to autonomy and independence:
Social worth, including egalitarianism, are actually highlighted and bragging is
disapproved.

5. FOLK DANCES
Scandinavian folk dances are
generally done in couples, with
the exception of a few solo
dances.
For social occasions it is
customary today to dance one or
two dances with one partner and
then dance with another
person. In classes, partners are
often rotated to speed learning.
Polska
The polska is a family of music
and dance forms shared by the
Nordic countries: called polsk in
Denmark, polska in Sweden and
Finland , and by several different
names in Norway.

6. HAMBO
The hambo(or Hambopolska) is a variety of
Polska dance, traditional dance that originated
in Sweden in the late 19th and early 20th
centuries.
In Sweden, the hambo is in the gammaldans
(old-time dance) tradition.
The version presented here is the Nighambo,
or "dip" Hambo. This is the oldest style of
Hambo, but one mostly commonly danced in
the US.
Sweden hosts an annual hambo world
championship, called Hälsingehambon.
Compared to all the other polkas, an
important attribute of the Hambo is the
partner turn. These turns have made the
Hambo typically Swedish and have alone
remained essentially the same.
These are some of the instruments played for
the Hambo.

7. WALTZ
The waltz is a ballroom and
folkdance, normally in triple time,
performed primarily in closed position.
In contemporary ballroom dance,
the fast versions of the waltz are called
Viennese waltz opposed to the slow
waltz.
International standard waltz has
only closed figures; that is, the couple
never breaks the embrace.
Men and women performing
waltz

8. snoa
The dance
characteristics of the snoa
is smooth and gliding, or
slightly springy.
used throughout a good
part of northern Sweden.
The basic steps in snoa
just contains walking steps
side by side, and steps
forwards and backwards
when turning.

9. HAILLING
The Halling
(hallingdansen) is folk dance
traditionally performed in
rural Norway, although
versions of the halling can
also be found in parts of
Sweden.
T he dance is traditionally
performed by young men at
weddings and parties.
Hallingdans can best be
described as rhythmic
acrobatic dance and consists
of a number of steps which
requires both strength and
softness
One of the dance moves is called hallingkast. In
this move, a girl has traditionally held a hat high
using a stick or something similar, and the dancer
is supposed to kick down the hat. Kast is seen as
the test of strength, which involves kicking a hat
that is held about 230 to 280 cm above the floor.

10. Traditional Costume
WOMAN
The woman is wearing a colourful
costume, featuring a black vest with
appliqués and tassels, white blouse,
white lace apron, and red print skirt.
She is wearing a flower head piece
(vinok) -- a headband with flowers
that has long flowing ribbons down
the back.
 She has a red yarn necklace that
symbolizes the traditional red coral
necklace.
MAN
The man is wearing a black
waistcoat with red trim and green
tassels, striped trousers, a red
krakuska (four-cornered) cap
decorated with ribbons and feathers,
and he has metal rings attached to
the belt.
Ceramic statues featuring
costumes of folk dances

11. The Waist and the
Shirt: Women
The waist is generally made of
fine home-spun linen,
differing according to the taste of
the maker or wearer in thickness ;
sometimes as thin as muslin, and
often as heavy as table- spreads
or napkins.
he sleeves are large, but not
flowing ; being gathered on the
wrist by a band that fits neatly,
and that is adorned with the
finest style of needle-work that
the owner can produce by her
own skill or purchase from
others.

12. Men's costume
Over this white garment goes a
skeleton waist, made of red
woollen cloth, with cotton lining.
At first sight it looks as though
the white and red garments were
one, but in point of fact the
latter is a sort of open jacket.
The cap is the article that
distinguishes the married from
the unmarried ; the difference
being that the matrons(woman in
charge of domestic and medical
arrangements) wear a close head-
cover that is entirely white.

13. On the attire of the
priest
Priest is dressed in a
long frock coat, and wears be-
hind him a long plaited, trailing
strip of black cloth, as wide
as the space between his
shoulders, fastened in front by a
buckle on the neck-circling ribbon
or band.

14. Modern Scandinavian
House Designs
Scandinavian countries are
known for their simple design.
Neutral colors, natural
materials, and elements of
nature are all often found in
bright Scandinavian interiors.
The same things are usually
also found on the exteriors of
their homes.
This Swedish home is covered in light wood to
protect it from the elements and features huge
windows to let in as much natural light as
possible.

15. ARCHITECTURE
Scandinavian design has been
characterised by modernism,
simplicity, minimalism and
functionality since the 1950s.
Scandinavian architecture
means a natural way of life – one
that helps us stay close to nature
even in urban surroundings.
Scandinavian architecture means
1. Integration with nature
2. Simplicity in design
3. Utilisation of natural light
4. Creative use of natural
materials
5. Functionality and comfort

16. HOUSE DETAILS
In Scandinavian countries, nature is
close to people even in urban
surroundings.
NATURAL MATERIALS
 Building with wood is popular. A house
made of PINE LOGS provides a natural,
finished wood surface on both the
exterior and the interior of the building.
Large windows allow an open view
outside, creating a connection with
nature.
Natural light contributes to well-being,
happiness and productivity. The role of
large windows is twofold: to let natural
daylight in and to provide direct a view to
the nature outside.
Wood and other natural materials
create warm interiors that you can see
and feel. Wooden floors and log walls are
nice to touch and look at, creating a
welcoming atmosphere.
Residential house Markki

17. Energy Efficiency
Green alternatives are
preferred by Scandinavian
designers as the design of
energy efficient households is
demanded by law in
Scandinavian countries,
including Sweden and
Denmark. These countries
manage to keep their carbon
emissions low thanks to
passive solutions and
appropriate construction
techniques
Ion Hotel by Minarc

18. Sleek Shapes
Sleek shapes and clean lines
are a staple of Scandinavian
design, varying from simple
shapes to complex
compositions.
Scandinavians enjoy playing
with shapes and often
avoid aesthetical adornments,
keeping designs clean but
interesting to the eye.
Romsdal Folk museum by Reiulf Ramstad

19. THE LITTLE MERMAID
Unveiled on 23 August 1913
The sculpture is displayed
on a rock by the waterside at
the Langelinie promenade in
Copenhagen, Denmark.
The sculpture is made of
bronze and granite and was
inspired by Hans Christian
fairy tale about a mermaid
who gives up everything to be
united with a young,
handsome prince on land.
The Little Mermaid in
Copenhagen continues to be
the most Popular tourist
attraction in Denmark and
one of the most
photographed statues in the
world.

20. ALE’S STONE
Ale's Stones is a megalith
monument in scania in
southern Sweden.
 megalith is a large stone
that has been used to
construct a structure or
monument, either alone or
together with other stones.
The 59 boulders are laid out
in the shape of a ship, 67
metres long and 19 metres
wide.

21. FIRST THEORIES
The two most credible
theories differ widely on
when and why the monument
was assembled.
Some theories believe the
stones served as an ancient
astronomical clock, they have
been aligned according to the
winter and the summer
Solstices. Every year people
come to the site to see the
sun going down at the north-
western stone in summer and
rise exactly at the opposite
stone in winter. This
speculation goes back 2,500
years, during the Bronze Age.

22. SECOND THEORY
However, the more popular
theory of it being a burial
monument dates back some
1,400 years, toward the end
of the Nordic Iron Age. Some
people say it was built in
honour of the Vikings who
perished in their voyages, and
bringing more weight to this
theory, the word ‘Ale’ meant
‘sanctuary’ in the ancient
Nordic language.

23. Food Customs at
Ceremonial Occasions.
The smorgasbord is well
adapted to festive meals such
as Christmas, Easter,
Midsummer, and wedding
banquets. Meat and fish
dishes have greater
prominence at these times,
as do schnapps and other
alcoholic beverages.

24. DAILY DIET
Preserved food are very common
and include dried, smoked, salted,
or pickled fish; dried fruits and
jams; and fermented milk. Fresh
fruits and vegetables are only
available for a few months a year
and are dried and stored for the fall
and winter months. Strawberries,
blueberries, and raspberries
abound in the summer. Potatoes
are an important staple of the diet.
Seafood is an important part of the
Scandinavian diet.
Other staples include fish, seafood,
mutton, cheese, cabbage, apples,
onions, berries, nuts, and bread.
. A Dutch man eats raw herring

25. MEAT CULTURE
Historically, meat was in
limited supply, so it was often
combined with other
ingredients. The famous
Swedish meatballs and the
Danish fricadeller (patties
made of ground beef, lamb,
and pork) came out of this
tradition. Today, the
Scandinavians are hearty
meat eaters. Pork is the
favourite meat in Denmark, a
country that has as many pigs
as people. Scandinavians also
hunt wild birds, elk, deer, and
bear.

26. ALCOHOLIC BELT
Alcoholic drinks in Sweden
are as common as in most of the
western world. Sweden is
historically part of the vodka
belt, with high consumption of
distilled drinks and binge
drinking, but during the later
half of the 20th century, habits
are more harmonized with
western Europe, with increasing
popularity of wine and weekday
drinking. wine is now also
grown and produced in several
parts of Sweden and the
southernmost region of skane is
turning into a hub experiencing
a strong growth in number of
active Vineyards.
Absolut Vodka, the most successful product of
the privatised manufacturer Vin&Sprit.