The secret to preventing turfgrass nutrient deficienciesasianturfgrass
See the presentation handout here (http://seminar.asianturfgrass.com/2014_hgcsa.html) with links to files and websites mentioned in the presentation.
As a subtitle to this presentation, I used "why K fertilizer is almost always required but Ca is not, and the controlling role of N, among other examples to illustrate the point."
The quick reason why that subtitle is important to understand is this. Adding more nitrogen (N) makes the grass grow more, which naturally increases the demand of all other nutrients. That makes sense, because as the plant grows more, it produces more leaves and stems and roots -- it is a bigger plant. And when there is a bigger plant, in order to maintain nutrient levels in the plant, more of every nutrient will be required.
But why is potassium (K) almost always required as fertilizer, but calcium (Ca) is not? That is because grass in Hawaii, over the course of about a year, will use more K than is available in the soil. So if K is not added as fertilizer, the soil K will get so low that plant uptake of K may be too low. With Ca, that isn't the case. The amount of Ca in the soil is large, and the amount used by the grass is less, so even over a span of multiple years, the grass can obtain all the calcium it will use from the soil.
The presentation explains how this can be calculated.
Efficient and Re-usable SAPO Catalyst for the Selective Production of Furans ...pbpbms6
Selective production of furufral from hemicellulose and HMF from various C6 sugars (fructose, glucose, maltose, cellobiose, starch) are shown using solid acid catalyst, SAPO's.
The secret to preventing turfgrass nutrient deficienciesasianturfgrass
See the presentation handout here (http://seminar.asianturfgrass.com/2014_hgcsa.html) with links to files and websites mentioned in the presentation.
As a subtitle to this presentation, I used "why K fertilizer is almost always required but Ca is not, and the controlling role of N, among other examples to illustrate the point."
The quick reason why that subtitle is important to understand is this. Adding more nitrogen (N) makes the grass grow more, which naturally increases the demand of all other nutrients. That makes sense, because as the plant grows more, it produces more leaves and stems and roots -- it is a bigger plant. And when there is a bigger plant, in order to maintain nutrient levels in the plant, more of every nutrient will be required.
But why is potassium (K) almost always required as fertilizer, but calcium (Ca) is not? That is because grass in Hawaii, over the course of about a year, will use more K than is available in the soil. So if K is not added as fertilizer, the soil K will get so low that plant uptake of K may be too low. With Ca, that isn't the case. The amount of Ca in the soil is large, and the amount used by the grass is less, so even over a span of multiple years, the grass can obtain all the calcium it will use from the soil.
The presentation explains how this can be calculated.
Efficient and Re-usable SAPO Catalyst for the Selective Production of Furans ...pbpbms6
Selective production of furufral from hemicellulose and HMF from various C6 sugars (fructose, glucose, maltose, cellobiose, starch) are shown using solid acid catalyst, SAPO's.
The Phosphorus Problem: Treatment Options and Process Monitoring Solutions | YSIXylem Inc.
Recent events have demonstrated that excess phosphorus in receiving waters can create many serious problems including impairment of drinking water supplies. For this reason and others, incorporation of phosphorus limits into NPDES discharge permits is occurring in many states.
Many water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) are being required to remove phosphorus for the first time and will need to add a process to the flow sheet. A discharge limit of 1.0 mg/L may be achieved most cost-effectively with chemical addition. Enhanced biological treatment may be needed to meet lower limits down to 0.5 mg/L and below. Additionally, biological treatment has other potential benefits.
Regardless of the treatment method, continuous monitoring is essential. Critical parameters include orthophosphate, dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), total suspended solids, and nitrate.
The Phosphorus Problem: Treatment Options and Process Monitoring Solutions | YSI
Sayantani Ghosh Dissertation
1. Factors Regulating Environmental Transformation of
Organic P – Nutrient Resource Ratio
By Sayantani Ghosh (51444937)
MSc Environmental Microbiology
Supervised by Professor Graeme Paton
2. Introduction
• Phosphorus is the basis of all living forms which cannot be replaced and is a non-renewable resource.
• 90% of global demand for phosphorus is directed to agriculture for its use as fertilizer
in food production.
• The P present in the wastewater is a major threat to the environment.
• Therefore, P recovery from wastewater system is likely to become a sustainable option to meet
current and future P demands in agriculture.
3. Establish the relationship between P transformation and
nutrient resource ratio. The main objective of the work was
manipulation of nutrient resource ratio expecting to notice a
change in P mineralization capacities.
The C:N:P ratio was manipulated to measure the
difference of aryl – phosphatase activity and its
effect on the biomass and pH .
4. Methods
Samples were taken each time to determine the effect of the varied ratio on the aryl-phosphatase activity.
The phosphatase assay was used but in a microtiter plate so that a large number of samples could be
analysed over a short period of time.
Skimmed milk was used as the source of organic P where the inoculum was added and C:N ratio was
varied and placed on the shaker incubator to carry on the experiment.
The samples were also digested by acetic acid and analysed using FIA (flow injection analysis) to
determine the production of PO4
3- .
The cfu and the pH was also calculated to determine its effect.
7. Future prospects
It was seen that the assay could be performed in a microtiter plate if possible modifications are done
accordingly.
In the future, the efficiency of the microtiter plate method can be tested at commercial level and with
wastewater samples.
Comparing the results of different C:N ratios, the appropriate ratio for the maximum activity will be
challenging to determine as the wastewater will have highly varied C:N ratios.
8. ASHLEY, K., CORDELL, D. and MAVINIC, D., 2011. A brief history of phosphorus: From the philosopher’s stone to
nutrient recovery and reuse. Chemosphere, 84(6), pp. 737-746.
References
KARUNANITHI, R., SZOGI, A.A., BOLAN, N., NAIDU, R., LOGANATHAN, P., HUNT, P.G., VANOTTI, M.B.,
SAINT, C.P., OK, Y.S. and KRISHNAMOORTHY, S., Phosphorus Recovery and Reuse from Waste Streams. Advances
in Agronomy, (0).
GATERELL, M., GAY, R., WILSON, R., GOCHIN, R. and LESTER, J., 2000. An economic and environmental
evaluation of the opportunities for substituting phosphorus recovered from wastewater treatment works in existing UK
fertiliser markets. Environmental technology, 21(9), pp. 1067-1084.
TABATABAI, M.A. and BREMNER, J.M., 1969. Use of p-nitrophenyl phosphate for assay of soil phosphatase
activity. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1(4), pp. 301-307.