A final year internship project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and Information Technology awarded by Tribhuvan University

1. TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
TINAU PRABIDHIK COLLEGE
Tillotama-2, Drivertol, Nepal
A Final Year Internship Project Report
On
Sawari - Android Based Ride Sharing Taxi Service
At
Just Ring Pvt. Ltd
[CSC-452]
For the partial fulfillment of Bachelor’s Degree of Computer Science and
Information Technology
Under the Supervision of
Mr. Kamal Siris
Lecturer
Tinau Prabdhik College
Submitted by
Ajaya Dhakal (T.U. Exam Roll No. 6045/71)
Submitted to
Department of Computer Science and Information Technology
Feburary 2019

2. ii
A Final Year Internship Project Report
on
Sawari - Android Based Ride Sharing Taxi Service
at
Just Ring Pvt. Ltd
[Course Code: CSC-452]
A final year internship project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree
of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and Information Technology awarded by Tribhuvan
University
Submitted by
Ajaya Dhakal (T.U. Exam Roll No. 6045/071)
Submitted to
TINAU PRABDHIK COLLEGE
Department of Computer Science
Affiliated to Tribhuvan University
Feb 2019

3. iii
Supervisor Recommendation
I hereby recommend that this internship work under my supervision by Ajaya Dhakal entitled
“Sawari-A Ride Sharing Taxi Service” in partial fulfillment of the requirement for Bachelor's
Degree in Computer Science and Information Technology of Tribhuvan University be processed
for the evaluation.
…………………….
Mr. Kamal Shiris
Internship Supervisor
Tinau Prabidhik College
Butwal, Nepal

4. iv
LETTER OFAPPROVAL
This is to certify that this internship work report prepared by Ajaya Dhakal entitled “ Sawari –
A Ride Sharing Taxi Service” in partial fulfillment of the requirement for Bachelor's Degree in
Computer Science and Information Technology of Tribhuvan University has been well studied. In
our opinion it is satisfactory in the scope and quality as a project for the required degree.
……………………………………….
Kamal Siris [Supervisor]
Lecturer
TinauPrabdhik College
…………………………………………
Madhu Pandey [HOD]
TinauPrabdhik College
…………………………………………..
Binod Sharma[External Examiner]
Assistant Professor
IOST, Tribhuvan University
……………………………………
IOST,Tribhuvan University

5. v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my deepest gratitude and a note of thanks to my highly esteemed guide
Mr.Madhu Pandey, Head of Department of Computer Science. His impeccable guidance and
unfaltering encouragement helped me put in my best effort in the completion of this internship
project. Without his knowledge and tireless support, this project could not be complete. My special
appreciation goes to the immensely esteemed and respected supervisor Mr. Kamal Siris. His timely
support and useful directives has been such a big help during the preparation of this report, without
which again this project would not have been as complete.
I am also grateful to rest of the faculty members of Department of Computer Science and
Information Technology for their constant support and guidance during our academic career,
hence enabling us to build strong foundation for our professional career. I would also like to thank
all non-teaching staff and computer lab staff for their assistance and support.
I also want to thank Mr. Rajan Aryal, CEO and Mr. Bharat Poudel, System Administrator of
Just Ring Pvt. Ltd. for providing me a golden opportunity for completing my internship at their
reputed organization. I would sincerely like to thank Mr. Hemanta Rijal, and Mr. Pharid Ali for
their constant support and guidance during my internship. Lastly, I would like to express my
deepest gratitude to all my friends and others who helped me directly or indirectly during this
project work.
Ajaya Dhakal (T.U. Exam Roll No. 6045/071)

6. vi
Abstract
For four months from Sep 2018 to Jan 2019, I did an internship at Just Ring Pvt. Ltd. the fast
growing Information Technology (IT) firms operating in the country. In just the third year of
inception, Just Ring has established itself as a premium hub for Rails, Android, PHP consulting
and Software Development among startups and mid-sized businesses around the country. The
company primarily uses Ruby on Rails, Android, Laravel coupled with other cutting edge
technology to cater the Information Technology (IT) requirement of businesses and transforms
ideas into successful products. This internship project is a part of my 4-year bachelor program
which I conduct at Tinau Prabdhik College.
The objective of the project is to present an android based application which provides a
communication platform between vehicle owners and passengers. Vehicle owners/non-owners
will be able to post a notice announcing that (s) he has been traveling between some particular
locations regularly or just once, to search a travel-mate in order to reduce the ride costs.
Customer/non-vehicles owner can call any rider available near to pick them up. Sawari uses cell
phones and the internet to supporting integrated public transit and ridesharing.
The application uses firebase as real-time database while android application as client app. Admin
can verify the riders/passengers registration request. Rider can set their destination, pickup request,
view ride history while passenger can rate rider’s service, request pickup location, ride history, set
their profile and see the current fare.

7. vii
Contents
Supervisor Recommendation.........................................................................................................iii
LETTER OF APPROVAL ............................................................................................................ iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.............................................................................................................. v
Abstract.......................................................................................................................................... vi
1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Introduction to Internship................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Background ...................................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Problem Statement ........................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Objective .......................................................................................................................... 3
1.4.1 Objectives of internship program.............................................................................. 3
1.4.2 Objectives of Project................................................................................................. 3
1.4.3 Task based objective................................................................................................. 3
1.5 Brief Introduction of Industry .......................................................................................... 4
1.6 Brief Introduction of Organization................................................................................... 4
1.6.1 About Organization................................................................................................... 5
1.6.2 Company Hierarchy.................................................................................................. 6
1.7 Time Table ....................................................................................................................... 7
2 ANALYSIS OF ACTIVITY DONE....................................................................................... 8
2.1 Internship Placement Details............................................................................................ 8
2.1.1 Organization Selection.............................................................................................. 8
2.1.2 Placement.................................................................................................................. 8
2.1.3 Duration .................................................................................................................... 8
2.2 Literature Review............................................................................................................. 9
3 SYSTEM ANALYSIS.......................................................................................................... 10

8. viii
3.1 Functional Requirement................................................................................................. 10
3.1.1 General application requirements ........................................................................... 10
3.1.2 Regular trips............................................................................................................ 11
3.1.3 Frequent trips .......................................................................................................... 12
3.2 Non-Functional Requirement......................................................................................... 12
3.3 Feasibility Study............................................................................................................. 13
3.3.1 Technical Feasibility............................................................................................... 14
3.3.2 Economic Feasibility .............................................................................................. 14
3.3.3 Legal Feasibility...................................................................................................... 14
3.3.4 Operational Feasibility............................................................................................ 14
3.3.5 Schedule Feasibility................................................................................................ 15
3.4 System Design................................................................................................................ 15
3.4.1 Context Diagram..................................................................................................... 16
3.4.2 Dataflow Diagram................................................................................................... 16
3.4.3 ER- Diagram ........................................................................................................... 18
3.4.4 Use Case Diagram................................................................................................... 19
3.5 Technical Requirements................................................................................................. 21
3.5.1 Hardware Requirements.......................................................................................... 21
3.5.2 Software Requirements........................................................................................... 21
4 IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING ............................................................................... 22
4.1 Testing Strategies ........................................................................................................... 22
4.1.1 Unit testing:............................................................................................................. 22
4.1.2 Integration Testing.................................................................................................. 23
4.1.3 System testing:........................................................................................................ 24
4.1.4 Android compatibility test: ..................................................................................... 24

9. ix
4.1.5 Acceptance testing: ................................................................................................. 24
4.1.6 Test Cases: .............................................................................................................. 25
4.2 SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION.............................................................................. 26
5 RESULT ANALYSIS........................................................................................................... 27
5.1 Result.............................................................................................................................. 27
5.2 Critical Analysis............................................................................................................. 30
5.3 Recommendation to the Organization............................................................................ 31
5.4 Recommendation to the Internship Program.................................................................. 31
6 CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................... 32
7 REFRENCE.......................................................................................................................... 34

10. x
List OF Figures
Figure 1-1: Just Ring Company Hierarchy..................................................................................... 6
Figure 3-1: Context Diagram........................................................................................................ 16
Figure 3-2 DFD Level-1 ............................................................................................................... 16
Figure 3-3: DFD Level-2 .............................................................................................................. 17
Figure 3-4: ER Diagram................................................................................................................ 18
Figure 3-5: Use Case Diagram...................................................................................................... 19
Figure 3-6: Use Case Modules...................................................................................................... 20
Figure 4-1: User Registration........................................................................................................ 22
Figure 4-2: User Profile Setting.................................................................................................... 23
Figure 5-1: Splash Screen............................................................................................................. 28
Figure 5-2: Login Screen .............................................................................................................. 28
Figure 5-3: Customer Map Activity.............................................................................................. 28
Figure 5-4: Navigation Menu........................................................................................................ 28
Figure 5-5: Driver Working.......................................................................................................... 29
Figure 5-6: Profile Setting ............................................................................................................ 29
Figure 5-7: Ride History............................................................................................................... 29
Figure 5-8: Ride Request Accepted .............................................................................................. 29
Figure 7-1: Firebase Database ...................................................................................................... 36
Figure 7-2: Firebase Real-time Database- Driver Available ........................................................ 36

11. xi
List OF Tables
Table 1-1: Time Table OF Intern Period ........................................................................................ 7
Table 2-1: Intern Duration .............................................................................................................. 9
Table 4-1: Test Cases.................................................................................................................... 25

12. xii
LIST OFABBERVIATIONS
DFD Data Flow Diagram
ER Entity Relationship
IDE Integrated Development Environment
IT Information Technology
ITU International Telecommunication Union
JSON JavaScript Object Notation
Pvt.Ltd Private Limited
QA Quality Assurance
UML Unified Modeling Language
XML Extensible Markup Language

13. 1
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction to Internship
The internship program is designed to provide students engaged in a field experience with an
opportunity to share their insights, to explore the links between students' academic preparation and
their field work, and to assist participants in developing and carrying out the major research project
which will serve to culminate their internship experience. Internships are individualized and
tailored to the needs and interests of each student in the program. As part of the internship
experience, students are expected to take an active role in finding an appropriate internship for
themselves (Sukla, 2017).
The internship is done as a partial fulfillment of requirements of the Bachelor’s degree in Computer
Science and Information Technology under Tribhuvan University. The internship is assigned six
credit hours (minimum of ten weeks or 180 hours long) (University, Nov 03 2013) as a part of the
course requirement. An internship is a great way to develop specific skills and knowledge, as well
as make contacts and build confidence. More and more, employers assess the skills and abilities
of prospective employees by evaluating their previous experiences (University., Jan 23 2014).
This internship as per the requirement of the TU for the BSc. CSIT not only fulfils that very
requirement but has also developed me personally by getting myself acquainted with how the
software industry regulates (University, Nov 03 2013). This program has enhanced the skill and
enthusiasms of the students are they get knowledge of the company environments and to learn
different aspects of working mechanism that prevail in the organizations. Every subject learned
during the BSc.CSIT course including Data Structure and Algorithm, Design Analysis and
Algorithm, Database Management System, Data Mining and Data Warehouse, Web Technology,
Distributed Database and others have been well implemented during this internship program.
During this internship period student were introduced to the organizational structure, professional
world, ISO Stands of the organization.

14. 2
1.2 Background
The android market in Nepal is experiencing steady growth. Experts and professionals involved in
this business are taking this growth as a positive aspect of developing awareness related to
information technology in the country. The trend of using mobile phones is also on the rise since
schools, health institutions, clubs and other social groups in far flung areas of the country have
started using mobile phones for day-to-day activities. Government of Nepal recently showed that
the computer penetration in Nepal is around 3 per cent among which 20 per cent uses internet.
With the rise of mobile applications, the internet users in mobile have reached up to 67 per cent
(Rajesh Khanal, 2016-06-14). The knowledge gained from the academics is generally theory
based. The class room knowledge alone cannot provide the working experience that is required to
work in the real-world setting. The real-world working experience can be achieved only through
internship. The theory education from classrooms along with the working experience from
internship can provide competitive advantage in building and shaping professional career in
today's job market. The strong academic background alone cannot indicate whether or not the
person is capable of working in a specific work environment.
The objectives of internship were to test theory based knowledge gained throughout BSc.CSIT
course and to gain knowledge and experience in IT industry.
1.3 Problem Statement
Taxi is an important transportation mode between commercial and private transportation,
delivering millions of passengers to different locations in urban areas. However, the number of
taxi is much less than its demand in peak hours of major cities, due to this many people stand at
roadside waiting for the taxis. To overcome the problem one optimal solution is to increase the
taxis. But it brings some negative effects, e.g., causing additional traffic on the road surface and
more energy consumption, and decreasing taxi driver’s income. To address this issue, we introduce
a ride sharing system that accepts passengers’ real-time ride requests sent from smartphones and
schedules proper taxis to pick up them via taxi sharing with time, capacity, and monetary
constraints.

15. 3
1.4 Objective
1.4.1 Objectives of internship program
The following is a list of some objectives which the internship might fulfill for both the student
and the organization (agency, candidate, interest group, etc.):
1. Provide students the opportunity to relate theory to practice.
2. Give students in-service orientation to a career area they may wish to pursue.
3. Give students opportunity to work in their area of intended specialization.
4. Enhance student’s understanding of organizational and group processes.
5. Enhance student’s awareness of public service obligations.
6. Develop an ongoing relationship between the academic and practitioner community.
7. Provide “apprentice” expertise and a new perspective for organizational operations.
1.4.2 Objectives of Project
The objectives of the project are as follows:
1. To develop a ride sharing app based on android.
2. To develop a real time database that can keep track of users i.e. riders and passengers.
3. To be able to share a ride with users on same destination or request a ride to destination.
4. To make easy navigation of the features as the user expects the easy and effective navigation.
5. To provide information about distance travelled together and share expenses.
6. To solve traffic and transportation problem.
7. To provide user-friendly interface and to automates each and every activity of the manual system
and increase its throughput.
1.4.3 Task based objective
The specific objectives related to the placement of the author are as follows:-
1. To understand about firebase.
2. To understand about how to handle api and show json data.
3. To learn about device fragmentation – analyzing which mobile platform is most feasible in a
given scenario.
4. To develop an application that is easy to use and provides a satisfying user experience from a
layman user’s perspective.

16. 4
5. The profile that company is offering is the first step in developing career.
1.5 Brief Introduction of Industry
Computer Science is the study of principles and practices that underpin an understanding and
modeling of computation, and of their application in the development of computer systems.
At its heart lies the notion of computational thinking: a mode of thought that goes well beyond
software and hardware, and that provides a framework within which to reason about systems and
problems. This mode of thinking is supported and complemented by a substantial body of
theoretical and practical knowledge, and by a set of powerful techniques for analyzing, modelling
and solving problems (Rajesh Khanal, 2016-06-14).
The software industry expanded in the early 1960s, almost immediately after computers were first
sold in mass-produced quantities. Universities, government, and business customers created a
demand for software. Many of these programs were written in-house by full-time staff
programmers. Some were distributed freely between users of a particular machine for no charge.
Others were done on a commercial basis, and other firms such as Computer Sciences Corporation
(founded in 1959) started to grow (Authority, August 30,2018). The computer/hardware makers
started bundling operating systems, systems software and programming environments with their
machines.
The software market in Nepal is experiencing steady growth. Experts and professionals involved
in this business are taking this growth as a positive aspect of developing awareness related to
information technology in the country.
1.6 Brief Introduction of Organization
Just Ring Pvt. Ltd. is a privately owned, professionally managed organization established with an
aim to provide best technological solutions. It is a rapidly growing software company situated in
Butwal-22, Motipur with branch office in Butwal-11, Horizon Chowk offer creative and cost
effective solutions for web-based applications, mobile applications, and mobile QA. Just Ring Pvt.
Ltd. efforts are directed towards creating products that speak about the brand that helps in creating

17. 5
a dominant presence in a market which is already competitive. It uses the combinations of
technologies to create useful services that makes sense.
Just Ring is dedicated to following services:
1. Interactive Web Design
2. Ecommerce
3. Mobile Development
4. Internet Marketing
The expert area for Just Ring lies on:
1. WordPress
2. Laravel
3. Ruby on Rails
4. Android Application
1.6.1 About Organization
Company Profile
Organization : Just Ring
Organization Type : Private Limited
Address : Butwal-22, Motipur
Telephone Number : 9857033550
Email : justringnepal@gmail.com
URL : www.justringnepal.com

18. 6
1.6.2 Company Hierarchy
The organization structure or form of an organization has evolved in order to perform the various
roles of the organization and also to provide the services efficiently and effectively. Mr. Rajan
Joshi is the CEO of Just ring Pvt. Ltd. while Mr. Bharat Poudel is managing director. Organization
is so as organized according to the function they perform to the extent possible so that the company
can run smoothly. It has different departments to facilitate the business process that have good
coordination among each other. While information flow is bi-directional, line of authority is from
top to the bottom.
Figure 1-1: Just Ring Company Hierarchy

19. 7
1.7 Time Table
Start Date Duration Activity
28th
Sep - 5nd
October
7 days Performed Research and prepared content on
different topics on Android application.
5rd
-26th
October
21 days Learnt about Android Studio, Java, XML,Api,
Firebase and other development tools.
28th
October-
4nd
November
8 days Learnt a basic to make a map using google map
API keys.
11th
November - 16th
November
6 days Research on Ride Sharing Taxi Services and
existing Systems.
18th
November - 22th
November
5 days Login and registration Activity and Xml pages
built.
25th
November - 7th
December
13 days Introduced to the Services and Receiver and
Home and Navigation Menu, Fragment Xml and
Activity pages were built.
9th
December - 18st
December
9 days Worked on serve side, firebase and real-time
database was activated with cloud storage
20th December - 28th
December
8 days Every activity pages and Xml pages were made
in Sequence and connected with each other.
30th
December - 4th
January
6 days Testing and Fixing the bug on module.
6th
January
- 9th
January
4 days Integrating to the core module and testing.
10th
January - 20th
January
10 days Bugs were solved with helps of professional
developers
Briefing to the Organization and Mentor.
20th
January - 3th
February
13 days Documentation for the Intern project was
reviewed finalized.
Table 1-1: Time Table OF Intern Period

20. 8
2 ANALYSIS OF ACTIVITY DONE
2.1 Internship Placement Details
2.1.1 Organization Selection
It is very important to select organization that is ideal to the internship objectives under the course
of BSc.CSIT. Internship is the first doorstep towards leading a fulltime professional career, it is
essential to choose an organization that focuses on accessing and further developing an intern’s
skills in context of real time working environment. The four-year degree of BSc. CSIT allows us
to attain knowledge on various aspects of Information Technology. At the same time the internship
is one of the major highlight of the program to expose the students to the professional world.
Among the various criteria and sectors provided to us in internship prerequisite statement, software
development company was chosen. Various organizations were shortlisted and approached out of
which the organization with the best lucrative offer and environment was selected. Just Ring Pvt.
Ltd. which is located in Butwal-22, Motipur, an IT company that offer creative and cost effective
solutions for web-based applications, mobile applications, and mobile QA, and I got selected there.
The company helped me gain wide experience by getting me involved in their projects.
2.1.2 Placement
During the internship tenure, I was provided with work space at the organization, not only that I
was treated as trainee staff with the access to the very information of the organization, its
organizational resources, information and equipment’s.
2.1.3 Duration
Start Date 28th September 2018
End Date 3rd Februrary 2018
Total duration 4 Months and above
Days per week 6
Hours per day 7Hrs (10AM to 5PM)

21. 9
Position Intern , Trainee Android Developer
Mentor Mr. Bharat Poudel
Supervisor Mr. Kamal Siris (Lecturer)
Table 2-1: Intern Duration
2.2 Literature Review
This section involves the extensive research carried out prior to the initiation of project itself. It is
essential for a developer to collect the smallest of information that can provide an insight on the
semantics of project to be undertaken. This section becomes far more unique because it enables
the intern to detail study the user requirement and clearly define the primary objective of the
project. It is very important to note that review should not be simply a description of what others
have published in the form of a set of summaries, but should take the form of a critical discussion,
showing insight and an awareness of differing arguments, theories and approaches.
Ridesharing is not new. It began during World War II. In 1942, the U.S. government required
ridesharing arrangements in workplaces when no other transportation options were available in
order to save rubber during the war (Shaheen, 2012)). In the 1970s, the oil crisis and spike in
gasoline prices encouraged another period of ride sharing. However, today’s ridesharing revolution
was made possible by the development of GPS, smart phone technology, and electronic payments.
In the early 1990s, Kowshik et al. (1993) envisioned a future of ridesharing similar to what exists
today that would use better matching techniques to provide dynamic ridesharing.
The concept of ride-sharing, i.e. users share their ride when their trips match each other in time
and place, is one approach to reduce the number of cars and thereby the negative transportation
related effects. In addition, there are benefits for the individual user, as fuel, tolls and vehicle costs
are shared. Previous studies, in which simulations based on real travel data are performed, have
shown that by ridesharing, the number of cars and the kilometres travelled can be significantly
reduced. Even if there are already several ride-sharing services on the market, ride-sharing is still
no widely-accepted mean of transportation. Research to investigate user behavior and acceptance
of ride-sharing is still limited, especially testing the acceptance of ride-sharing in real-life settings.
This project attempts to make new possibilities of ride-sharing by overcoming barriers of ride-
sharing by making this app online among Nepali market.

22. 10
3 SYSTEM ANALYSIS
The first step of my project consisted of assessing the different available ride sharing applications
in order to come up with requirements along with improvements. Given that Play Store is the
official source of applications of Android, I used their search engine to find carpooling application
by typing the keyword “ride sharing”. A set of similar applications that hold the same icon showed
up in the results. All those applications are from the different company and for different countries,
while some are even multi-nation company. After installing one of this set of applications and
exploring the different features, I found out that it was offering trips between two cities along with
frequent trips. Currently “Pathaoo, Tootle” are working on Nepal offering similar kind of services.
But the problem with them is that they offer their services in Kathmandu, and riders are only
Motorcycle owner. The other apps were similar to the one previously stated. Another app called
Lyft (‘Lyft Shuttle’, MARCH 30, 2017), which service is yet to come in Nepal.
3.1 Functional Requirement
3.1.1 General application requirements
Login
Since all the operations that can be done using the application requires both the driver and
passenger to be logged in, they can use the login forms of either Google Plus or Facebook. For this
matter, the user is prompted to connect the app to his account and then proceed for sign in/up.
After the user authorizes the application to access his social media account, the server retrieves his
info. If he has never logged to the application before, a new account is created for him (Nethala,
Apr 22, 2017).
Modify profile information
All users can modify their profile information. The profile information contain: name, phone
number, email, type/color of car if any. The user can easily edit these information in order to be
contacted and recognized.

23. 11
Social media sharing
In order to attract more users to the application and help users find passengers, users should be
able to share their activity on the application on social media. A suggestion for sharing trips’
creation, trips’ registration or check in should pop-up whenever those previous actions are
performed. The sharing should be authorized by the users and not done automatically by the
application in order not to spam the users’ account and gain the users’ confidence.
Rate driver/passenger
Both the driver and passenger can rate each other in other to gain reputation. The importance of
the rating is to encourage users to be helpful and nice during the trip so that they gain popularity
in the application. It is also a way to ensure users of who can be trusted or not. The ratings represent
a relative guarantee for the users to trust each other.
3.1.2 Regular trips
Create new regular trip
The driver can create a new trip to be displayed when passengers search for trips. The application
will prompt the driver or information of the regular trip which consists of destination, origin,
meeting point ( which can be pointed in a map), departure time/date , estimated arrival time and
traveling preferences (number of free spots, price, size of bags, smoking/non-smoking, pets, stops
…). After providing this information, the user publishes it in order to find passengers. Upon the
creation of the trip, a user can share the trip he just created in social media to find passengers to
drive with.
Search for regular trips and reservation
When a passenger needs to find a driver for a destination, he can use a search form which asks
for destination, origin, departure date/time. He can also specify the travelling preferences. When
he finds a suitable trip, he can reserve a spot easily in by taping a button which will send a
notification to the driver telling him that a passenger has reserved.

24. 12
Check-in trip
Whenever the driver or passenger arrive to the meeting point at the time agreed upon, he can check-
in the meeting point in order to notify the other user and to show his punctuality. The application
will use the devices GPS in order to make sure that the users are in the meeting point. When
somebody checks in, a notification is sent to all the carpoolers saying that somebody is in the
meeting point.
3.1.3 Frequent trips
Add frequent trip
The driver can create a frequent trip where they show the origin and destination, departure and
return times in addition to the frequency (daily and weekly).
Search frequent trips
A passenger can search for a frequent that he can join. The passenger should specify the departing
neighborhood, destination, departure times and frequency. The application will try to match it with
the best trip. If the passenger is satisfied, he can register to the frequent and will be given the
contact of the other members.
3.2 Non-Functional Requirement
a) Performance
The application has to offer a very quick response time as the meeting between the driver and
passengers is done through notifications. In other words, the server should be able to treat
notifications and propagate them instantly. The application should handle 1000 users sending
queries at the same time.

25. 13
b) Scalability
The application should respond properly to a high increase of users. It should be able to handle
from 10 000 users to 100 000 users. And also from 100 000 to one millions users.
c) Extensibility
The application should by extensible in order to support multiple platforms including iOS,
Windows Phone and Web.
d) Availability
Since a lot of information about the trips and check in are available in the application, it has to
be highly available and guarantees a good server up-time. The server should allow only 1 hour
down time per year which is 99.99% up-time.
e) Privacy and Security
The application should ensure the privacy of the users including the trips they take part in, their
social media accounts and their accounts. The login system should also be robust where only
authorized users can post and edit their own information.
f) Maintainability
Since the application may be developed in the future by adding other features, it should be easily
maintainable.
3.3 Feasibility Study
Technical feasibility analyzes if the system will be able to adjust with existing resource or not. It
is an evaluation of the hardware and software and how it meets the need of the proposed system.
The application that is going to be used may not have all the technological resources required to
operate it.

26. 14
3.3.1 Technical Feasibility
Technical feasibility analyzes if the system will be able to adjust with existing resource or not. It
is an evaluation of the hardware and software and how it meets the need of the proposed system.
The application that is going to be used may not have all the technological resources required to
operate it.
It is planned to implement the proposed system using Android with minimum sdk level 16 and
above with targeted level 26 versions of OS. It is evident that the necessary hardware and software
are available for the development and implementation of the proposed system. Hence the solution
is technically feasible.
3.3.2 Economic Feasibility
The application does not require any additional hardware or software. All the developing toolkits
are available free of cost. The only paid service used is firebase. Although for testing and
developing period free plan was used. But when comes to scalability firebase gives pay as you go
option, which is way more cost effective and hence feasible.
3.3.3 Legal Feasibility
As some of the similar ride sharing services are already available in the market. And after studying
them we are sure what rules to follow and what legal issues are to be sorted out which laws and
policies are to be maintained. This test of feasibility checks if the system works with least
difficulties when it is developed and installed. Hence it is concluded that the system is
operationally feasible.
3.3.4 Operational Feasibility
Operational feasibility concerns on how it satisfies the requirements identified in the requirements
analysis phase of system development. It is a measure of how well a proposed system solves the
problems, and takes advantage of the opportunities identified during scope definition and how it
satisfies the requirements identified in the requirements analysis phase of system development.

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3.3.5 Schedule Feasibility
A project will fail if it takes too long to be completed before it is useful. Typically this means
estimating how long the system will take to develop and if it can be completed in a given time
period using some methods like payback period.
3.4 System Design
In order to ensure a high availability and increased performance, the backbone of the application
is composed of a firebase as servers and real-time database. It handles the responsibility of
distributing the work load over the servers on its own. The Firebase service also facilitates
scalability as we can add as many servers (scaling out) as we want if we have an increase of user.
Actually, a second load balancer is available in case one of them encounters a failure. At the level
of the Enterprise Information System tier, a primary database receive the different queries for data
persistence and access. It also replicates all the data on a secondary back-up database. Both
databases exchange heartbeats in order for each one to know if the other is up and working. The
second database will take over the operations, in case the primary one fails. In this way we are sure
that data is redundant to avoid data loss and that a database is always available and working.
The firebase server side exposes a RESTful API that will be consumed by our android client. This
answer the extensibility requirement as any device can consume those services. The data
exchanged is formatted using JSON. The client tier is implemented using Android. The Android
application communicates with the server using TSL to ensure the privacy of the user.
The work of defining the data flow in the system plays a major role in the performance and the
robustness of the system. The overall data flow in the system is designed and represented through
context diagram and DFD diagram.
System design for the project included the logical design of the application. Logical design pertains
to an abstract representation of the data flows, inputs and outputs of the system. This is often
conducted via modeling, using an abstract and graphical model of the actual system .An example
of logical design is the ER Diagram i.e. Entity Relationship Diagram.

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3.4.1 Context Diagram
Figure 3-1: Context Diagram
Above figure shows the context diagram of “Sawari-A Ride Sharing Taxi Service”. The main
processing system i.e. “Sawari App” is shown in the circle which is located at the center. The user
interacts with the application to access new information. The application itself communicates with
the firebase via web service whenever the internet is available.
3.4.2 Dataflow Diagram
Figure 3-2 DFD Level-1

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Figure 3-3: DFD Level-2
The data flow diagram (DFD) is a tool for drawing a model or picture of a system. It illustrates the
flow of data and work through the system. In figure 5 the data flow diagram of the system is shown
illustrating the flow of data and work throughout system. The Data input and manipulation system
along with the Data retrieval and display system are the two sub levels in the level 2 DFD of the
system.

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3.4.3 ER- Diagram
The figure 6 shows the basic design of the database of Estate Wheel. In figure, there are four main
entities, Customer, Driver, Vehicle, Trip. Customer and Driver has many to many relationship
with each other .Customer has many to many relationship with vehicle while vehicle has many to
one relationship with trip and so on
Figure 3-4: ER Diagram

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3.4.4 Use Case Diagram
Figure 3-5: Use Case Diagram

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Figure 3-6: Use Case Modules

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3.5 Technical Requirements
3.5.1 Hardware Requirements
 Personal Computer/ Laptop
 Android Mobile Device
3.5.2 Software Requirements
 Platform : Windows /Linux
 Programming Language : JAVA
 Integrated Development Environment (IDE) : Android Studio with SDK
 Android Emulator: Genymotion
 UI design : XML
 Database: Firebase

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4 IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING
The implementation process followed an iterative process in both the server and client side. After
writing all the source code and fixing all the major bugs (some of the bug fixing in this project
required some professional help), “Sawari” was ready to be tested. During the development
process, each and every step of code writing process and output of the code was tested on Android
virtual device. After testing the application successfully on the virtual device, the application was
then tested on the Android mobile device.
The android system developed in this project is installed on Genymotion emulator and on VIVO
Y81 on testing. A while firebase with STARK plan was used for real-time database and storage
purpose.
4.1 Testing Strategies
4.1.1 Unit testing:
Unit testing is the testing of an individual unit or group of related units. In unit testing each form
was tested individually to verity that they work as intended. In computer programming, unit testing
is a method by which individual units of source code, sets of one or more computer program
modules together with associated control data, usage procedures, and operating procedures are
tested to determine if they are fit for use [19].First up all each module was divided into smaller
modules known as units. The developed units were tested individually to ensure it meets its
intended requirements.
Test Case: To check whether the user is created using email using firebase SDK helper.
Test Data: User signed up with encrypted password and unique userID.
Results:
Figure 4-1: User Registration

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4.1.2 Integration Testing
When integrating the developed component with previous other component of the system new
properties may emerge. Each of the elements was developed as a module. Testing in which
software components, hardware components, or both together are combined and tested to evaluate
interactions between them. System integration involves identifying clusters of components that
deliver some system functionality and integrating these by adding code that makes them work
together.
Test Case: To check whether the user’s information is fetched after changing profile.
Test Data: User set their profile.
Result
Figure 4-2: User Profile Setting

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4.1.3 System testing:
The system was tested to ensure that the goal had been attained and rectification was done as per
the requirement. The system was tested in both Genymotion emulator and on the real android.
4.1.4 Android compatibility test:
After the system was tested, the system was run on android mobile phone to ensure that the system
runs well and correctly. The size of the images, buttons and texts were also corrected during the
compatibility test.
Test Case: To check whether the application run on different android devices, with different api
level.
Test Data: Application was installed and run on different devices
 Vivo Y81
 Samsung J5 prime
 Samsung A7
 Redmi Note 5
 Gionee A1
 Pocofone F1
 Honor 8x
 Vivo Y85
Result: App run smoothly on all devices
4.1.5 Acceptance testing:
The codes were regularly sent to the Quality Assurance Team for testing each prototype being
developed and regular discussions were held to access the situation and have any changes
incorporated in the system immediately. For acceptance of testing, the developed system had been
executed by showing the finished android application to the supervisor and other employees from
which their feedback were collected, studied and analyzed carefully.

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4.1.6 Test Cases:
S. No. Case Actual
Input
Actual Output Remark
1 Sign In Email:aazaydhakal@gmail.com
Pass:ajay123
Sign In
Successful
Pass
2 Sign In Email:aazaydhakal@gmail.com
Pass:jaffh1287
Sign In Failed Pass
3 SignIn using
Drivers id on
Riders portal
Email:aazaydhakal@gmail.com
Pass:ajay123
App Crashed Failed
4 Requesting
Ride from
passenger id
Request Sawari Moto Rider Found,
With rider info
Pass
5 Enabling
working
toggle in
driverpage
Button Toggled Drivers
available on
firebase
database.
Pass
6 Profile
Updated
Username and profile pic
updated
Successfully
updated
Pass
7 Accepting
Ride on
drivers side
Request accepted Passenger
notified of
rider accepting
request
Pass
8 Payment
Calculation
After ride ended payment is
checked.
Payment due
of trip is
shown
Pass
Table 4-1: Test Cases

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4.2 SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION
For software implementation, the android development tools were needed. The coding was done
on Android Studio IDE and android Firebase was used for server and database. The developed
application was turned into an ‘signed-apk’ file. These ‘signed-apk’ file is installed in android
mobile phone. After installing the ‘apk’ file, the application was checked if they would work well
as per the requirement and specification.

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5 RESULT ANALYSIS
5.1 Result
After a ridiculous number of lines of code, hunting the nightmares of bugs our app was finally
ready. At the end of the nearly four months, with the help of android developers I was able to finish
the Phase 1 of the android system along with firebase real-time database. The system is up and
running and is being considered to be in beta mode. After a lot of efforts and learnable mistakes,
the project successfully deployed before the deadline. Our application provides the users (vehicle
owner/non-owner) to share a ride in real-time with those who are moving along on the same
destination hence sharing expenses and socializing and helping the needy one, with solving traffic
problem and also helping on environmental benefit.
Following are the main results of the project:
 It is a user-friendly application.
 Provides the real time ride request and ride available.
 Users can select the location as their wish. Information related to those selected location
are only shown to the user.
 The application uses a Google Map API to get the information, direction of places from
where the request is made.
 The app saves user information and ride history and other details in saved preference for
offline use while all data are being saved on firebase cloud storage and real-time database.
 Splash screen has been implemented till the time app takes to communicate with server.
The screenshots of application features can be seen below:

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Figure 5-1: Splash Screen
Figure 5-2: Login Screen
Figure 5-3: Customer Map Activity
Figure 5-4: Navigation Menu

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Figure 5-5: Driver Working
Figure 5-6: Profile Setting
Figure 5-7: Ride History
Figure 5-8: Ride Request
Accepted

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5.2 Critical Analysis
Drivers and passengers offer and search for journeys through one of the several mediums available.
After finding a match they contact each other to arrange any details for the journey’s. Costs,
meeting points and other details like space for luggage are agreed on. They then meet and carry
out their shared car journey’s as planned.
On the basis of research various requirements of the system were extracted, analyzed and finalized.
The finalized requirements were used to develop a android application that follows the information
and provide the opportunity to share a ride. The development was carried out systematically
through various diagrams and designs including architectural, modular, procedural, data and
interface design (Graziotin, 3 Jun 2013). Different development tools were used to develop the
application. From the research it is found that the two ride sharing services “Tootle, Pathaoo”
provides ride sharing in Nepal. Some complexities in ridesharing are:
Flexibility - Carpooling can struggle to be flexible enough to accommodate in route stops or
changes to working times/patterns. One survey identified this as the most common reason for not
carpooling (Kumar, 2005). To counter this some schemes offer 'sweeper services' with later
running options, or a 'guaranteed ride home' arrangement with a local taxi company.
Reliability - If a carpooling network lacks a "critical mass" of participants, it may be difficult to
find a match for certain trips. The parties may not necessarily follow through on the agreed-upon
ride. Several internet carpooling marketplaces are addressing this concern by implementing online
paid passenger reservation, billed even if passengers do not turn up.
Riding with strangers - Concerns over security have been an obstacle to sharing a vehicle with
strangers, though in reality the risk of crime is small. (Dallmeyer, 1976-02-04)One remedy used
by internet carpooling schemes is reputation systems that flag problematic users and allow
responsible users to build up trust capital, such systems greatly increase the value of the website
for the user community.
Overall efficacy - Though carpooling is officially sanctioned by most governments, including
construction of lanes specifically allocated for car-pooling, some doubts remain as to the overall
efficacy of carpool lanes. As an example, many car-pool lanes, or lanes restricted to car-pools
during peak traffic hours, are seldom occupied by car-pools in the traditional sense. Instead, these
lanes are often empty, leading to an overall net increase in fuel consumption as freeway capacity

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is intentionally contracted, forcing the solo-occupied cars to travel slower, leading to reduced fuel
efficiency. Further, many of the vehicles are occupied by passengers that would nevertheless
consist of multiple passengers, for example a parent with multiple children being escorted to
school.
5.3 Recommendation to the Organization
Just RIng Pvt. Ltd. has furnished me with all the necessary help and support which is really worth
mentioning. However, there are few of the things to be recommended. The various equipment’s
necessary for the internship work should be made easily available to the internees. As the internees
have only theoretical knowledge, the organization should understand that they need time to time
guidance and supervision. As the caterpillar struggles to change into butterfly so are the internees
who are still students struggling to change into professionals. Hence, the internees may be treated
as the professional workers of the organization, but they are still students learning to gain practical
knowledge as they lack real world knowledge and practical implementation of the theoretical
knowledge that they have gained in the academic institute.
5.4 Recommendation to the Internship Program
The university has put great effort to include various courses that would help in the real world
working environment. However, still lots of efforts are to be made because the current courses and
knowledge gained in the college is still not sufficient enough to work in the practical environment.
The university must execute some research and studies to select the courses that fulfill the current
market requirements that would help the students to qualify themselves in the practical
implications as well

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6 CONCLUSION
This ride sharing application is an application that complies to the enterprise class application
principles. It is designed to be performing, scalable, extensible, and highly available. It also ensures
the privacy of the users’ data and secures its access. Given that it may be improved in many ways,
the application is also easily maintainable. The result achieved in this project is a working Android
application and server that perform the requirements stated in this document. It is still not ready to
be deployed on the Play Store for the public. The main reason is that the application is still on beta
phase.
The constraint that should have been considered is that developing a server and an Android
application demand a lot of work. This should be considered in the time allowed for each one of
these activities. Due to this lack of time, firebase was used as the server side which handles a lot
of things a lot easier, many things can be improved in the present application. This includes a better
user interface with more attractive styles. Also, adding more support for authentication systems
can be an improvement.
This application would help the process of creation of instant ride sharing events. This system uses
the resources and sent messages to the users as per their location. The system will save money
reduce traffic congestion, help to save environment as well as reduce stress. This system is
beneficial all three user (rider), administrator and retailer (businessman). Thus, we successfully
reduced the long conversations needed for normal ride sharing events. In future, more functionality
can be added to make this application more robust and more feature rich. With the advent of smart
phones, this application, when developed to its fullest, would be able for all to use and make their
journeys much more enjoyable and comfortable.
During the internship I could contribute independently to ongoing research projects. Programming
tutorials but especially explanations from my tutor and other colleagues helped me improving the
following programming skills:
 programming in java (basics, file I/O, xml parsing, argument handling, regular expression
handling, understanding data structures while playing with java) programming in java.
The goal of this internship was to develop Android mobile application. Which could interact with
firebase server to provide real-time data interaction. These goals have been successfully achieved

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on completion of this project. The project was tested on both Android emulator and Android
mobile device. The application ran smoothly and the UI components responded as expected.
Apart from the improvement of specialized skills, I gained experience in everyday working life.
In the beginning of the internship I could inform the colleagues about my interests and about what
I have done so far. I could always propose my own ideas and got constructive criticism. The
colleagues were open to answer any type of technical questions, but also questions concerning the
free time and everyday life.

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7 REFRENCE
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Caulfield, B. (October 2009). Estimating the environmental benefits of ride-sharing: A case study
. Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment .
Conner-Simons, A. (January 4, 2017). How ride-sharing can improve traffic, save money, and help
the environment. mit.com.
Craig Donovan and Jim Garnett. ( January, 2010). Internship for Duminies, Center Garland Hall,
1-2 page .
Dallmeyer, K. E. (1976-02-04). "Hitchhiking: a Viable Addition to a Multimodal Transportation
System: Prepared for National Science Foundation, 1975".
Farah, M. H. (May 2018 ). Mobile Application for Ride Sharing Service.
Graziotin, D. (3 Jun 2013). An Analysis of issues against the adoption of Dynamic Carpooling.
Gunawardena, M. (2014-4-2). Build signed APK file with Android Studio.
Islam, T. (Aug 10, 2018). System Analysis of Ride Sharing application api and Practical
Experience.
Khatri, S. (Mar 16 '17 at 9:56). Git Solutions.
Kumar, R. ( 2005). Research Methodology. A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners, 2nd Edition,
Singapore, Pearson Education.
Nethala, A. (Apr 22, 2017). How to implement navigation drawer in your android app.
medium.com.
Puffelen, F. v. (Sep 2 '18 at 14:39). Good way firebase database structure in order to get those
sorted by dates? stackoverflow.com.
Rajesh Khanal, P. R. (2016-06-14). Mobile subscriptions outnumber population.
kathmandupost.com.
Shaheen, C. a. (2012). History On ride sharing.
Sukla, R. (2017). Internship . https://www.csit.gov.np/internships-scholarships/internships.
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Thomas Vanoutriveab, E. D. (2011.11.006). What determines carpooling to workplaces : location,
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University, T. (Nov 03 2013). 8th Semester Syllabus. Internet: www.csitnepal.com.
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Figure 7-1: Firebase Database
Figure 7-2: Firebase Real-time Database- Driver Available