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- 1. SPACE ELEVATORS PRESENTED BY- SATISH KUMAR M.TECH(2nd sem.) IIT BHU VARANASI
- 2. Contents • Introduction • History • Importance • Working • Components • Power source • Challenges and solution • Advantages • Future
- 3. Introduction • Space elevators are incredibly tall structures that stretch beyond the earth’s atmosphere to transport satellites and shuttles into outer space without much cost and environmental impact of rocket fueled launcher.
- 4. PAST OF SPACE ELEVATORS 1960: Artsutanov, a Russian scientist first suggests the concept in a journal. 1999: NASA holds first workshop on space elevators after the discovery of carbon nanotubes. 2012: Obayashi Corporation announced that by 2050 it could build a space elevator using carbon nanotube technology
- 5. Why build it ? CURRENT Cost of a launch is US$22,000 per kg Huge vibrations produced and rocket fuel and hardware required which can’t be reused . Air pollution due to explosion. ELEVATOR Cost of launch US$600 per kg. Less vibrations produced and less hardware required and can be used almost every day for space travel. No air pollution.
- 6. Working
- 7. Continue.. • Ribbon would stretch to a small counterweight approximately 62,000 miles (100,000 km) into space due to rotation of earth about its own axis • Mechanical lifters attached to the ribbon would then climb the ribbon, carrying cargo and humans into space using different mechanisms.
- 8. Continue…
- 9. Main Components The Ribbon The Anchors The Climbers The Power source
- 10. Ribbon • This ribbon composed of thousands of 20-micro diameter fibers made of carbon nanotube in a composite matrix”.
- 11. Why Carbon nanotubes? • They are at least 1000 times stronger than steel rods of same size. • they are as flexible as steel. • Light in weight(one sixth of same size of steel ).
- 12. Continue… • The Young’s modulus has been computed to be on the order of 1.2 Terra Pascal which is 6.25 times that of steel
- 13. Anchor Anchor station is a mobile, ocean-going platform identical to ones used in oil drilling. Anchor is located in eastern equatorial pacific . Weather and mobility are primary factors.
- 14. Climbers
- 15. Continue… Climbers built with current satellite technology. Drive system built with DC electric motors or by solid fuel like nuclear fuel rod. 7-ton climbers carry 13-ton payloads. Climbers ascend at 200 km/hr. 8 day trip from Earth to geosynchronous altitude.
- 16. Power Source 1. Transfer the energy to the climb through wireless energy transfer while it is climbing. 2. Store the energy in the climber before it starts – requires an extremely high specific energy such as nuclear energy. 3. Solar power – power compared to the weight of panels limits the speed of climb.
- 17. Challenges and solutions Low earth orbit objects could potentially damage or cut the cable that the space elevator is using. Lightning, wind, clouds: avoid through proper anchor location selection. political impact of creating a space elevator(If the space elevator’s anchor station is situated in international waters.
- 18. Technical Budget Component Cost Estimate (US$) Launch costs to GEO 1.0B Ribbon production 400M Climbers 370M Power beaming stations 1.5B Anchor station 600M Tracking facility 500M Other 430M Contingency (30%) 1.6B TOTAL ~6.9B Costs are based on operational systems or detailed engineering studies.
- 19. Advantages • Low operations costs - US$250/kg to LEO, GEO. • Advantageous for Moon, Mars, Venus belts. • No pollution. • No launch vibrations.
- 20. Future scope • A Japanese company, called Obayasi Corporation, recently announced that they will make fully working space elevator by the year 2050. • Engineering development centers in the U.S., Spain and Netherlands are under development. • Material development efforts are underway by private industry.
- 21. THANK YOU!!