Detailed data for Projecting when required about Solar Impulse

1. Presented By:
MANSOOR SHAH TUGLAK KHAN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING( 3rd year)
Kashi Institute of Technology
Mirzamurad, Varanasi

2.  SOLAR ENERGY
• Every day the earth receives thousands of times more energy from the
sun than is consumed in all other resources.
• If a 140x140 mile parcel of land in Arizona was covered with solar
cells, the electricity needs of the entire United States could be met.
• The sunlight falling on a typical house can provide from 1/3 to 1/2 of
the heating needs of that house.
• Today solar energy accounts for only 1% of the total renewable energy
consumed in the United States
INTRODUCTION

3. HOW SOLAR ENERGY IS USED
• We can use solar energy by converting it to electrical energy . So we must use a
device called solar panels which can convert the light energy into electrical energy.
• Solar panel is a group of solar cells.
• Solar cells works on the principle of photoelectric effect.
PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT
When a light of certain frequency falls on the surface of a metal , electrons will
absorb the energy . If incident light energy is greater than the work
function(minimum energy required to remove the loosely bound valence
electrons)of the metal ,then the photo electrons will be emitted and the excess
energy is converted to the kinetic energy of electron.

4. WORKING OF SOLAR CELL’S
 When solar panels are placed in the sunlight , photons will strike the
surface and emits electrons.
• As a result electron hole pair is created in the solar cell.
• When external circuit is connected to the solar cell , electrons flow in
the circuit and the current is generated.

5. COMING BACK TO MAIN THEME
SOLAR
IMPULSE
NEED IDEA PLANNING
SOLAR
PLANE

6. Solar plane is an aircraft that runs on electric
motors rather than internal combustion
engines, with electricity coming from solar
cells or batteries in absence of sunlight.
SOLAR PLANE

7. SUNRISE 1
 Launched on November 4,1974
 Wingspan-9.76m
 Weight-12.25 kg
 Power out-450W
 No. of Solar cells-4096
 Unmanned flight
 Developed by R.J. Boucher from Astre Flight Inc.
GOSSAMER PENGUIN
 Launched on August 7,1980
 Developed at a NASA research center
 Solar and man powered flight
 Manned flight
HISTORY

8. SOLAR CHALLENGER
 Launched on 7,1981
 Wingspan-14.2m
 No.of solar cells-16128
 Developed by MacCready’s DuPont
 Crossed English Channel in 5hrs and 23min’s
 No energy storage onboard
PATHFINDER
 Launched on September 11,1995
 Wingspan-30m
 Altitude-21,802m
 Unmanned flight
CONTD…

9. HELIOUS
 Launched on July 26,2003
 Altitude-96,863ft
 Crashes into Pacific ocean
GLOBAL OBSERVER
 Launched on May 27,2005
 Wingspan-50ft
 Flies on liquid Hydrogen
 Aim to cruise globe using Solar power
CONTD…

10. SoLong
 Launched on June 3,2005
 Developed by AC propulsion
 Wingspan-4.75m
 Weight-11.5 kg
SOLAR IMPULSE
 Launched on June 26,2009
 Wingspan-63.4m
 Loaded weight-1600kg
 Endurance-36hours
 Solar cells-11.628 monocrystalline silicon
 Manned flight
CONTD…

11.  Solar impulse is a solar plane intended to run solely on solar energy.
 The 70million Euro project is being promoted by Swiss Balloonist
Bertrand Piccard.
 This is only airplane of perpetual endurance .
 A single-seat monoplane powered by photovoltaic cells.
 Can fly day and night without a drop of fuel .
 Carries ultra efficient solar cells which power the propellers.
 The first prototype of the aircraft .HB-SIA ,was unveiled on 26 June 2009.
 The aircraft ,bearing the Swiss aircraft registration code of HB-SIA.
 It is capable of taking off under its own power and intended to remain
airborne upto 36hrs.
SOLAR IMPULSE

12. Timeline
 2003: Feasibility study at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
 2004–2005: Development of the concept
 2006: Simulation of long-haul flights
 2006–09: Construction of first prototype (HB-SIA; Solar Impulse 1)
 2009: First flight of Solar Impulse 1
 2009–11: Manned test flights
 2011–12: Further test flights through Europe and North Africa
 2011–13: Construction of second prototype (HB-SIB; Solar Impulse 2)
 2013: Continental flight across the US by Solar Impulse 1 (Mission Across America)
 2014: First flight of Solar Impulse 2
 2015–2016: Circumnavigation of the Earth by Solar Impulse 2, conducted in twelve stages
over two years
SOLAR IMPULSE TIMELINE

13.  Crew: 1
 Length: 21.85 m (71.7 ft)
 Wingspan: 63.4 m (208 ft)
 Height: 6.40 m (21.0 ft)
 Wing area: 11,628 photovoltaic cells rated at 45 kW peak: 200 m2 (2,200 sq ft)
 Aspect ratio: 19.7
 Loaded weight: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb)
 Max. takeoff weight: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb)
 Powerplant : 4 × electric motors, 4 x 21 kWh lithium-ion batteries (450 kg), providing 7.5 kW
(10 HP) each
 Propeller diameter: 3.5 m at 200 to 400 rpm (11 ft)
 Take-off speed: 35 kilometer’s per hour (22 mph)
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

14.  Cruise speed: 70 kilometres per hour (43 mph)
 Endurance: 36 hours (projected)
 Service ceiling: 8,500 m (27,900 ft) with a maximum altitude of 12,000
metres (39,000 ft)
PERFORMANCE

15.  Airframe
 Controls
 Electronics Onboard
 Power generation and storage
 Power plant
AIRCRAFT SYSTEM

16.  The wing and stabilizers spars are made of a sandwich
structure.
 The honeycomb structure is a paper structure
impregnated with a Torlon AL10 polymer by a dipping
process
 This complex composite structure combines excellent
mechanical properties with an incredible light weight.
 Composite materials make the aircraft light
 There are 120 carbon-fibres ribs placed at 50cm intervals
throughout the frame.
 Cockpit is light weight,stable and of optimal insulating
values of ambient temperature
AIRFRAME

17.  Ailerons and rudder controls are made with manual control
mechanism to reduce overall weight and power consumption.
 Aircraft controls consist of joystick ,which operates the elevator
and ailerons ,the rudder bar(pedals)which control the rudder and
four engine power control levers
CONTROLS

18.  The HB-SIA carries electronics flight information system(EFIS) to fly
for long periods
 There main functions are:
 To convey the power supplied by the solar generators to the engines and the batteries.
 To communicate the necessary information to the pilot for controlling the airplane
 To provide real-time information to the Mission team which is following the aircraft’s flight
path and behavior from the ground.
 Power management, computer control entire solar cells, batteries,engine
chain,speedometer,compass
 External cameras, transmitters and Omega instruments
ELECTRONICS ONBOARD

19. POWER GENERATION AND STORAGE
• The aircraft receives 1000 w/m2 irradiance
• Over the day it averages at 250w
• Total 200m2 of photovoltaic cells
• 12% total efficiency of the propulsion chain
• 11628 ultra-thin monocrystalline silicon cells
• 150micro thickness and layered on the upper surfaces of the
wings and horizontal stabilizer
• MPPTs optimizes power production and regulates battery
charging .

20.  HB-SIA has four propellers
engines .
 Powered by 100kg Li-ion
batteries
 The twin-blade propellers have
a 3.5m diameter.
 Maximum power of 10hp
 The rotation speed of propeller
200rpm and 4000rpm
POWER PLANT

21.  HB-SIA became the first solar-powered airplane in history capable
of flying through a complete daylight cycle.
 Solar airplanes are unlikely ever to carry 300 passengers, but it is a
symbol that affects all of us in future 
CONCLUSION

22. THANK YOU