Satellite Telecommunications Overview - Satellite history began in 1911 with the concept of radio propagation through space. Major milestones include the first geostationary satellite theory in 1945 and launches of early satellites by the US and USSR in the late 1950s. The first communication satellite was launched in 1960. - Satellites can be in low, medium, or geostationary orbits. Geostationary satellites orbit at 35,800 km and provide fixed coverage areas. Services include mobile communication, navigation, weather monitoring, and television broadcasting. - VSAT systems use small satellite dishes under 3 meters for fixed satellite services. Different frequency bands such as C-band and Ku-band are used depending on antenna size and coverage

1. Satellite Telecommunications
Overview
Ali Mohseni Ahouei
a.ahouei@gmail.com

2. Satellite History
VSAT
Satellite Technologies
Main Concept
Content

3. Satellite History
•1911 The Initiate Concept of Radio Propagation through Space
• 1945 The first theory of Geostationary Satellites(GEO)
• 1957 Spotnik-1 Pioneer of Satellite Competition lunched by Russia.(LEO)

4. Satellite History
• The First introduction of Telecom Communication via Satellite by USA
•1960 The First Military Satellite Lunched by USA
•1960 Echo-1 The first passive Satellite lunched by USA.(LEO)

5. Satellite History
• Close competition between USA & USSR during 1958~1961
• The First Britain-Canadian Satellite lunched in 1962
•1962 The birth of first Telstars, a Cooperation among AT&T, Bell Telephone
Laboratories, NASA, the British General Post Office, and the French National PTT
(Post, Telegraph & Telecom Office) (LEO)

6. Satellite History
• 1962 Syncom1 as a first lunched Geo Satellite By USA was Introduced to the
world but lost on the way.
•1963 Syncom2 finally lunched in Geo Orbit
Syncom 2
Television pictures were broadcast via satellite
for the first time with NHK providing the globe
with the pictures and sound of the 1964 Tokyo
Games. The pictures were taken live in Tokyo
and could be seen simultaneously via the
Syncom III satellite in more than 20 U.S. states
and Canada.

7. Satellite History
VSAT
Satellite Technologies
Main Concept

8. What is the Satellite
In the context of spaceflight, a satellite is an
object which has been placed into orbit by
human endeavor Such objects are sometimes
called artificial satellites to distinguish them
from natural satellites such as the Moon.
They are located in 3 orbits:
LEO: Low Earth Orbit.
MEO: Medium Earth Orbit
GEO: Geostationary Earth Orbit

9. LEO Satellites & Services
•Located at the distance of 400-1600 Km
Satellites:
•SkyBridg
•Iridium
•Globalsta
•Orbcom
Services:
•Mostly for Satellite Mobile Communication
(GSM Over Satellite) due to the shorter distance
and shorter delay

10. MEO Satellites & Services
•Located at the distance of 8000-16000 Km
•More coverage and delay
Satellites:
•Akebono
•Alouette 2
•Navstar
Services:
•Mostly for Navigation. Global Positioning
System(GPS).
•At list 3 satellites are needed to get Long & Lat

11. Geostationary Satellites & Services
• All Geo Satellites Located On the Equator line
(Latiyude always is 0°) at the distance of
35800Km.
•Most of the Weather & Communication Satellites
lunched into Geo Orbit
•Their rotation is fixed as the Earth revolving 0.5s Delay

12. Geostationary Satellites & Services
•Each satellite covers 40% of the Earth
•Theoretically 3 geostaionary satellites provides
100% earth coverage
Satellites:
•HotBird
•Badr
•NileSat
•EuroBird
•Eutelsat

13. Satellite Services
MSS Mobile Satellite Services
FSS Fixed Satellite Services
DBS Digital Broad Cats Services
TSS Telecommunication Satellite Services
We aim to analyze FSS

14. BW Fragment
Transponder
Virtual division of
Bandwidth over satellite
Amplifier and translator
NEWskies-NSS6
Polarization
Cross-Pol
V: Vertical
H: Horizontal
C: Co-Pol

15. Beams
Satellite Footprint
A spot beam,
in telecommunications parlance,
is a satellite signal that is
specially concentrated in power

16. Point a Satellite Dish
Satellite Positioning & Pointing
20.3°w
0°N
115°E
0°N
Hotbird
13°E
0°N
Meridian
0°
0°
Example:
Longitude Of Tehran:
51° E
If you are going to point
on Hotbird:
51°- 13°= 38°E
38°E

17. Point a Satellite Dish
Satellite Positioning & Pointing
Example:
If you are in Tehran and going
to point on Hotbird:
Elevation must be : 32.5°
38°E
32.5°
X
Y
Arc tan(Y/X)>32.5°Arc tan(Y/X)<32.5°

18. Satellite History
VSAT
Satellite Technologies
Main Concept

19. VSAT(Very Small Aperture Terminal)
VSAT:Dish antenna that is smaller than 3 meters

20. Frequency Bands

21. C band
Frequency Bands
L band 1 to 2 GHz
S band 2 to 4 GHz
C band 4 to 8 GHz
X band 8 to 12 GHz
Ku band 12 to 18 GHz
K band 18 to 26.5 GHz
Ka band 26.5 to 40 GHz
λ= C/f
Ku band
<5m
<5m
>3m
>3m

22. Satellite History
VSAT
Satellite Technologies
Main Concept

23. Satellite Access Technology
SCPC / SCPC
TDM / TDMA
MF-TDMA
DVB
DVB/SCPC
DVB-RCS
MCPC / PDMA

24. Satellite Access Technology
SCPC / SCPC

25. Satellite Access Technology
TDM / TDMA
Remote 2
Remote 1
Remote3
R1
R3
R2
R1
R1
R2
R2
R3
R3
Hub

26. Satellite Access Technology
Remote 3
Remote 1
Remote 4
Hub
Remote 2
MF-TDMA

27. Satellite Access Technology
DVB/SCPC
Hub
Remote 2
Remote 3
Remote 1

28. Satellite Access Technology
Remote 3
Remote 1
Remote 4
Hub Remote 2
DVB/RCS

29. Satellite Access Technology
MCPC/PDMA

30. Thanks!