2. THE STUDY OF THE PAST -
ARCHAEOLOGY
Archaeology is the study
of the past through the
things that people made,
used, and left behind. The
purpose of archaeology is
to understand how people
from the past lived and
what they were like.
who study archaeology are
called archaeologists.
PICTURE COURTESY: KEELADI – SIVAGANGAI,
TAMILNADU
4. WHAT ARE MONUMENTS ?
WHAT ARE
MONUMENTS ?
A building, statue or
a place that is built
to remind people of
a famous person or
event and has
historical
importance.
5.
6. SNEAK-PEAK INTO THE
CHAPTER
◦ LESSON IS BASED ON DIALOGUES BETWEEN FOUR
PEOPLE ON A FIELD TRIP TO GOLCONDA FORT.
◦ LESSON INCLUDES: EXTERNAL LOOKS, INSIDE THE FORT,
THE SULTAN’S PALACE, ARMY AND WEAPONS USED IN
ATTACKS, PROTECTING THE MONUMENT, LOOK INTO
THE MUSEUM
◦ ACTIVITIES AND QUESTIONS FOR CLEAR
UNDERSTANDING.
LETS JOIN THE JOURNEY!
7. Introduction to Forts
India is considered as a land of the forts.
There had been many leaders in India who
were brave and very much skillful.
They had constructed many castles or
forts.
These forts have magnificent high level of
engineering and architecture.
They attract a large number of tourists
every year.
8. Features of a fort
1. Building Materials
2. Walls
3. Gate
4. Burj (Bastion)
5. Gardens
6. Mahal
7. Water Supply
8. Worship places
10. GOLCONDA FORT
NAME : GOLCONDA
MEANING: SHEPHERD’S HILL
A fortified citadel and an early
capital city of the Qutb
Shahi dynasty(1512–1687)
LOCATION : HYDERABAD,
TELENGANA
FAMOUS FOR : DIAMONDS,
TRADE CENTRE OF LARGE
DIAMONDS KNOWN AS
GOLCONDA DIAMONDS.
11. Specialty of the fort
◦Buildings with two floors.
◦Big halls and rooms
◦Gardens, palaces, fields and
factories
12. ◦The Golconda fort was made of mud
before 1200 AD. The fort is built on a
granite hill at a height of around 120
meters and is bordered by thick walls.
The stone blocks used for
constructing these massive walls
weigh several tons.
Building Materials
13. Features of Golconda Fort
•Golconda still boasts of mounted cannons, four drawbridges, eight
gateways, and majestic halls, magazines, stables etc.
•The outermost enclosure is called Fateh Darwaza meaning Victory gate,
after Aurangzeb’s army marched successfully through this gate.
• At Fateh Darwaza one can witness fantastic acoustical effects, which
is one among the many famous engineering marvels at Golconda.
Clapping your hand at a certain point near the dome entrance
reverberates which is heard clearly at the hill top pavilion, almost one
kilometer away. This served as a warning note to the inhabitants of the
fort of any impending danger, Ofcourse it now amuses visitors. The fort
gains an impressive place among the architectural marvels and heritage
structures of India and is a testimony to Hyderabad’s glorious past.
14. ◦ Draw bridge
◦ It is made to be raised up,
let down, or drawn aside so
as to permit or hinder
passage
•Stable
•A building in which
domestic animals are
sheltered and fed
15. ENTERING THE GOLCONDA
• GATE : ALSO KNOWN AS ‘BANJARI
DARWAJA’
Has a small gate in addition to the big
gate through which only one person can
enter at a time.
Sharp iron spokes were made in the gates
making it impossible for the elephants to
push and enter.
• THICK OUTSIDE WALLS
The outside wall is about 10 miles
long. Inside that wall are rice fields,
because during a long attack the
people inside had to have food. Then
there are other walls, so that if the
18. Walls
Golconda Fort is also
Known as Shepherd's
Hill or Golla Konda. It
was the capital of the
ancient kingdom
of Golconda. It is
situated 11 km west of
Hyderabad. Originally,
it was a mud fort. ...
The fort is built on a
granite hill at a height
of around 120 meters
and is bordered by
thick walls.
20. BASTIONS LETS EXPLORE….
• What are bastions ?
• Why were they made in the front
walls?
• Why were big holes made in them?
• What difference would be there if
you were to look from a straight
flat wall or a bastion at a height?
How would the soldiers find
peeping from the holes in the
bastions useful while attacking?
22. • BASTIONS are a projecting part of a
fortification built at an angle to the line
of a wall, so as to allow defensive fire in
several directions.
• BASTIONS were made in the fort wall to
see at distance and attack on enemies
coming towards the fort from several
directions.
• Big holes were made in the bastions to
see at a distance and attack on enemies
coming towards the fort from several
directions.
• BASTIONS are built at a height and
provide space to look on distant places
from several directions.
39. ACTIVITY TIME
FIND THE RIGHT
DIRECTION
(WRITE THE ANSWERS IN YOUR
ROUGH NOTE)
1. WHERE IS THE LIBRARY?
2. WHAT IS IN THE EASTERN SIDE
OF MAPLE ROAD?
3. LOCATE MADISON PARK.
4. WHERE IS THE HOSPITAL?
5. HOW TO REACH THE MUSEUM
FROM LINCOLN WAY?
40. ANSWERS
1. NORTH-WEST
2. SCHOOL
3. NORTH-EAST
4. SOUTH-EAST
5. TURN TOWARDS THE WEST FROM LINCOLN LANE AND IN
THE NORTHERN SIDE OF APPLE LANE YOU WILL FIND THE
MUSEUM.
41. 1.If you are peeping inside from Bodli
Darwaza, in which direction from you is
Katora Hauz?
2. If someone is entering from Banjara
Darwaza, in which direction from her is Katora
Hauz?
3. In which direction will you walk from Bala
Hisar to reach Moti Mahal?
42.
43. ◦ A. The bullocks have been used to draw water.
◦ 2. Use your hand movement to show in which direction the drum attached to the rod
moves when the bullocks move?
◦ A. The drum moves in anticlockwise direction.
◦ 3. In which direction would the ‘toothed wheel’ move? A. In clockwise direction.
4. Now imagine, how would this garland of pots lift water from the well?
A. The garland of pots is connected with the ‘toothed wheel’ and thus the garland of pots moves.
Once a pot is in water, it gets filled with water. The pot moves upward, carrying water along with it.
Once the pot reaches the level of the canal, water is emptied in the canal.
44.
45.
46.
47. It is definitely not correct
to write and scribble on
the walls of historical
monuments. It reflects that
we lack a sense of respect,
admiration for our country
and we do not honour our
duty of protecting
these monuments.
49. ◦What is the Sultan doing in the palace?
◦What kind of clothes is he wearing?
◦What dishes are being offered to him ?
◦Why does he seem o worried and in
what language is he talking?
