Sanford (1952) in his discussion of the follower in the leadership p.pdf
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Sanford (1952) in his discussion of the follower in the leadership process suggested that we think about the follower’s “readiness for leadership.” Explain what Sanford meant by this concept Solution Sanford (1952) in his discussion of the follower in the leadership process suggested that we think about the follower’s “readiness for leadership.” Explain what Sanford meant by this concept. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- Leadership : The activity of leading a group of people or an organization or the ability to do this. Leadership involves Yes I am agree with the opinion of Sanford (1952) he rightly said that Followers Readiness for Leadership is very important. See How the Leadership concepts exists.When He/She has followers.The acceptance , understating , coordination of this followers are very important.If this things fails automatically it affects on Leadership.Leadership. Of course for right control credit goes to strong Leadership .But at the same time the team members participation is also important. Readiness of Followers are depends on following points : 1 ) Mutual consent : Its very important that the members should be mutually in consent with every body in team member on the verge of Leaders selection. 2) Transparent & Clarity :The Leaders transparency & Clarity in action helps to all followers to prepare for readiness 3) Working style : The working style of Leaders helps to motivate the all followers.There various types of Leadership style : Autocratic , Democratic , Supportive etc 4) Importance to Each member : The consideration of Leader for individual team member can lead to be successful Leadership. 5) Objectives & Goals : By allocation , defining the proper objectives , Goals can help team members to prepare for readiness. 6 ) Facility : To provide the various facility to a team members automatically boost their moral for work.This is a motivation technique, These are the special points focused by Sanford on Readiness of Followers for Leadership..
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Overview – Suggested and Required Actions for this week
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• Respond to at least 2 classmates for each question – Due by Monday 11:59 pm
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Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/
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note, however, that it was not necessary that the leader per se directed these behaviors to the
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The University of Michigan and Ohio State Studies
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Managerial Grid
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Questions examined by contingency theorists include:
What are the situational factors that actually matter in leadership?
To what leadership styles do they best connect?
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Rating “least” preferred coworker harshly = task-oriented leader
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Think about your experiences working in groups. How did you feel about the least-preferre ...
Prior to beginning work on this discussion, read Chapters 5 and 14.docx
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The chapters 5 and 14 are below
5.1 Description
One of the more widely recognized approaches to leadership is the situational approach, which was developed by Hersey and Blanchard (1969a) based on Reddin’s (1967) 3-D management style theory. The situational approach has been refined and revised several times since its inception (see Blanchard, 1985; Blanchard, Zigarmi, & Nelson, 1993; Blanchard, Zigarmi, & Zigarmi, 2013; Hersey & Blanchard, 1977, 1988), and it has been used extensively in organizational leadership training and development.
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The situational approach is illustrated in the model developed by Blanchard and his colleagues (Blanchard et al., 1993; Blanchard et al., 2013), called the Situational Leadership® II (SLII®) model (Figure 5.1). The model is an extension and refinement of the original model developed by Hersey and Blanchard (1969a). This chapter focuses on the SLII® model.
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The dynamics of this approach are clearly illustrated in the SLII® model, which comprises two major dimensions: leadership style and development level of followers.
Leadership Style
Leadership style consists of the behavior pattern of a person who attempts to influence others. It includes both directive behaviors and supportive behaviors. Directive behaviors help group members accomplish goals by giving directions, establishing goals and methods of evaluation, setting timelines, defining roles, and showing how the goals are to be achieved. Directive behaviors clarify, often with one-way communication, what is to b ...
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Background leaders and leadership required sourcespeople have
Background leaders and leadership required sourcespeople have
LEADERSHIP
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Leadership Profiles, Styles & Achievements
This slideshow examines the meaning of leadership in modern organisations. How are we to understand leadership? Is it through the personality or behaviours of individuals who occupy leadership positions, or is it through the processes they enact, or the results they achieve? What are the key characteristics of successful executives today? This presentation explores these questions.
LEADERSHIP IN OB
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there are different styles of leadership such as:
Trait theory
Behavioral theory (Iowa & Michigan Studies, Ohio State Studies, Likert’s 4 Systems, Managerial Grid)
Situational theory/Contingency theory (F idler's Contingency , Path - Goal , Vroom-Yetton , Hersey & Blanchard’s Model
Transformational theory
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Chapter 8 Organization LeadershipIntroductionGreat le.docx
Chapter 8:
Organization Leadership
Introduction
Great leaders exist in business, politics, the military, and even sports
Leadership can be used for good and for evil
Communication is a tool used to activate messages to followers
Leadership is a socially constructed phenomenon
Case Study: Charismatic Preacher
Reverend Jim Jones was a charismatic, influential preacher who led rapidly growing congregations throughout California
People were so inspired, that they donated their entire worldly possessions, traveled to South America, and built a community
Several years later, the Reverend leads a mass suicide of 909 people in his town of Jonestown, Guyana
Why would people be so committed to him that they would participate in a mass suicide?
What does this say about leadership?
Trait Approach to Leadership
If a person has certain traits, they will be a more effective leader
Big Five personality traits with leadership potential include:
Extraversion
Conscientiousness
Openness to experience
Ambition
Energy
The trait approach to leadership seems to be best able to predict leader emergence rather than leader effectiveness
There is a difference between possessing a trait and being perceived to possess a trait
4
Leadership Behaviors
The behavioral approach to leadership examines what leaders actually do and the behaviors leaders use to achieve their goals
It’s a matter of what you do (behavior theory), rather than who you are (trait theory) as a leader
Critical Thinking Questions – Traits and Behaviors
How does the perspective that leadership is something you do versus something you are change the responsibilities of a leader?
The University of Michigan and Ohio State Studies
Initiating Structure
Extent to which a leader defines and structures the roles of employees in the goal attainment effort
Production-oriented leaders have behavior similar to initiating structure
Consideration
Leader respects employees’ thoughts, ideas, and feelings, expresses appreciation and support, and develops an environment of mutual trust
Employee-oriented leaders also value consideration
Managerial Grid
Contingent Approaches to Leadership
Questions examined by contingency theorists include:
What are the situational factors that actually matter in leadership?
To what leadership styles do they best connect?
Least Preferred Co-Worker
Fiedler (1967) developed Least preferred co-worker (LPC) questionnaire
Rating “least” preferred coworker harshly = task-oriented leader
Rating “least” preferred coworker benevolently = relationship-oriented
Once individual leadership style is assessed, the situation is determined through three dimensions: 1) Leader-member relations 2) Task structure 3) Position power
Critical Thinking Questions – Least Preferred
Why does the way a person treats the least preferred co-worker likely say the most about their style of leadership?
Think about your experiences working in groups. How did you feel about the least-preferre.
Our best evidence to data suggests that the Earth formed 4.6 billion .pdf
Our best evidence to data suggests that the Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago. What life forms
existed on Earth during the following periods. (Match the correct answer to each question; you
may use each answer more than once.) What happened during the first billion years (4.5-3.6
billion years ago)? What happened during the second billion years (3.6-2.6 billion years ago)?
What happened during the third billion years (2.6-1.6 billion years ago)? What happened during
the third billion years (2.6-1.6 billion years ago)? What happened during the fourth billion years
(1.6-0.6 billion years ago)? What happened during the last 600 million years (0.6 billion years
ago to present)? A. no life existed B. unicellular life appeared C. unicellular life forms were the
only living things on Earth d. multicellular life appeared. E. dinosaurs dominated the entire
period F. mammals dominated the entire period
Solution
What happened during the first billion years? (4.6 -3.6 billion years ago?) A. no life existed.
Reason: Earth was formed over 4.6 billion years ago.Before that there was no life.
What happened during the second billion years? (3.6 -2.6 billion years ago?) C.Unicellular life
forms were the only living things on earth.
Reason:Unicellular life appeared first about 3.6 billion years ago.
What happened during the third billion years? (2.6-1.6 billion years ago?) B.unicellular life
appeared.
Reason:Unicellualr life appeared on earth during this period.
What happened during the fourth billion years? (1.6 -0.6 billion years ago?) D.multicellular life
appeared.
Reason:Multicellular life appeared 1.5 billion years ago.
What happened during the last 600 million years (0.6 billion years ago to pesent?) E and F.
Dinosaurs dominated the entire period and mammals dominated the entire period.
Reason: Both dinosaurs and mammals appeared in this period .Dinosaurs appeared first and then
mammals appeared before extinction of dinosaurs..
one human resource manager recently got a thank you note on her iPho.pdf
one human resource manager recently got a thank you note on her iPhone that said “Thx 4 the
Iview! Wud to wrk 4 u!!!” The manager had liked the candidate’s interview, but after getting the
note, she put him in the reject pile. Do you think it was fair for the manager to automatically
reject the candidate? Should “textspeak” be considered acceptable workplace communication?
Discuss.
Solution
as per the above explanation we can not say that what the manager has did and because of the
text mail only he rejected the candidate. and some times it may not possible to select the
candidate even he did best in the interview. there would some one else who performed best than
the other. in those times, he may reject the good one to choose the best.
and based on the above explanation it can be observed that the interviwer is a lady and the
interviewee is a gent or boy. she may not like expressing his ability and interest to work in the
firm. and she have not decided and discolsed it to the guy that he is selected or rejected. she may
put it hold and mean while by looking at his message she may refused the application.
but, because of the only message if she rejected him, it is not fair..
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Similar to Sanford (1952) in his discussion of the follower in the leadership p.pdf
Groups in Organisations and Group Dynamics.
Its An Groups In Organisations ppt and it for BMM Purpose.
(1) Bowers and Seashore (1966) suggested that group effectiveness wa.pdf
(1) Bowers and Seashore (1966) suggested that group effectiveness was, in part, dependent upon
the presence of a set of behaviors that we commonly associate with leadership. They went on to
note, however, that it was not necessary that the leader per se directed these behaviors to the
group. Discuss what Bowers and Seashore meant by this, and comment upon why a leader is
important, assuming that they are not supplying the group with these key behaviors.
(2) Several indicators of leader effectiveness were found to be associated with variations in
leader behavior. Summarizing the work of Fleishman and Harris (1962), what have we learned
about leader behavior and leader effectiveness?
(3) Employing the path-goal theory of leadership, discuss how and why leader behavior is related
to subordinate motivation. Discuss the process through which leader behavior impacts
subordinate performance and satisfaction.
Solution
1)Bowers and Seashore (1966). Bowers and Seashore identified four traits of leaders and
developed an inventory to identify the primary leadership trait or style of respondents. The four
styles identified by Bowers and Seashore are support, interaction, goal emphasis and work
facilitation. There should be difference in leader and subordinate. The leader is superior he/she
having the capability of designing the task, members should started to work for achieving the
task. Leader have to know the four styles and leader have to decide whether the four style can
give to group or not. Unwanted qualities make the task within group resulted slow in
progress. Finally group loss their uniformity
_____________________________________________________________________________
_______________________.
3)Basic idea of Path-Goal theory is designed to explain how leaders can help subordinates along
the path to their goal by selecting specific behaviors that are best suited to subordinates needs
and in which situation they are working. By choosing the appropriate style, leaders increase
subordinates expectations for success and satisfaction.
The idea for path-goal theory
DEFINE GOALS * CLARIFIES PATH * REMOVES OBSTACLES * PROVIDES SUPPORT
Leader Behaviors is major components in path goal theory, Leader should be Directive,
supportive, Participative, Achievement oriented.
Leader is important at the same time result have to received from the subordinates, subordinates
characteristics determine how a leader’s behavior is interpreted by subordinates in a given work
context. Researcher have focused on subordinates needs for affiliation, preferences for structure,
desires for control, and self-perceived level of task ability. Subordinates who have needs for
affiliation prefer supportive leadership because friendly and concerned leadership is a source of
satisfaction.
Leadership affect subordinates motivation is the subordinates perception of their own ability to
perform a specific task. Path goal theory forces to ask question on leader mind
This theory gives the.
Chapter 8 Organization LeadershipIntroductionGreat le
Chapter 8:
Organization Leadership
Introduction
Great leaders exist in business, politics, the military, and even sports
Leadership can be used for good and for evil
Communication is a tool used to activate messages to followers
Leadership is a socially constructed phenomenon
Case Study: Charismatic Preacher
Reverend Jim Jones was a charismatic, influential preacher who led rapidly growing congregations throughout California
People were so inspired, that they donated their entire worldly possessions, traveled to South America, and built a community
Several years later, the Reverend leads a mass suicide of 909 people in his town of Jonestown, Guyana
Why would people be so committed to him that they would participate in a mass suicide?
What does this say about leadership?
Trait Approach to Leadership
If a person has certain traits, they will be a more effective leader
Big Five personality traits with leadership potential include:
Extraversion
Conscientiousness
Openness to experience
Ambition
Energy
The trait approach to leadership seems to be best able to predict leader emergence rather than leader effectiveness
There is a difference between possessing a trait and being perceived to possess a trait
4
Leadership Behaviors
The behavioral approach to leadership examines what leaders actually do and the behaviors leaders use to achieve their goals
It’s a matter of what you do (behavior theory), rather than who you are (trait theory) as a leader
Critical Thinking Questions – Traits and Behaviors
How does the perspective that leadership is something you do versus something you are change the responsibilities of a leader?
The University of Michigan and Ohio State Studies
Initiating Structure
Extent to which a leader defines and structures the roles of employees in the goal attainment effort
Production-oriented leaders have behavior similar to initiating structure
Consideration
Leader respects employees’ thoughts, ideas, and feelings, expresses appreciation and support, and develops an environment of mutual trust
Employee-oriented leaders also value consideration
Managerial Grid
Contingent Approaches to Leadership
Questions examined by contingency theorists include:
What are the situational factors that actually matter in leadership?
To what leadership styles do they best connect?
Least Preferred Co-Worker
Fiedler (1967) developed Least preferred co-worker (LPC) questionnaire
Rating “least” preferred coworker harshly = task-oriented leader
Rating “least” preferred coworker benevolently = relationship-oriented
Once individual leadership style is assessed, the situation is determined through three dimensions: 1) Leader-member relations 2) Task structure 3) Position power
Critical Thinking Questions – Least Preferred
Why does the way a person treats the least preferred co-worker likely say the most about their style of leadership?
Think about your experiences working in groups. How did you feel about the least-preferre ...
Prior to beginning work on this discussion, read Chapters 5 and 14.docx
Prior to beginning work on this discussion, read Chapters 5 and 14 in Northouse (2018).
Focus on the Situational Leadership II approach. Explain how and when you would use directing, coaching, supporting, and delegating leadership styles to create high performing leadership teams for your organization.
The chapters 5 and 14 are below
5.1 Description
One of the more widely recognized approaches to leadership is the situational approach, which was developed by Hersey and Blanchard (1969a) based on Reddin’s (1967) 3-D management style theory. The situational approach has been refined and revised several times since its inception (see Blanchard, 1985; Blanchard, Zigarmi, & Nelson, 1993; Blanchard, Zigarmi, & Zigarmi, 2013; Hersey & Blanchard, 1977, 1988), and it has been used extensively in organizational leadership training and development.
As the name of the approach implies, the situational approach focuses on leadership in situations. The premise of the theory is that different situations demand different kinds of leadership. From this perspective, to be an effective leader requires that a person adapt his or her style to the demands of different situations.
The situational approach is illustrated in the model developed by Blanchard and his colleagues (Blanchard et al., 1993; Blanchard et al., 2013), called the Situational Leadership® II (SLII®) model (Figure 5.1). The model is an extension and refinement of the original model developed by Hersey and Blanchard (1969a). This chapter focuses on the SLII® model.
The situational approach stresses that leadership is composed of both a directive and a supportive dimension, and that each has to be applied appropriately in a given situation. To determine what is needed in a particular situation, a leader must evaluate her or his followers and assess how competent and committed they are to perform a given goal. Based on the assumption that followers’ skills and motivation vary over time, situational leadership suggests that leaders should change the degree to which they are directive or supportive to meet the changing needs of followers.
In brief, the essence of the situational approach demands that leaders match their style to the competence and commitment of the followers. Effective leaders are those who can recognize what followers need and then adapt their own style to meet those needs.
The dynamics of this approach are clearly illustrated in the SLII® model, which comprises two major dimensions: leadership style and development level of followers.
Leadership Style
Leadership style consists of the behavior pattern of a person who attempts to influence others. It includes both directive behaviors and supportive behaviors. Directive behaviors help group members accomplish goals by giving directions, establishing goals and methods of evaluation, setting timelines, defining roles, and showing how the goals are to be achieved. Directive behaviors clarify, often with one-way communication, what is to b ...
Leadership in Organisations - Introduction to Module.pptx
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Background leaders and leadership required sourcespeople have
Background leaders and leadership required sourcespeople have
LEADERSHIP
LEADERSHIP, Group Report fot PA7-Human Behavior in Organizations, College of Public Administration - Tarlac State University
Leadership Profiles, Styles & Achievements
This slideshow examines the meaning of leadership in modern organisations. How are we to understand leadership? Is it through the personality or behaviours of individuals who occupy leadership positions, or is it through the processes they enact, or the results they achieve? What are the key characteristics of successful executives today? This presentation explores these questions.
LEADERSHIP IN OB
Meaning: Leadership is an art or a process of influencing people so that they will be motivated & inspired to achieve goals with enthusiasm .
Definition: Leadership can be defined as the ability of an individual to influence and guide the followers or the members of the organization to achieve its goal with direction.
there are different styles of leadership such as:
Trait theory
Behavioral theory (Iowa & Michigan Studies, Ohio State Studies, Likert’s 4 Systems, Managerial Grid)
Situational theory/Contingency theory (F idler's Contingency , Path - Goal , Vroom-Yetton , Hersey & Blanchard’s Model
Transformational theory
Uhs 2062 Leadership And Power
UHS 2062 Lectures at UTM Skudai, Malaysia. Just for guides; bases on various authors.
Chapter 8 Organization LeadershipIntroductionGreat le.docx
Chapter 8:
Organization Leadership
Introduction
Great leaders exist in business, politics, the military, and even sports
Leadership can be used for good and for evil
Communication is a tool used to activate messages to followers
Leadership is a socially constructed phenomenon
Case Study: Charismatic Preacher
Reverend Jim Jones was a charismatic, influential preacher who led rapidly growing congregations throughout California
People were so inspired, that they donated their entire worldly possessions, traveled to South America, and built a community
Several years later, the Reverend leads a mass suicide of 909 people in his town of Jonestown, Guyana
Why would people be so committed to him that they would participate in a mass suicide?
What does this say about leadership?
Trait Approach to Leadership
If a person has certain traits, they will be a more effective leader
Big Five personality traits with leadership potential include:
Extraversion
Conscientiousness
Openness to experience
Ambition
Energy
The trait approach to leadership seems to be best able to predict leader emergence rather than leader effectiveness
There is a difference between possessing a trait and being perceived to possess a trait
4
Leadership Behaviors
The behavioral approach to leadership examines what leaders actually do and the behaviors leaders use to achieve their goals
It’s a matter of what you do (behavior theory), rather than who you are (trait theory) as a leader
Critical Thinking Questions – Traits and Behaviors
How does the perspective that leadership is something you do versus something you are change the responsibilities of a leader?
The University of Michigan and Ohio State Studies
Initiating Structure
Extent to which a leader defines and structures the roles of employees in the goal attainment effort
Production-oriented leaders have behavior similar to initiating structure
Consideration
Leader respects employees’ thoughts, ideas, and feelings, expresses appreciation and support, and develops an environment of mutual trust
Employee-oriented leaders also value consideration
Managerial Grid
Contingent Approaches to Leadership
Questions examined by contingency theorists include:
What are the situational factors that actually matter in leadership?
To what leadership styles do they best connect?
Least Preferred Co-Worker
Fiedler (1967) developed Least preferred co-worker (LPC) questionnaire
Rating “least” preferred coworker harshly = task-oriented leader
Rating “least” preferred coworker benevolently = relationship-oriented
Once individual leadership style is assessed, the situation is determined through three dimensions: 1) Leader-member relations 2) Task structure 3) Position power
Critical Thinking Questions – Least Preferred
Why does the way a person treats the least preferred co-worker likely say the most about their style of leadership?
Think about your experiences working in groups. How did you feel about the least-preferre.
Similar to Sanford (1952) in his discussion of the follower in the leadership p.pdf (20)
(1) Bowers and Seashore (1966) suggested that group effectiveness wa.pdf
(1) Bowers and Seashore (1966) suggested that group effectiveness wa.pdf
Chapter 8 Organization LeadershipIntroductionGreat le
Chapter 8 Organization LeadershipIntroductionGreat le
Prior to beginning work on this discussion, read Chapters 5 and 14.docx
Prior to beginning work on this discussion, read Chapters 5 and 14.docx
Leadership in Organisations - Introduction to Module.pptx
Leadership in Organisations - Introduction to Module.pptx
Background leaders and leadership required sourcespeople have
Background leaders and leadership required sourcespeople have
Chapter 8 Organization LeadershipIntroductionGreat le.docx
Chapter 8 Organization LeadershipIntroductionGreat le.docx
More from arorasales234
Our best evidence to data suggests that the Earth formed 4.6 billion .pdf
Our best evidence to data suggests that the Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago. What life forms
existed on Earth during the following periods. (Match the correct answer to each question; you
may use each answer more than once.) What happened during the first billion years (4.5-3.6
billion years ago)? What happened during the second billion years (3.6-2.6 billion years ago)?
What happened during the third billion years (2.6-1.6 billion years ago)? What happened during
the third billion years (2.6-1.6 billion years ago)? What happened during the fourth billion years
(1.6-0.6 billion years ago)? What happened during the last 600 million years (0.6 billion years
ago to present)? A. no life existed B. unicellular life appeared C. unicellular life forms were the
only living things on Earth d. multicellular life appeared. E. dinosaurs dominated the entire
period F. mammals dominated the entire period
Solution
What happened during the first billion years? (4.6 -3.6 billion years ago?) A. no life existed.
Reason: Earth was formed over 4.6 billion years ago.Before that there was no life.
What happened during the second billion years? (3.6 -2.6 billion years ago?) C.Unicellular life
forms were the only living things on earth.
Reason:Unicellular life appeared first about 3.6 billion years ago.
What happened during the third billion years? (2.6-1.6 billion years ago?) B.unicellular life
appeared.
Reason:Unicellualr life appeared on earth during this period.
What happened during the fourth billion years? (1.6 -0.6 billion years ago?) D.multicellular life
appeared.
Reason:Multicellular life appeared 1.5 billion years ago.
What happened during the last 600 million years (0.6 billion years ago to pesent?) E and F.
Dinosaurs dominated the entire period and mammals dominated the entire period.
Reason: Both dinosaurs and mammals appeared in this period .Dinosaurs appeared first and then
mammals appeared before extinction of dinosaurs..
one human resource manager recently got a thank you note on her iPho.pdf
one human resource manager recently got a thank you note on her iPhone that said “Thx 4 the
Iview! Wud to wrk 4 u!!!” The manager had liked the candidate’s interview, but after getting the
note, she put him in the reject pile. Do you think it was fair for the manager to automatically
reject the candidate? Should “textspeak” be considered acceptable workplace communication?
Discuss.
Solution
as per the above explanation we can not say that what the manager has did and because of the
text mail only he rejected the candidate. and some times it may not possible to select the
candidate even he did best in the interview. there would some one else who performed best than
the other. in those times, he may reject the good one to choose the best.
and based on the above explanation it can be observed that the interviwer is a lady and the
interviewee is a gent or boy. she may not like expressing his ability and interest to work in the
firm. and she have not decided and discolsed it to the guy that he is selected or rejected. she may
put it hold and mean while by looking at his message she may refused the application.
but, because of the only message if she rejected him, it is not fair..
Mutations rII1 and rII2 are known to fall into the rIIA and rIIB cis.pdf
Mutations rII1 and rII2 are known to fall into the rIIA and rIIB cistrons (genes) respectively.
Mutations rII1 and rII2 are used to infect E. coli B at very low multiplicity of infection (m.o.i.)
and the progeny phage collected. These phage are then used to infect strain K at very low m.o.i..
The resulting phage are diluted and plated on both E. coli B and E. coli K. Do you expect more
plaques on strain B, on Strain K, an equal amount on both or is it impossible to tell? Explain
Solution
Strain B have more plaques because it supports the growth of all viruses,wild type T4 as well as
rII mutants which are able to complete their lifecycle in this strain thus giving total number of
viruses developed.
Strain K have low number of plaques because in this strain only wild type T4viruses can grow
and complete their lifecycle..
Money laundering has become a mechanism for financing terrorist acti.pdf
Money laundering has become a mechanism for financing terrorist activities. Describe how and
why terrorist organizations use money laundering a tool for financing their activities. How can
investigators detect and investigate these schemes? What specific types of evidence will be
useful to investigate these crimes? Identify a real case of money laundering as an example in
your answer
Solution
Money laundering is process by which the criminals use the financial system to make illigetimate
money appear legitimate through a web of complex transactions.
Process of money laundering:
(i) Placement Stage : This is the initial stage in money laundering where in criminals move
physical cash in to the banking channel.
(ii) Layering stage : In this stage , the money deposited in the banks is routed through complex
financial transactions where the link to the origin of the funds is broken.
(iiI) Integration Stage : The illicit funds are now pushed in to the economy and financial system
by providing legitimate explanation for illegitimate funds.
Terrorist agencies use money laundering tools to finance their activities since in such a prcess it
is very difficult to establish the link to the illegally gotten money and trace it back to the crime.
Investigators can detect such schemes if they find any inconsistent business activites of
companies or individuals outside their routine activities. Such activities can include unusual high
cash transactions, dealing in multiple currencies, transactions which do not meet the business\'
core activities.
Some of the ways in which investigators can investigate the schemes are as below :
(i) The first step is to identify the business or individual profile of the criminal who has engaged
in such an activity.
(ii) If a business group or an organisation is involved then the next step is to identify the key
personnel who run the group since they will be directly involved in this.
(iii) The third step is identify the money flow patterns of the company and the location of the
bank accounts of the organisation.
(iv) Obtaining the financial records and the books of the company and corroborating the same
with externally obtained bank statements.
One of the world\'s most famous terrorist organisation Al Qaieda has been involved in multiple
terrorist crimes that has killed millions till date uses money laundering techniques to finance
their activities. The organisation had multiple financial interests through banks, holding
companies, foundations,properties and charities in Britain , France and many other European
countries. The organisation mainly took the help of BCCI in Britain in the 1980s before the bank
was closed down by Bank of England..
Let X and Y be continuous r.v. with joint density functionPlease g.pdf
Let X and Y be continuous r.v. with joint density function
Please give two different formulas that show how to find cov(X,Y) **No need to do the actual
integration**
One formula should use the definition of cov (which should have one definite double integral)
and the other uses the short cut formula for finding cov. (which should have difference between
two definite double integrals).
Thank you
Solution
Cov(x,y)=
E(x)=x
E(y)=
E(xy)=
Short cut formula is:
Cov(x,y)=E(xy)-E(x)E(Y).
Independent auditors must provide dual opinions. What are these two .pdf
Independent auditors must provide dual opinions. What are these two opinions and what is the
difference in them?
Solution
Dual opinion is the opinion on the effectiveness and effective working of internal controls
adopted by the firm to avoid accounting manipulations . Firm adopt internal controls to present
financial statements at very best fair and transparent manner. So to avoid any deceit and
manipulation activities to hide any or miss any issue , internal controls are adopted . Auditors
also check the effectiveness of these controls and provide their opinion at the time of auditing the
financial statements.
Imperialism and Nationalism are often incongruous concepts that exis.pdf
Imperialism and Nationalism are often incongruous concepts that exist simultaneously in a given
context. During the period after WWI, nationalism was used to create new states in Europe and
the Middle East. Although these nations were recognized as independent, self-governing states,
they were either directly or indirectly connected to previously existing states. Discuss the ways
which Nationalism influenced the formation of new states. In your discussion, speak to the role
of imperialism to uphold, hinder or complicate the formation or survival of these states. Is it
possible to separate imperialistic goals from nation building? Support your argument with
evidence.
Solution
The First World War saw the colonial empires of France and Britain mobilised to aid European
and imperial war efforts. This mobilisation and the difficulties of demobilisation placed
considerable strain on imperial systems which were only partly addressed through post-war
reforms. The Great War also unleashed an unprecedented ideological challenge to colonial rule
embodied in the ideas of Woodrow Wilson which took form through the mandatory system.
Although there were some restrictions placed on the activities of the colonial powers, both
Britain and France maintained their imperial rule, often violently suppressing anti-colonial
nationalist challenges.
From a colonial perspective the First World War did not end cleanly. Major combat operations
on the Western Front may have ceased on 11 November 1918, but a raft of smaller conflicts,
some of which had emerged out of the upheavals of 1914-1918 and others which were only
tangentially related to the Great War, lingered on into the immediate post-war years. For
example, it was not until spring 1919 that, rather belatedly, German efforts launched at the start
of the war to stoke an Afghan challenge to the British Raj actually bore fruit. The Third Anglo-
Afghan War was more than just a continuation of the seemingly interminable struggle between
British imperial and Afghan forces along India’s north-western frontier. It was, in part, the
continuation of Germany’s Weltkrieg, an attempt to globalise the European struggle of 1914-
1918 in order to distract the Entente powers from the main theatre of operations.[1]
Unfortunately for Wilhelm II, German Emperor (1859-1941), the German army was defeated on
the Western Front before this globalisation of the war could achieve its aim of forcing the British
to choose between a European victory and their empire.
The Third Anglo-Afghan War was not an isolated event in the wake of the First World War.
Indeed, the decade following 1918 saw a major inter-state conflict being replaced by myriad
smaller ones, often within collapsing states and imperial polities. This was a point not lost on
contemporaries. In particular it was noted by, and arguably defined the thinking of, the arch-
pessimist of Britain’s post-war situation, General Sir Henry Wilson (1864-1922), the British
army’s Chief of the.
Imagine that you plant the massive seed from inside an avocado. You p.pdf
Imagine that you plant the massive seed from inside an avocado. You provide sunlight, water,
soil, fertilizer and sometimes you sing to your growing plant. After 2 years, the mass of your new
avocado tree has increased dramatically. What is the source of the majority of this acquired
mass? A. Air O B. Soil O C. Water O D. Fertilizer O E. Sunlight Submit for Grading
Solution
E .sunlight
The high energy input during fruit growth and development is provided by carbohydrates derived
from photosynthesis.Carbohydrates manufactured during photosynthesis can immediately be
used for growth processes.
5. A the mass is released as CO2 and H2O as the end product of metabolism is carbon dioxide
which can be released during breathing out ..
Identify three traits each that distinguish channels from carriers. .pdf
Identify three traits each that distinguish channels from carriers. (three for carriers and three for
channels)
Solution
1. Channel proteins are lipoproteins where as carrier proteins are glycoproteins.
2. Channel proteins can not transport molecules or ions against the concentration gradient,
Carrier proteins can transport molecules or ions against the concentration gradient,
3.Solutes diffuse through the pore of channel proteins, whereas career proteins bind solutes on
one side of membrane and release it on the other side.
4.channel proteins contain a pore where as carrier proteins,do not have..
i am trying to get this library file income.js using this, to be loa.pdf
i am trying to get this library file income.js using this, to be loaded with the tazes.html and use
the incometzs function to calculate and display the income tax,
}
*^js code***\\/ html code*
taxes
click to compute
Solution
hey heres the code, if you have any doubts or problems post comments.
Taxes.html
taxes
click to compute.
Explain why it can be problematic to base morality and ethics only o.pdf
Explain why it can be problematic to base morality and ethics only on religion.
Solution
The existence of ethics as a science, moral as a positive framework out of religion is as old as
civilization. Aristoteles and Platon stated that gods did not need of men, so religious moral is
unuseful. But, other authors as C.S. Lewis recognize that is possible moral behavior without be a
religious practice, however, the criterion of categorization between good or bad is not
sustainable, because it would be a preference choice, without transcendence.
Philosophers as Nietzsche, Kant or Holyoake agree about religion operates as an exogenous
imposition of behaviors, that they do not have any ethic value, because they are not self-
motivated, instead, non religious ethic is more valuable in this sense.
There is a general accepted principle about the religious freedom and the laicity of the State,
because religions has different emphasis and moral codes among the world, and the imposition
of demand ethical behaviors have been addressed to an specific religion is a violation of the
rights of the non followers of this faith.
However, society requires an objective system of convivence which respects everybody believes,
since there the need of a rational way of ranking moral decisions.
Other aspect is that it has been argued that many religious moral codes do not promote the self
superation, just they keep you saved of to be a criminal..
Discuss the reasons why the Human Microbiome Project is a step forwa.pdf
Discuss the reasons why the Human Microbiome Project is a step forward in characterizing
normal and pathogenic biota in humans.
Solution
The Human Microbiome is defined a the collection of microbes- bacteria, viruses and single cell
eukaryotes that inhabits the human body. Microbes in adult human body are estimated to
outnumber human cells by a number of ten to one.
The Human Microbiome project is a United States National Institute of Health initiative with a
goal of identifying and characterising the microorganisms which are found in association with
both healthy and diseased humans. The main goals of Human Microbiome Project is a step
forward in characterising normal and pathogenic biota due to its goals which are as follows:.
Describe what is happening in Italy (or you may substitute Argentina.pdf
Describe what is happening in Italy (or you may substitute Argentina or Iran) and how that might
impact things like exchange rates, inflation and/or interest rates.
Solution
Let we take example of Iran, As we all know that USA has put a number of sanctions on Iran due
to which trade with Iran is difficult, Country like India which Import a major portion of its crue
oil import from Iran, now after these sanctions, India could not buy crude oil from Iran and this
will also happen with other countries too. So this types of sanctions will force Countries like
India to look for another partner for Oil import and this will have impact on its currency
exchange rates as other oil exporting countries may demand different price for the crude oil. on
other hand after so many sanctions Supply of curde oil will increase and prices may also
increases which will result in more pressure on countries and this will have impact on exchange
rate and when prices of crude oil will increase it will impact economy and inflation will also
increase and general price level will also increase..
Consider an extension of the queue abstract data type, called a .pdf
Consider an extension of the queue abstract data type, called a minqueue, which supports
operations ENQUEUE, DEQUEUE, and FINDMIN. Assume that the elements to be stored are
integers (or any other totally ordered data type). FINDMIN simply returns the smallest element
in the minqueue, but does not remove it. Using a standard implementation of a queue, the
FINDMIN operation takes O(n) time in the worst case. However, consider a more clever data
structure for this abstract data type which works as follows: There are two regular queues used.
The first queue is called the ”real queue” and the second queue is called the ”helper queue”.
When the ENQUEUE(x) operation is performed, the element x is enqueued in the regular way on
the real queue. The element x is also enqueued at the end of the helper queue. However, if the
element y immediately ”in front” of x on the helper queue is larger than x, then y is removed
from the helper queue. This process of x annihilating the element immediately in front of it is
repeated until the element immediately in front of x is less than or equal to it or x is at the front
of the helper queue.
Describe how the DEQUEUE and FINDMIN operation are implemented in this data structure.
Give the worst case running time for each of ENQUEUE, DEQUEUE, and FINDMIN using this
data structure.
Give an argument using the potential method to show that any sequence of n ENQUEUE,
DEQUEUE, and FINDMIN operations requires only O(n) time. Or namely, the amortized
complexity of these operations is O(1).
Consider an extension of the queue abstract data type, called a minqueue, which supports
operations ENQUEUE, DEQUEUE, and FINDMIN. Assume that the elements to be stored are
integers (or any other totally ordered data type). FINDMIN simply returns the smallest element
in the minqueue, but does not remove it. Using a standard implementation of a queue, the
FINDMIN operation takes O(n) time in the worst case. However, consider a more clever data
structure for this abstract data type which works as follows: There are two regular queues used.
The first queue is called the ”real queue” and the second queue is called the ”helper queue”.
When the ENQUEUE(x) operation is performed, the element x is enqueued in the regular way on
the real queue. The element x is also enqueued at the end of the helper queue. However, if the
element y immediately ”in front” of x on the helper queue is larger than x, then y is removed
from the helper queue. This process of x annihilating the element immediately in front of it is
repeated until the element immediately in front of x is less than or equal to it or x is at the front
of the helper queue.
Describe how the DEQUEUE and FINDMIN operation are implemented in this data structure.
Give the worst case running time for each of ENQUEUE, DEQUEUE, and FINDMIN using this
data structure.
Give an argument using the potential method to show that any sequence of n ENQUEUE,
DEQUEUE, and FINDMIN operations requires only O(n) t.
Cordia Corporation is planning a 15 year project with an initial inv.pdf
Cordia Corporation is planning a 15 year project with an initial investment of $2,500,000.
The project will have $400,000 cash inflows per year in years 1-5 ;
$200,000 cash inflows in years 6-10, and
$40,000 cash inflows in years 11-15.
a) Determine this project\'s intemal rate of return.
b) If Cordia\'s opportunity cost of capital is 8%, should they accept or reject this project?
c) Explain your reason for your decision in part (b).
Solution
a) Computation of IRR:
IRR is an interest rate where the net present value of inflows are outflows equals zero.
With the help of trial and error method we can find the IRR:
First let us find from 5% rate and then we can increase or decrease as per the requirement (here,
our target is to get NPV= 0).
rate = 5%
rate = 6%
Year
Cash flows
discounting factor
PV
discounting factor
PV
0
(2,500,000)
1
(2,500,000)
1
(2,500,000)
1
400,000
0.952381
380,952
0.943396
377,358
2
400,000
0.907029
362,812
0.889996
355,999
3
400,000
0.863838
345,535
0.839619
335,848
4
400,000
0.822702
329,081
0.792094
316,837
5
400,000
0.783526
313,410
0.747258
298,903
6
200,000
0.746215
149,243
0.704961
140,992
7
200,000
0.710681
142,136
0.665057
133,011
8
200,000
0.676839
135,368
0.627412
125,482
9
200,000
0.644609
128,922
0.591898
118,380
10
200,000
0.613913
122,783
0.558395
111,679
11
40,000
0.584679
23,387
0.526788
21,072
12
40,000
0.556837
22,273
0.496969
19,879
13
40,000
0.530321
21,213
0.468839
18,754
14
40,000
0.505068
20,203
0.442301
17,692
15
40,000
0.481017
19,241
0.417265
16,691
NPV
16,559
(91,423)
IRR = 5% + [(16,559-0)/ (16,559-(-91,423))] = 5% + 0.15 = 5.15%
b) If Cordia\'s opportunity cost of capital is 8%, then NPV will be:
rate = 8%
Year
Cash flows
discounting factor
PV
0
(2,500,000)
1
(2,500,000)
1
400,000
0.925926
370,370.37
2
400,000
0.857339
342,935.53
3
400,000
0.793832
317,532.90
4
400,000
0.73503
294,011.94
5
400,000
0.680583
272,233.28
6
200,000
0.63017
126,033.93
7
200,000
0.58349
116,698.08
8
200,000
0.540269
108,053.78
9
200,000
0.500249
100,049.79
10
200,000
0.463193
92,638.70
11
40,000
0.428883
17,155.31
12
40,000
0.397114
15,884.55
13
40,000
0.367698
14,707.92
14
40,000
0.340461
13,618.44
15
40,000
0.315242
12,609.67
NPV
(285,465.82)
They should reject this project.
c) The NPV in part b is negative, thus, we should reject this project in part (b).
rate = 5%
rate = 6%
Year
Cash flows
discounting factor
PV
discounting factor
PV
0
(2,500,000)
1
(2,500,000)
1
(2,500,000)
1
400,000
0.952381
380,952
0.943396
377,358
2
400,000
0.907029
362,812
0.889996
355,999
3
400,000
0.863838
345,535
0.839619
335,848
4
400,000
0.822702
329,081
0.792094
316,837
5
400,000
0.783526
313,410
0.747258
298,903
6
200,000
0.746215
149,243
0.704961
140,992
7
200,000
0.710681
142,136
0.665057
133,011
8
200,000
0.676839
135,368
0.627412
125,482
9
200,000
0.644609
128,922
0.591898
118,380
10
200,000
0.613913
122,783
0.558395
111,679
11
40,000
0.584679
23,387
0.526788
21,072
12
40,000
0.556837
22,273
0.496969
19,879
13
40,000
0.530321
21,21.
Case study on Queensland Health Payroll Debacle & Queensland Governm.pdf
Case study on Queensland Health Payroll Debacle & Queensland Government Bans IBM from
IT contracts.
Questions:
7. What could IBM have done to prevent the release of its defective payroll system?
Solution
The queensIsland had banned IBM for further contracts, following report about payroll system it
was blamed towards vendorers.
In 2010, government started introduction of IBM based Payroll system which makes million
bollers over budget and indulge payments to thousands of people.projects initiall expectations is
6.19 million dollars but current estimation cost about 1.2 billion dollars.
Early the qeens government has launced enquiry. the report that resluts out from enqury had
given in the week.the report gaves a critcal of all members including IBM.The problms which
makes project comes dowm, in major failure is by multiple peoape to loose up their
responsibility properly,” Richard who led enquery had said that..
then IBM is not allowed to any of the contracts with the state .which was said by Queeens
Government.
But IBM bought an application to claim up the damage, argue that in agrment signed in 2010 the
Government has waved its rights to sue.
This afternoon supreme court judge ruled IBM favour.it means that state government cannot go
for current damage
some defect are found in payroll system when it is launced in 2010 which produce a result that
many of the employees in the queen state had remaind withe unpaid and underpaid..
Can you give an example of a binary heap programCan you give an .pdf
Can you give an example of a binary heap program
Can you give an example of a binary heap program
Solution
/*
* C Program to Implement a Heap & provide Insertion & Deletion Operation
*/
#include
int array[100], n;
main()
{
int choice, num;
n = 0;/*Represents number of nodes in the heap*/
while(1)
{
printf(\"1.Insert the element \ \");
printf(\"2.Delete the element \ \");
printf(\"3.Display all elements \ \");
printf(\"4.Quit \ \");
printf(\"Enter your choice : \");
scanf(\"%d\", &choice);
switch(choice)
{
case 1:
printf(\"Enter the element to be inserted to the list : \");
scanf(\"%d\", &num);
insert(num, n);
n = n + 1;
break;
case 2:
printf(\"Enter the elements to be deleted from the list: \");
scanf(\"%d\", &num);
delete(num);
break;
case 3:
display();
break;
case 4:
exit(0);
default:
printf(\"Invalid choice \ \");
}/*End of switch */
}/*End of while */
}/*End of main()*/
display()
{
int i;
if (n == 0)
{
printf(\"Heap is empty \ \");
return;
}
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
printf(\"%d \", array[i]);
printf(\"\ \");
}/*End of display()*/
insert(int num, int location)
{
int parentnode;
while (location > 0)
{
parentnode =(location - 1)/2;
if (num <= array[parentnode])
{
array[location] = num;
return;
}
array[location] = array[parentnode];
location = parentnode;
}/*End of while*/
array[0] = num; /*assign number to the root node */
}/*End of insert()*/
delete(int num)
{
int left, right, i, temp, parentnode;
for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
if (num == array[i])
break;
}
if (num != array[i])
{
printf(\"%d not found in heap list\ \", num);
return;
}
array[i] = array[n - 1];
n = n - 1;
parentnode =(i - 1) / 2; /*find parentnode of node i */
if (array[i] > array[parentnode])
{
insert(array[i], i);
return;
}
left = 2 * i + 1; /*left child of i*/
right = 2 * i + 2; /* right child of i*/
while (right < n)
{
if (array[i] >= array[left] && array[i] >= array[right])
return;
if (array[right] <= array[left])
{
temp = array[i];
array[i] = array[left];
array[left] = temp;
i = left;
}
else
{
temp = array[i];
array[i] = array[right];
array[right] = temp;
i = right;
}
left = 2 * i + 1;
right = 2 * i + 2;
}/*End of while*/
if (left == n - 1 && array[i]) {
temp = array[i];
array[i] = array[left];
array[left] = temp;
}
}
Output:.
All businesses, small or large, depend on data centers. Answer the f.pdf
All businesses, small or large, depend on data centers. Answer the following questions related to
data centers:
Define data centers in terms of hardware, software, networks, and client-server
architecture/networks
What is the relationship between a business firm\'s MIS infrastructure and a business firm\'s data
center.
What are the implications of cloud computing for data centers?
How are SAAS, PAAS, and IAAS related to a firm\'s MIS infrastructure?
Solution
Data Centers : Its a place of hosting number of system and their related components.
Datacenters in terms of hardware, software, networks, client server architecture- could be
defined as physical components present collectively like caes, connectors, power supply units,
keyboard, mouse, audio speaker. Basically all the physical component that group up and come
up a large server to support applications running on it and handle the load.These server as the
clients to host the incoming and outgoing traffic to an application like consider a bank system
which has complete running website which constitue of the software part will be having
numerous amount of incoming request where simultaneously muliple user will be hitting the
system at once so the server(present in data center) should be able to handle so many request
which will require proper network system, CPUs etc to server it..
A) The linearity condition is not satisfied. B) The linearity cond.pdf
A) The linearity condition is not satisfied.
B) The linearity condition and equal spread condition are not satisfied.
C) The data are not normal and the linearity condition is not satisfied.
D) The data are not normal.
E) The equal spread condition is not satisfied.
Solution
B) The linearity condition and equal spread condition are not satisfied..
4. Records of the missions of Baja California in the form of baptism.pdf
4. Records of the missions of Baja California in the form of baptisms and burial records provide
an ideal opportunity to examine the consequences of what is known as the \"Colombian
Exchange,\" the movement of organisms large and small between the Old and New Worlds after
the appearance of Columbus in 1492. The data below are two time series of the numbers of
baptisms at two Central Baja missions, San Jose de Comondu and San Gertrudis. The data are for
the decade 1770 - 1779.
(a)
How would you generally describe the trend of baptisms for the two missions over this period?
Do the missions appear to show similar trends? Justify your response by appealing to the graph.
(b)
One of the influences of the meeting of the Old and New Worlds was the transmission of
diseases to the native populations, who had developed no natural immunity from European
diseases. If there were anecdotal evidence for an outbreak of disease during this time, which
mission and what year seems to be the most likely candidate? Again, justify your response by
appealing to the graph.
(a)
How would you generally describe the trend of baptisms for the two missions over this period?
Do the missions appear to show similar trends? Justify your response by appealing to the graph.
(b)
One of the influences of the meeting of the Old and New Worlds was the transmission of
diseases to the native populations, who had developed no natural immunity from European
diseases. If there were anecdotal evidence for an outbreak of disease during this time, which
mission and what year seems to be the most likely candidate? Again, justify your response by
appealing to the graph.
Solution.
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