Sample win95NT 1997

Introduction to
Windows NT 4.0

ICOM Solutions MS Windows NT 4.0 - Introduction/Intermediate
Page No 2 ICOM Solutions © 9261 2499
CONTENTS
Chapter 1
Understanding Windows NT 4
COURSE OBJECTIVES.......................................................................................................................3
WHAT IS WINDOWS NT 4? ...............................................................................................................4
WHAT’S TO KNOW IN WINDOWS NT 4 ........................................................................................5
CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS TUTORIAL ..................................................................................7
A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO PERSONAL COMPUTERS.........................................................8
The Personal Computer..................................................................................................................8
OVERVIEW AND HISTORY.....................................................................................................................8
The Personal Computer..................................................................................................................8
Why a Personal Computer..............................................................................................................8
HARDWARE COMPONENTS ...................................................................................................................9
Output Devices................................................................................................................................9
Input Devices ..................................................................................................................................9
The Computer .................................................................................................................................9
SOFTWARE..........................................................................................................................................10
DRIVES ...............................................................................................................................................10
BOOTING ............................................................................................................................................10
ICONS .................................................................................................................................................10
FLOPPY DISK ......................................................................................................................................10
UNDERSTANDING FILES AND FOLDERS...................................................................................11
INTRODUCTION TO THE ANALOGY......................................................................................................11
Files ..............................................................................................................................................11
Folders..........................................................................................................................................11
UNDERSTANDING PATHS ..............................................................................................................12
MOUSE USAGE ..................................................................................................................................13
Pointing.........................................................................................................................................13
Left-Click ......................................................................................................................................13
Double-Click.................................................................................................................................13
Right-Click....................................................................................................................................13
Dragging.......................................................................................................................................13
Right Dragging .............................................................................................................................13
Manually Resizing.........................................................................................................................13
SCROLL BARS....................................................................................................................................14
DIALOG BOXES .................................................................................................................................15
SECURITY ...........................................................................................................................................16

MS Windows NT 4.0 - Introduction/Intermediate ICOM Solutions
ICOM Solutions © 1997 Page 3
Course Objectives
The main objective of this course is to introduce you to the workings of MS
Windows NT4. You will master the Desktop, use Explorer (previously known
as File Manger under Windows 3.1X) and learn the basic concepts of using
Windows NT and all its resources.
These resources include:
The Desktop
The Start button
Explorer
Dialog Boxes
Commands
Using Help
Shutting down the computer
Icons
Printing
File Sharing
Tips
Shortcuts
and many more features that are included in Windows NT 4.0

What is Windows NT 4?
MS Windows NT 4.0 is the latest version of the Windows operating system
from Microsoft. It contains many of the features of previous Windows versions
but Windows NT has both enhanced existing features and has added many
new Workgroup and Communication facilities. One main feature is the support
for the Internet.
Windows NT 4.0 Workstation is designed for power users and can be run on a
‘Stand-Alone’ PC or on a networked PC.
In Stand-Alone mode the workgroup facilities are unavailable.

What’s to know in Windows NT 4
 Filenames - You can now type in a filename up to 255 characters
including spaces.
 The following characters are not to be used in filenames
/ ? * : “ < >
 Directories are now known as Folders
 Minimise, Maximise & Close buttons
 Windows is known as a GUI (Graphical User Interface)
 Ctrl + Alt + Del will now give you an option:
 To end a task (close an application that has crashed) - there is
no need to shutdown Windows.
 Shut-down the system (Use only if your whole system has
crashed )
Shortcut menus - (also known as context-sensitive menu or pop-up menu)
can be activated by selecting an object (File, folder, Icon) and then right-click
 It is recommended that when saving a file that is to be transferred to
another PC (Non-Win95/NT), ensure the filenames do not exceed
eight (8) characters.

 If you attached two files E. g. My notes on Timeline1 and My notes
on Timeline2 the files will appear as:
mynote~1.doc
mynote~2.doc
File Extensions - all files have a three-character extension. These
extensions are used to relate to the application that they belong to;
E.g. WORD documents have the extension .DOC
Bitmap files (Picture graphic files) have the extension .BMP

Conventions Used in this Tutorial
Depending on the exercise layout there are two types of commands that are
used throughout this tutorial.
Sample 1
 Start | Settings | Control Panel
The above command specifies select Start, then select Settings, and then
select Control Panel
Sample 2 (Basic commands)
 Click the menu File…
And
 Task #
 Step 1
 Step 2
You will be requested to complete tasks concerning topics in this Tutorial.

A Brief Introduction to Personal Computers
The Personal Computer
Overview and History
The Personal Computer
Personal Computers, also known as PCs, have been in existence for over 20
years in various forms. They have changed business styles and the way
people work, giving people access to information and storage of data that was
basically unheard 20 years ago.
Why a Personal Computer
The concept of a PC is simply that it is a computer for business or for your
own personal use. Depending on the programs that are installed on your
computer, you can specify what it will be used for.
Monitor
Screen
Computer Box
Mouse
Keyboard
Floppy Drive (A Drive)
Desktop Computer

Hardware Components
Hardware is the physical equipment which you use. It is generally all the
things which you see when you look at a PC.
There are three main Hardware Components to a PC
Output Devices
The basics are: Monitor
Printer
These allow you to view the results of your work , either on screen or
on paper
Input Devices
The basics are: Keyboard
Mouse
Scanner
These allow you to insert your work into the computer, so that it can
be processed, manipulated and then saved, and then if you wish,
displayed as output
The Computer
Also known as the Box - either Desktop or Tower.
This is the heart and mind of the computer. Everything must first go through
this before it passes out into the real world.
Tower BoxDesktop Box

Software
There are two types of software; Operating Systems and Applications.
Operating Systems are what your computer needs to run and it coincides with
the Hardware of your system. Think of it as the conductor in a large
orchestra, telling the players (Software Applications) when they can play or
when they must stop.
E.g.: Windows NT is an operating system and MS Office applications (WORD,
EXCEL, POWERPOINT and ACCESS) are software applications.
Drives
Drives include Floppy drives, Hard drives, Tape Backup and CD ROMS
drives. Floppy drives are used for floppy disks, which are disks that you can
insert and remove from your computer. Hard Drives contain the Hard Disk,
which in most situations is the C drive. This is where your operating system
and application software is installed and located.
Booting
Booting means turning the computer on. When the computer Boots up it
automatically runs your Operating System, and when this is completed you
can then run your Software Application.
Icons
An Icon on a computer screen is a picture that represents a folder, file or
command. To select an Icon click the icon with the left-mouse button. To
activate the Icon double-click with the left-mouse button. You can also right-
click an icon to view other commands/properties.
Floppy Disk
Ensure that a floppy disk is not inserted in your computer (In most situations
the ‘A’ drive) when turning on the computer.

Understanding Files and Folders
Introduction to the Analogy
Windows NT refers to Files and Folders in organising its information storage.
An analogy is being made to Files (pieces of paper) and Folders (Manila
folders). Each Folder can contain Files, more Folders or both. To continue this
analogy, a Filing Cabinet could be likened to your Computer, with each
Drawer of the Cabinet representing a Drive (of any kind).
Files
A File is a collection of information bound together by a common Filename.
This information can be Document information created in an Application, or
even an Application itself. All information stored in the Computer’s Drives is in
the Files.
Folders
The Files may be sorted into Folders, just as you may expect Files in a Filing
Cabinet to be sorted into Folders. Each Drive, although being a Drawer in our
analogy contains one Large Folder in which all of its contents are stored. This
Large Folder is known as the Root Folder and It contains Files and other
Folders/sub-folders, which can, in turn, contain further Files and Sub-Folders,
and so on.
Data
C:
My File.doc
Word

Understanding Paths
The Path specifies how to find a folder or file on your disk that contains more
than one folder.
C:WordLettersBusinessTimeline.doc
As for the above sample, here we have several folders under the main folder
titled Word. Depending on how we set up our path some folders may contain
files and folders, or just folders, or files.
What the diagram above means:
On the current drive there is a folder called Word. In Word there is a folder
called Letters. In the Letters folder there are two folders, one called Personal’,
the other Business. In the Business folder there is a file called Timeline.doc
To view if files exist in a folder you must open that folder.
Word
Letters
memos
reports
Business
Personal
C Drive

Mouse Usage
The mouse is the primary input device for Windows NT and Windows
applications.
Noted below are several mouse functions that should be understood.
Pointing
Move the mouse so that the pointer ( ) has its tip resting on an object.
Left-Click
You depress and then release the LEFT mouse button while pointing to an
object
Double-Click
Make two clicks in quick succession with the Left-Mouse button while pointing
to an object
Right-Click
You depress and then release the RIGHT mouse button while pointing to an
object
Dragging
Point to an object, depress the LEFT button, move the mouse (the object will
move also) and then release the LEFT button
Right Dragging
Point to an object, depress the RIGHT button, move the mouse (the object will
move also) and then release the RIGHT button
Manually Resizing
It is possible to manually size a Window screen. This can be done by the
resizing Pointers ( , , , and ). These are obtained by pointing to
the borders or sizing corner of a Window. From there you can resize the
Window to your preference.

Scroll Bars
When you have resized a window, you may find that there are hidden
contents in that window. When this is the case, scroll bars will appear either
vertically, horizontally or both.
Windows (as above) can also be moved. This can be accomplished by first
placing the pointer on the Title Bar, hold down the Left-Mouse button then
dragging the object to a new destination.
Scroll Buttons
Scroll Bars
Scroll Box
No. of objects in screen - only nine are displayed
Title Bar

Dialog Boxes
Windows NT uses dialog (or dialogue) boxes for displaying current settings or
to request information.
E. g. The Properties dialog box. Accessed from the My Computer Icon.
Depending on which dialog box was selected, the information within each
dialogue box can be entered in a variety of ways. Typing text and selecting
are some of the available options.

Security
A very important factor concerning a Networking system is Security. Security
involves ensuring that everyone has access to data that they need, and do not
have access to data that they do not require.
For this to operate every user has a User Identification (User ID) and a
password. Once logged in, the Network system can determine who you are
and what access you are entitled to.

 Notes:

CONTENTS
Chapter 2
The DeskTop
THE DESKTOP ...................................................................................................................................19
Windows Essentials.......................................................................................................................20
Cascading and Tiling Windows ............................................................................................................... 22
Menus, Commands and Dialog Boxes ..................................................................................................... 22
THE START BUTTON, START MENU AND TASKBAR.............................................................................27
Start Button Contents............................................................................................................................... 27
Launching Programs ................................................................................................................................ 29
Taskbar Properties .......................................................................................................................31
Hiding the Taskbar................................................................................................................................... 31
Changing the Position and Size of the Taskbar........................................................................................ 32
THE MY COMPUTER AND RECYCLE BIN ICONS...................................................................................34
My Computer ................................................................................................................................34
Control Panel ........................................................................................................................................... 34
Format Floppy Disk ................................................................................................................................. 35
Copying a Floppy disk............................................................................................................................. 35
Recycle Bin ...................................................................................................................................36
What you can do with the Right-Mouse button.............................................................................38
CREATING SHORTCUTS.......................................................................................................................40
Creating Shortcut Sample 1 ..................................................................................................................... 41
Creating Shortcut Sample 2 ..................................................................................................................... 42
Creating a Folder on the Desktop............................................................................................................. 45
USING THE DESKTOP TO MANAGE FOLDERS AND FILES .....................................................................45
CONFIGURING YOUR DESKTOP...........................................................................................................47
Background.............................................................................................................................................. 48
Screensaver .............................................................................................................................................. 49
Appearance .............................................................................................................................................. 49
Plus .......................................................................................................................................................... 49
Settings..................................................................................................................................................... 49

The Desktop
In most situations you will be required to enter a password when Windows NT
is booting up. After you have entered your password the Windows NT
Desktop screen will be displayed.
This is where you control the operations of your computer. The main
components are:
 Icons
 The Task Bar - which includes the Start button and the System
Tray
 MS Office 97 Toolbar (If MSOffice is installed)
Start Button Task Bar
Icons
System Tray
MS Office Shortcuts

Windows Essentials
When you click on an Icon to open it the contents will appear in a Window. To
become proficient in Windows NT to need to know how to manipulate
windows because all windows basically behave the same way.
 Task one - Opening an Icon
 Double-click the My Computer Icon
The following Window will be displayed. This is a typical Window layout:
The Title bar contains the Program Icon and the Application name. It also
contains the Minimise, Maximise and Close buttons. When the title Bar is
coloured blue, it means it is active. If you open another application or a folder
within the Title Bar colour becomes gray, this means that the Window is now
inactive.
 Task 2 - Maximising, Minimising, Restoring a Window
 Click the Maximise button and view
 Click the Restore button
 Click the Minimise button
Title BarApplication
Status
Program Icon
Menu Bar
Drive(s)
Folder(s)
Minimise, Maximise, Close buttons
Resizing Handle

You will notice that the My Computer application is now displayed as a button
on the Taskbar. You have not closed the application but have only stored it. It
is similar to the way you might place a folder on your table in the corner
instead of filing it away, which would take longer to retrieve.
To open the My Computer Icon, click the button on the Taskbar, or you can
right-click the button and view several options that are available: Restore,
Maximise and Close.
 Tip
If you have several windows opened at the one time and you wish to minimise all of them,
right-click on an empty area of the Taskbar and select Minimise All Windows. To restore all
your windows again right-click on an empty area of the Taskbar and select Undo Minimise
All.
 Tip
The Program Icon, positioned on the far left of the Title Bar will display a shortcut menu of
similar operations by clicking on it. The same menu will appear if you right-click on the Title
Bar.
 Tip
You can also close a Window by double-clicking its Program Icon - located far-left corner of
the Title Bar. You can close all open Windows within a program by holding down the shift key
whilst clicking the Close icon on the active Window.
 Use one of the methods of closing the My Computer icon

Cascading and Tiling Windows
If you have several Windows open at once you can view them all (or part of
them) at the same time.
 Task 3 - Cascading and Tiling Windows
 Double-click My Computer icon to open it Or select the icon
(ensure it is highlighted) and right-click. Then click Open
 Open the Control Panel folder
 Click on an blank area of the Taskbar
 Click Cascade, Tile Horizontally, or Tile Vertically
 When completed close all windows
 Tip
To restore your Windows to their original state, click on a blank area of the Taskbar and click
Undo Cascade or Undo Tile
Menus, Commands and Dialog Boxes

When you are using Windows NT you will work extensively with Menus and
dialog boxes. All Windows have a Menu Bar with a list of available menus
which contain a list of commands. When a menu command requires more
information before it can be executed, a dialog box is displayed.
To access commands select and click a menu title or use hold the Alt key and
press the underlined letter of the required menu title.
 Open the My Computer Icon
 Select View menu and click it once Or use Alt + V
In most instances menus will display symbols next to a command. These
symbols are:
A tick indicates that the item can be toggled on or off
A dot indicates a chosen selection
Indicates a further selection or sub-menu(s)
… Further information is required E.g. A dialog box will be displayed
for further input from the user

 Task 4 - Different settings
 From the View menu, select the commands Small Icons, List
and Details and view each display
 If not activated select Toolbar from the View menu
 Place the pointer over each of the Toolbar buttons (wait one
second) and view the pop-up information concerning that
button
 Select the C drive by clicking it once
 Click the Properties button
 Click the Tools tab
The C drive properties
dialog box will be
displayed.
 Tip
To switch back to a previous folder,
click the on the toolbar Or
press the Backspace key. If the
Toolbar is not visible, click the View
menu and then click toolbar

From here you are able to backup files, check your Hard / Floppy disks for
errors and defragment your hard disk.
 Tip
You can access the Properties and other commands by right-clicking on an icon.
 Close the Properties window
Where available the Speedkey alternatives are shown immediately to the right
of the command name. Once you have memorised them, these key
combinations are used without displaying the menu to quickly execute the
command. E.g. The Open command can be executed by pressing the Ctrl + O
keys.
 Tip
Speedkeys generally do not work if the drop-down menu is displayed.
If a drop-down menu displays commands in gray type it means that the
commands at present are not available.
Commands are made unavailable by the application because the conditions
are not appropriate for the command to function. An object must first be
selected before it can be deleted or renamed (see above sample menu).

 Notes:

The Start button, Start Menu and Taskbar
Windows NT features many resources for the user.
To access these resources you click the Start button
and the Start menu will be displayed. This basically
is your Launching Pad, which provides a wide range
of menu items.
 Click the Start button
The Start Menu
Start Button Contents
Listed below is an explanation of the commands in the Start Menu:
Programs This will list the available applications on your system
Documents Displays the last 15 of the most recently used files
Settings Access to Control Panel, Printers and Taskbar settings
Find Find a File, folder or another computer on the Network
Help Use this to find any topic that you may need help on. There
are three basic options
 Contents
 Index
 Find
Run Use this to find an application that is not listed in the
programs Start menu and/or to install an application
Shut Down Use this to turn of your computer. Other options are available
from this command

You will notice on the Start Menu that you can also access MS Office
applications (If installed).
 Task 5 - Viewing the Start Menus
 Select each menu item and view only

Launching Programs
In the Start menu, many items contain sub-menus, which themselves may
contain further sub-menus. The cascading approach to menus is common in
Windows NT
To access a program click the Start button, then guide the pointer to the
program that you want to launch. In the sample above we are going to access
the Volume Control. There is no need to click until you have reached the
program
 Task 6 - Launching Programs
 From the Start button, launch the program WordPad
 From the Start button, launch the program Paint

Your screen will display the two open applications:
Notice the Taskbar, it contains the two application buttons. The WordPad
button is raised, which means that the application in inactive (gray title bar).
The Paint button is depressed which means that this application is active (blue
title bar). You can toggle between the applications by either clicking on the
application or clicking their respective buttons.
 Tip
You can also switch between applications by holding down the Alt key, and pressing the Tab
key until the required program is selected
 Task 7 - Open Applications
 Switch between applications by selecting the application and
using the buttons on the Taskbar
 When completed close both programs
 If you are requested to save click No

Taskbar Properties
As previously mentioned the Taskbar is used to re-activate programs and
switch between tasks. It also contains a System Tray, which displays the time,
printing progress, volume control (If Sound orientated) and other utility
devises that may be attached to your system.
At times it would be beneficial to hide the Taskbar when you want to increase
the screen area occupied by an application. The Taskbar, when hidden, can
be displayed by moving the pointer to the bottom of the screen.
Hiding the Taskbar
 Start | Settings | Taskbar Or Place the pointer on an empty
area of the Taskbar and select Properties
From here we can set the settings for the Taskbar
 Task 8 - Configuring the Taskbar
System TrayOpen Applications

 Activate or de-activate the check boxes
 To view changes click the Apply button - The Apply lets you
view changes that can be made. By clicking the OK button
those changes will take effect
 When completed return to default by selecting Always on top
and Show Clock
 Click the Start Menu Programs tab
From here we can add, remove titles from our Start menu and remove
recently used documents. Note that the application is not deleted from your
hard disk if you remove a Start menu item.
To add to the program list
Remove an application from the program list
Displays the Explorer screen in a format in which you can
customise your program settings
Changing the Position and Size of the Taskbar

There is another method of hiding the Taskbar.
 Point to the top of the Taskbar until you see a double-headed
arrow
 Click and drag until the Taskbar becomes a thin line at the
bottom of the screen
 Release the mouse button
If you have more applications running than the Taskbar will display, its size
can be increased.
 Point to the top of the Taskbar
 Click and drag until the Taskbar is the size you require
The Taskbar can be positioned at the bottom, top, left or right of the screen
 Point to a blank area of the Taskbar
 Click and drag the Taskbar to the top, left or right of the screen
 Task 9 - Changing the Position and Size of the Taskbar
 Experiment with the above Taskbar settings

The My Computer and Recycle Bin Icons
My Computer
You can view your folders and files by using the My Computer
icon. When opened, you can see a list of all disk drives attached
to your computer. Just double-click on any icon to see what is
inside.
The folder icon represents folders and when opened the folder is displayed
as open. Some folders have a graphical representation of their contents on
the outside such as the Printers and Control Panel folders.
Folder Control Panel Printer Folder Hard Drive
 Double-click My Computer icon
 Double-click on a drive E. g. C drive and view
 Open the Control Panel view
Control Panel

From here you can configure the basics of your system. E. g. Screen display,
sounds, Time, colours and more.
 Tip
You can access the Control Panel from the Start button, then Settings, then click Control
Panel
 Open several of the icons and view only
Format Floppy Disk
You can format floppy disks from the My Computer icon. Select the A drive
(click once - ensure it is highlighted) and click menu File then click Format.
Copying a Floppy disk
To copy a floppy disk from the My Computer icon again select the A drive
(ensure it is highlighted), click menu File, then click Copy Disk…

Empty bin
Recycle Bin
One of the major new features of Windows NT is the Recycle Bin.
You can use the Recycle bin to remove, view or retrieve any deleted files by
double clicking on it. You then have the option of removing the file/s
permanently or restoring the files to their original position by using the Restore
command from the File Menu.
 Tip
Should you wish to delete the files or folders permantley without placing
them in the recycle bin, hold the Shift key and then select Delete
 Double-click the Recycle Bin icon
 If there are files stored remove them by selecting menu File,
then Empty Recycle Bin
 Close the Recycle Bin screen
 Select the Recycle Bin (Ensure it is highlighted) and right-
click, then select Properties
Deleted files in bin

 Click the Cancel button
From the Recycle Bin Properties
Dialog box you can configure the
Recycle Bin options that are
available.

What you can do with the Right-Mouse button
The right-mouse button now gives you access to facilities in Windows NT itself
and in the applications. A different list appears depending on the item you
click on.
Samples
Icons Start Button
Desktop Recycle Bin
Folder, document or Program Icon
 Notes:

Creating Shortcuts
A powerful feature in Windows NT is the Shortcut facility.
If you use an application every day it would be useful to create a shortcut icon
for that application. You can place a shortcut (also known as a link), on the
Desktop and/or folder.
A Shortcut features an arrow on the icon . Basically, a Shortcut is a
pointer to an object and not the object itself. Therefore if you delete the
Shortcut it will not effect the object (application) in any way.
There are several ways that Shortcuts can be created.
Sample 1
 Locate and select the program, folder, printer, or computer you
want to create a Shortcut to
 From the File menu, select Create Shortcut
 Drag the Shortcut icon onto the Desktop
Sample 2
 Place the pointer on an empty area of the Desktop
 Right-click mouse button
 Click New
 Click Shortcut
 Then follow the procedures as displayed
If you want to change any settings for a Shortcut, E. g. what kind of Window it
starts in or what key combination is used to access it, right-click the Shortcut
icon, and then click Properties.
Should you wish to delete a Shortcut icon you can either right-click it and
select Delete or simply drag it top the Recycle Bin.

Creating Shortcut Sample 1
In the following exercise you will create a shortcut for the application WordPad
 Open the My Computer icon
 Double-click the C Drive
 Double-click the Windows folder
 Click once the Write file (ensure it is highlighted) - You may
need to use the scroll bars to locate it
 From the File menu select Create Shortcut Or Place the
pointer on the file and right-click. Then select Create Shortcut
You will notice the new shortcut as displayed:
 Select the Shortcut to Write and drag it to the Desktop and
release the mouse button
 The Write shortcut is now displayed on the Desktop
 Ensure that the Write shortcut is highlighted
 Press the F2 key - This is used to rename a folder, file, or
shortcut
 Type in WordPad
 Press the Enter key
 Open the WordPad program by double-clicking the shortcut
icon
 View then Close
 If prompted to Save click No

Creating Shortcut Sample 2
In the following exercise you will create a shortcut for the application game
Solitaire
 Place the pointer on an empty area of your Desktop
 Right-click mouse button
 Click New
 Click Shortcut
The Create Shortcut dialog box will be displayed:
 Click the Browse button - If you know the name of the path
you can type it in now

 Double-click the Sol file - You may need to use the scroll bars
to locate this file

 Click the Next button
 In the text field area type Solitaire
 Click the Finish button
Your Solitaire shortcut will now be displayed on the Desktop

 Task 10 - Creating Shortcuts
 Create two new shortcuts using the two sample methods.
 Create a shortcut for the application Explorer
 Create a shortcut for the application Paint (Pbrush)
Both these files are located in the Windows folder
Creating a Folder on the Desktop
The next exercise is to create a folder for our Desktop and move the four new
shortcuts into this folder.
 Place the pointer on an empty area of the Desktop and right-
click the mouse button
 Select New
 Select Folder
 Name the folder as your given name
 Open the new folder
 Drag the shortcuts to the new folder - By holding the Ctrl key
you can select the four icons then drag to the new folder
Using the Desktop to Manage Folders and Files

You can create Folders (Directories) and manage your files now from the
Desktop. If you ever used a Macintosh then basically the same principle now
applies to Windows NT Desktop.
 Open the My Computer icon
 Double-click the C Drive
 Click menu File | New | Folder
 Name the folder My Data
 Double-click the My Data folder to open it
Your screen will look similar as displayed:
Your next task is to copy several bitmap image files from the Windows folder
to the My Data folder.
 Select a bitmap image
 Hold down the Ctrl key

 While holding the left-mouse button down, drag the file to the
My Data folder - copy three (3) bitmap image files
 Tip
If you do not hold the Ctrl key you will be moving the file, not copying it.
Your next task is to create a sub-folder under the My Data folder.
 Select menu File | New | Folder from the My Data window on
your Desktop
 Name this folder Graphics
 Select the three bitmap files (use the Ctrl key) then drag them
to the Graphics folder
 When the Graphics folder is highlighted release the left mouse
button
Configuring Your Desktop
To change your Screensaver, Wallpaper, Colours, Screen settings you must
view the Display Properties dialog box.
Your bitmap files are now located in the
Graphics folder. To view them double-click
this folder.

 Click Start | Settings | Control Panel | Display
Or
 Right-click on an empty area of the desktop and click
Properties
Background
The first screen of the dialog box lets you change the background screen. You
may also use the Browse button to select any other bitmap (Filename.BMP)
file on your system.
Art1

Screensaver
Screensavers save wear and tear on your screen. You have the option of
selecting any screensaver that was installed with Windows NT. Most
screensavers can be modified for your taste and passwords can be
implemented for security.
Appearance
This lets you modify your colour settings. You can select your own colours, or
select one of many of Windows NT scheme settings. Fonts may also be
changed to suit your style.
Plus
Contains several functions to enhance the Desktop
Settings
This is where you change the colour and screen size of your monitor. The two
popular screen sizes are 640 X 480 or 800 X 600.
256 Colours is the standard colour format for most business applications.
Should you be involved in producing high quality pictures then it would be
advisable to increase your colour settings.
 Task 11
 Change your background screen
 Click the Apply button
 View then click Cancel
 Close the Display Properties window
 Notes:

CONTENTS
Chapter 3
Windows NT Applications
WINDOWS NT APPLICATIONS......................................................................................................52
WordPad.......................................................................................................................................52
Selecting Text .......................................................................................................................................... 52
Paint..............................................................................................................................................53
Calculator.....................................................................................................................................54
To work with Numbers stored in Memory............................................................................................... 55
To recall a Stored Number....................................................................................................................... 55
To Clear the Memory............................................................................................................................... 55
To Add the Displayed Number to the Number already in Memory......................................................... 55
Notepad.........................................................................................................................................55
USING WINZIP ....................................................................................................................................57
Compressing Files.................................................................................................................................... 57
Extracting Files........................................................................................................................................ 62

Windows NT Applications
Windows NT includes a number of applications. These include WordPad, a
word Processor; Paint, a graphics drawing tool; Imagining, an image
manipulation tool; Calculator and Notepad. These are all designed to take
advantage of the new operating system and the working together approach to
computing.
All these applications can be located by using the Start | Programs |
Accessories
WordPad
This is a basic word processing program which takes advantage of the
Windows NT graphics screen capabilities to show different typeface attributes
on the screen as well as different typefaces. It contains the usual word
processing features such as cut, copy and paste, paragraph alignment,
character attribute control, headers and footers.
You can also save WordPad in several formats including Word 6.0
As in any word processing package it is important that when you wish to
format any text in any way it must first be selected. This can be done in
several ways and selected text appears in Inverse Video.
Selecting Text
To change the format of your text, place the pointer close to the left edge of
the screen. The mouse pointer will change to point to the right when it is in the
selection area.
To Select Do This
Single Word Double-click onto the word
Single Line Point to a line from the selection area (blank white area
in the left margin) and click the mouse button
Paragraph Point to a paragraph from the selection area and
double-click the mouse button
The Whole
Document
Point into the selection area on the left and click whilst
holding down the Ctrl key

Paint
This is a graphics package that allows you to draw pictures, add text and if
you wish, you can use it as a background picture. You can also use Paint to
edit any bitmap files, and copy them into any other Windows programs E. g.
documents. You can also use Paint to view and edit scanned photos if saved
in a BMP (bitmap) format.
The Tool palette can be repositioned to provide you with a larger working
area. This is useful for cutting or copying large areas of a picture

Calculator
To do simple calculations you use the Standard view or if you wish to do
scientific and statistical calculations, use the Scientific view.
Standard View
Scientific View
 Tip
To use your numeric keypad to enter numbers and operators, press Num Lock

To work with Numbers stored in Memory
 Click the MS button to store a number
When you store a number memory, an M appears in the box above the
memory options.
To recall a Stored Number
 Click the MR button
 Tip
If you store another number in memory, it replaces the number currently in memory
To Clear the Memory
 Click the MC button
To Add the Displayed Number to the Number already in
Memory
 Click the M+ button
Notepad
You can use Notepad to create or edit text files that do not require formatting
and are smaller than 64K. Notepad opens and saves text in ASCII format
only. To create or edit files that require formatting or are larger than 64K use
the application WordPad.

 Task 12
 Open the WordPad, Paint programs
 Type in a paragraph of your own text
 Create some drawings (be artistic) in Paint using different tools
 Copy from Paint to WordPad
 Save the WordPad file to your Documents folder as text1, the
Paint file to your Graphics folder as Art1
 When completed close both programs
 From the Desktop copy the Art1 file to the Windows folder

Using Winzip
Winzip is a utility program that is used to compress your files. It does not
come with Windows NT but it is a useful application to have on your system.
If files that you had created are not used or you wish to take them home with
you it is advisable to compress (AKA compact or archive) them, especially if
the file exceeds 1.4Mb (the storage limit of a high density disk). By
compressing files you free more space on your hard disk, and if you require
the file it is a simple case of extracting them.
Compressing Files
 Task 13 - Using Winzip
From Explorer:
 Create a folder on the C drive (unless otherwise advised) and name
it Storage
 Select a number of files (minimum six - large files) and copy them to
the Storage folder (If need be your trainer will advise what files to
copy)
In the sample below the files that are to be compressed use over 15Mb of disk
space
 When completed close the Explorer screen
 Open the Winzip program from your Start menu
The Winzip utility program will be launched:

Or depending on what version you have the screen may look similar to this:
 Click the New button

 Select the Storage folder by double-clicking on it
 In the File Name area type in WorkFile
 Click OK

The Winzip Add dialog box will appear.
 In the Add From box area, use the down-arrow button and select
the folder Storage
 Select all the files (use the Shift method to select all) and click the
Add button.
After a few seconds the following screen will be displayed:

Notice the titlebar, it displays the name of the Winzip file
 Close Winzip and open the Explorer Screen
 Open the Storage folder
Notice in our sample the Workfile.zip file is only 717KB.
 Delete all files in the Storage folder except Workfile.zip - by doing
this you are freeing up (in our sample) over 14Mb of hard disk
space

Extracting Files
In this task you will now extract the files that you compressed.
 Task 14 - Extracting Files
 Open the Winzip utility program
 When opened click the Open button
 Select the Storage folder in the Look In box area
 Double-click the workfile.zip file Or click it once to select it, then
click the Open button

 Click the Extract button
 Select the Storage folder
 Click the Extract button
 Once completed click the Close button
 Open Explorer and view the Storage folder
You will notice that are files have been extracted. The Workfile.zip file is still
located in the Storage folder.
 Tip
If you extracted a number of files and only modified one file, there is no need to compress all
the files again into a new Winzip file. All you do is add the modified file to your existing winzip
file.
 Notes:

CONTENTS
Chapter 4
The Explorer
THE EXPLORER ................................................................................................................................66
FOLDERS.............................................................................................................................................67
Creating Folders...........................................................................................................................67
Using the Pull down menu....................................................................................................................... 67
Creating a folder with the right-mouse button ......................................................................................... 68
COPYING, MOVING AND DELETING FILES IN EXPLORER.....................................................................69
1 The Dragging Method........................................................................................................................... 70
2 Using the Edit Menu ............................................................................................................................. 71
3 Using the right mouse button ................................................................................................................ 73
4 Using the ‘Send To’ command.............................................................................................................. 74
THE FIND COMMAND..........................................................................................................................75

The Explorer
If you used File Manager under your previous version of windows then the
new Windows Explorer (do not get confused with MS Internet Explorer) is
basically the same ease of use. It is a powerful way to browse and manage
your files, drives and network connections.
The basic Window commands such as Copy, Paste, Cut and Undo can now
be used in Explorer.
To open Explorer:
 Start | Programs | Windows NT Explorer
Or
 Right-click Start button, then click Explore
Up one level in Directory Structure Cut Copy Paste Properties
Large Icons
List Details
No. of objects Space available on hard disk
Maximise
Close
Map Network drive
Disconnect Net Drive
Undo
Delete
Small Icons
Minimise

Folders
Directories are now known as Folders and there are two basic ways to create
folders.
The first step is to select where you want to create your folder; should it be on
the C root path or under another folder. We will create two folders using two
different methods.
 Using the pull down menu
 Using the right mouse button
Creating Folders
Using the Pull down menu
The first step in both instances is to select where we will create the new
folder. In the first sample we will create a folder called My paintings on the C
root path.
 Click the C drive
 Click menu File | New | Folder
Step 1
Step 2

You will notice on the right pane of your Explorer window a new highlighted
folder titled New Folder.
 Name the folder My Paintings
Creating a folder with the right-mouse button
 Select C drive and place the mouse on the right pane of your
Explorer screen and right-click mouse button
 Once the following pop-up menu has appeared select New,
then Folder
 Name this folder My Work
 Tip
If you cannot see the new
folder select View, then
Refresh

Copying, Moving and Deleting Files in Explorer
Let’s try a couple of methods of copying several bitmap files from the
Windows folder to our new created folder My Paintings.
There are several methods that can we can use:
 by dragging
 using the edit menu
 using the right mouse button
 using the send to command
In the following tasks you again will use bitmap files. These files end with the
extension .BMP E.g. BUBBLES.BMP and in most instances can be found
under the Windows folder.

1 The Dragging Method
 Select four bitmap files by holding down the Ctrl key
You will copy the files to My Paintings folder
 Select one of the files with the pointer, press and hold the right
mouse button and drag to our destination folder.
 When you notice that the folder is highlighted release the right-
mouse button and the following menu commands will be
displayed.
 When completed double click the My paintings folder.
You should have four BMP files displayed on the right pane of your screen.

 Delete these files by selecting the first file, hold shift key, and
select the last file - release the shift key.
 Press the Delete key. When prompted to confirm the deletion
of these files select Yes
2 Using the Edit Menu
 Use the same four bitmap files and this time select the menu
Edit, then Copy
 Again select the My paintings folder. When highlighted select
Edit then Paste.

Once completed the files will be displayed on the right pane of explorer.
 Select and delete two of these files. This time do not put the
files in the Recycle Bin.
How did you carry out this command? ______________________________

3 Using the right mouse button
 Select four different types of files from
another folder E. g. document files
 Once the files are highlighted click the right
mouse button on any file. When the
following menu is displayed select Copy.
 Select the folder My Work and again press
the right-mouse button. Select Paste.

4 Using the ‘Send To’ command
In this sample you will copy four bitmap files to the A drive.
 Select the four files and press the right mouse button. Select
Send to and the following menu will be displayed.
If you have a floppy disk insert it in the A drive
 Select 3.5 floppy. The files will be copied to the A drive.
 Task 15 - Creating a sub-folder/Moving files
 In the Explorer screen, create a sub-folder under My Work
titled Today. Move the remaining bitmap files from My
Paintings to Today.
What method did you use to accomplish these two tasks?_______________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
 Delete the Folders My Work and My Paintings - They are to
be stored in the Recycle Bin
 Open the Recycle Bin screen
 Restore the My Work folder
 View the Explorer screen then close

The Find Command
If you had accidentally saved a file in a wrong folder, you may use the Find’ command
to locate and open it.
 From the Start button click Find
You have an option to search for files and folders or a computer located on your
network. In this sample we will select Files or Folders to search for a specific file.
 Start | Find | Files or Folder
Once selected the following screen will be displayed.
Type in the name of the file in the Named box and then specify which drive you wish
to search.
To start the search, click the Find button

 Tip
If you are in the Explorer screen mode and you wish to find a file or folder,
first select ‘Tools’ then ‘Find’.
 Tip
You may use the * or ? in filenames to search for specific files, where
the * means any character or characters or ? which means only one
character.
For an example, if we were looking for files that ended with the extension
.BMP we would type *.bmp in the ‘Named’ box and then specify a location
for it to search.
 Task 16 - Finding files
 Use the two methods of finding files, one from the Start button
and one from the Explorer screen. From the Explorer click
menu Tools, then Find
 Notes:

CONTENTS
Chapter 5
Printing
PRINTING IN WINDOWS NT ..........................................................................................................79
The Printers Folder ......................................................................................................................79
Printing Documents......................................................................................................................79
To View documents Waiting to be printed .............................................................................................. 80
To Change Printer Settings...........................................................................................................81
Pausing and Resuming a Printer..................................................................................................82
Printing Over a Network / Adding a Printer.................................................................................82
To Share your Printer with other Users .......................................................................................86
Drag and Drop Printing ...............................................................................................................86

Printing in Windows NT
Windows NT provides many printing facilities. In the next following pages you
will explore the Printers folder via which many printing actions can be carried
out, shows you different ways to print and how to share a printer across a
network.
The Printers Folder
To open the Printers folder:
 Double-click the My Computer icon from the Desktop then
double-click the Printers folder
Or
 Click Start | Settings | Printers
Sample of items in a Printers folder
Printing Documents
 If a document is open E. g. Word Processor, then click the File
menu, then click Print
Or
 If the document is not open, you can drag the document from
My Computer or Explorer to your printer in the Printers Folder

When a document is printing, a printer icon appears next to the clock on the
Taskbar. When the printing has finished, the printer icon disappears from the
Taskbar.
 Tip
For easy access to your printer, you can create a shortcut to it on the Desktop
To View documents Waiting to be printed
 Click the Start button
 Select Settings
 Click Printers
 Double-click the icon for the printer you want to look at
The print queue with all of the print jobs listed appears.
In the Printer window, you can find information such as the status of print jobs
and the owner of the document. Should you wish to cancel or pause the
printing of any of the documents that you had sent, click the document, and
then use the commands on the document menu. You can also right-click the
document to access these commands.
 Tip
If you had sent a document to the printer, double-click the Printers icon (or right-click) from
the Taskbar. This will display the Printers window. From here you can re-order the
documents that you had sent to the printer

To Change Printer Settings
 From the Start menu, select Settings
 Select Printers
 Click the icon for the printer you are using
 From the File menu, select Properties Or Right-click on the
printer and select Properties
The Printers Dialog box
 Task 17 - Viewing the Printers Properties
 Open the Printers folder
 Select Properties
 Click the different tabs to see all the options you have
 Tip
Changing the Printer properties will change them for all documents you print on the printer.
To change these settings for one document, use the Page Setup or Print Setup command in
the application you are using

Pausing and Resuming a Printer
 Open the Printers folder
 Double-click the icon for the printer you want to pause or
restart
 From the Printer menu, select Pause Printing - a check mark is
placed next to the command
 To restart the printer click the Pause command again
You can pause a printer only if it is attached to the computer you are using.
You cannot pause a network printer from your own computer. If you had
turned off spooling in your Printer Properties, the Pause Printing command is
unavailable.
Printing Over a Network / Adding a Printer
If you need to use a Shared Network Printer, double-click the
Network Neighborhood icon, then double-click the computer
where the printer you want to use is located.

Depending on what access you have, you can browse the computers in your
workgroup and /or the computers that are on your network (in most situations
it will display only the servers that you have logged onto).
 Tip
To view which computers have shared printers attached click the View menu, then click
Details. Look for printer names or description in the Comment column of the Network
Neighborhood window
 Double-click the main file-server - depending on your location
your trainer will advise which icon to select - In this sample we
had selected TOWFS1
The following screen will be displayed:
Here you will notice the printers that are available on your system. In this
sample we want to add the printer IS_COLOUR_2.
 Double-click the printer icon IS_COLOUR_2 - Depending on your
location your trainer will advise which printer to select

You will be requested to confirm the setup of the printer
 Click Yes
The following dialog box will be displayed:
 Select the option that you require then click Next

In most instances the printer driver’s name will appear in the Printer Name
text area. To familiarise what printer you had selected it is recommended that
you use the same name as the printer that you had selected.
 When completed click the Next screen
From here you can test print a page
 When completed click the Finish button
Your new printer is now ready to use.

To Share your Printer with other Users
 From the Start menu, select Settings
 Select Printers
 Click the icon for the printer you want to share
 From the File menu, select Properties
 Click the Sharing tab, and then click Shared As
 Tip
You can only share a printer that is connected to your computer
Drag and Drop Printing
If you created a shortcut to your printer(s) on your Desktop, you can then just
drag the file to this icon. Your document will then print.
 Task 18 - Printing Documents

Step 1
 Open the Explorer screen (or My Computer icon). Find the
four files named PT1.doc to PT4.doc files - Your trainer will
advise you where the files are located
 Rename the files as your initials E. g. If your name is Joe
Bloggs, rename the files JB1.doc to JB4.doc
 Close the Explorer screen Or My Computer screen
 Open your Printers Folder
 Double-click your printer
 From the Printer menu, select Pause Printing
 Start WordPad
 Open and send to print each of the four files (XX1, XX2 etc -
where XX stands for your initials)
 With the four files in the print queue move XX4.doc up the
queue
 Move XX2.doc to the end of the queue
 Delete XX3 from the queue
 Resume printing
Step 2
 Create a shortcut to your printer on the Desktop
 Open Explorer Or My Computer
 Find the file XX1.doc and drag it to the Printer shortcut. The file
should print
 Notes:

CONTENTS
Chapter 6
Help / Shutdown
WINDOWS NT HELP.........................................................................................................................90
Context Sensitive Help............................................................................................................................. 90
Menu Command Help.............................................................................................................................. 91
SHUTTING DOWN THE COMPUTER ...........................................................................................92

Windows NT Help
Windows NT provides an extensive on-line Help facility. The Help Topic is
readily accessible from the Windows Desktop and all applications.
If you are ever in doubt and require Help in haste, press the F1 key from any
open Window, and you will be presented with the following screen.
To access Help, click the Help menu then select Help Topics.
Three options are available to you: Contents; Index and Find.
Context Sensitive Help
Dialog boxes have a question mark icon in the upper-right hand corner of
the title bar. To activate the Context Sensitive Help, click on the Question
mark. A Question mark will appear next to your cursor. You then click on the
item you require help with. Windows will then display a message box with the
relevant help.

Menu Command Help
In any window, to see a description of what each menu command does, click
the View menu, and make sure that the Status Bar command is ticked. Then
when you rest your mouse over a menu command, information about that
command appears in the Status Bar at the bottom of the window.
 Task 19 - Using Help
 Open Help from the Start button
 Click the available Help tabs and view
 Find Troubleshooting
 Write down the three (3) of the tasks mentioned under
Troubleshooting
1 _______________________________________________________
2 _______________________________________________________
3 _______________________________________________________

Shutting Down the Computer
Before turning of the computer you will need to shutdown Windows NT. Never
turn the computer off when Windows NT or other applications are running.
The Shutdown menu option provides you with a safe and orderly way to turn
off your computer knowing that all your applications and data files have been
closed and saved.
 To Shutdown you computer click the Start button
 From the Start button, select Shut Down
 Click the Shut down the computer option
 Click the Yes button
 Wait for You can now safely turn off your computer message to
appear
 Turn off your computer
Two other options are available:
Restart The Computer Use this if your computer is acting sluggish
and needs a reboot
Close all programs and log
on as a different user ?
This option provides you with a way of
logging off and logging on as another user
 Notes:

CONTENTS
Chapter 7
Windows NT Tips
MODIFYING THE START MENU...................................................................................................95
WINDOWS NT TIPS.........................................................................................................................100
SHORTCUT KEYS............................................................................................................................102

Modifying the Start Menu
Depending on what you have on your system, the Start Menu Programs
contain all applications that exist on your hard drive or Network system. It is
beneficial to ‘tidy-up’ the programs menu so that the application you are
looking for is easy to find (If no shortcut is available on the Desktop).
For instance the programs menu may contain several graphic; utility or other
programs that need to be categorised.
In the following sample we will group our Graphic and Utilities applications. At
present our Programs Menu will look as displayed:
The four applications that we wish to group are PSP, MTB40 (Graphics) and
Quick View Plus, Winzip 95 (Utilities).
 Place the pointer on an empty area of the Taskbar and right-
click
 Click Properties

 Click Start Menu Programs tab
 Click Advanced button

Basically you are in the Explorer screen mode. You use the same method that
you use in Explorer to create folders, move or copy folders, files etc.
 Double-click the Programs folder
All the items that appear in our Start | Programs menu are displayed in the
right-pane of the screen.
Start Menu
Start Programs menu

 In the right-pane, place the pointer and right-click
 Select New, then Folder
 In this sample the new folder is named Utilities
 The second new folder is named Graphics
 From the right-pane simply select the item and drag it to the
destination folder E. g. Select Winzip95 and drag it to the
Utilities folder, then release the mouse button
 Move the other shortcuts to their destination folder
 When completed click the Close button
 Click OK on the Taskbar Properties
The Start | Programs menu will look as displayed:

 Task 20 - Modifying the Start Programs
 View the Start Menu Programs
 Assort them in Categories of your choice - If not sure ask your
trainer

Windows NT Tips
1. Tired of seeing separate windows appearing on your screen (e.g. in
Desktop) each time you open a folder from a Window screen ? One
way to overcome this is to open an icon (for a sample use the ‘My
Computer’ icon), select ‘View’ then ‘Options’. Select the second option
“Browse folders using a single window…”
2. If you do not have the ‘Explorer’ icon on your desktop, you can easily
launch the ‘Explorer’ by holding the ‘Shift’ key and double-clicking the
‘My Computer’ icon.
3. To view two ‘Explorer’ screens at the one time open ‘Explorer’ twice,
(use the minimise button on the first ‘Explorer’ screen is screen is full
size, and then open the second ‘Explorer’) and then place the mouse
on empty space of the Taskbar. Click the right-mouse button and a
pop-up menu will appear. This will give you several options e.g.
‘Cascade’, ‘Tile Horizontally’, “Tile Vertically’, ‘Minimise Windows’,
‘Undo Tile’ and ‘Properties’. You can also use this method to arrange
all your open windows.
4. Remember DOS, it’s still on our system and its called DOS version 7. If
you ever mastered the basic DOS commands you’ll remember that to
move up (or return) one-step the command is cd.. . In Windows NT
DOS you can move up two levels by using cd… - move up three levels
cd…. - and so on.
5. In DOS mode you can type in commands that use more than eight
characters and spaces. For this to operate you must use the Start
command e.g. C:>start “C:windowsstart menu”. This will return
you to Windows displaying the ‘Start Menu’ screen.
6. You can view most files without opening its respective application.
Windows NT comes with a program called ‘Quick View’. You can select
a file from ‘Explorer’ and then click the right-mouse button. The ‘Quick
View’ option will be displayed in the pop-up menu. This program is not
installed by default so if ‘Quick View’ is not active the program can be
installed at a later date.
7. You may wish to change the size of your icons and their labels. To
accomplish this place the mouse on an empty space on the Desktop
and click the right-mouse button. Select ‘Properties’ then click
‘Appearance’ tab. Choose ‘icon’ from the ‘Item List’ to change the look
of the icon. The default size is 32.
8. If you need to launch an application from the Desktop but you have
several applications running: Place the mouse on an empty part of the
Taskbar, right-click the mouse button and select “Minimise All
Windows’

9. If you wish to keep one application open (refer to previous tip) and
minimise the others, select ‘File’, ‘Open’ from that application (For
Folders, select ‘View’ then ‘Options’). Right-click a blank area of the
Taskbar and select ‘Minimise All’.
10. It is useful to have a folder of your often most used applications or
favorite programs. To accomplish this right-click a empty area of your
desktop and select ‘New’ then ‘Folder’. Give it a name and press the
‘Enter’ key. Open the folder and the select the icons from the Desktop
by dragging them with the right-mouse button to the new folder. When
mouse-button is released you have the option of copying or moving the
icon/s to the new folder. Should you just wish to move the icons to a
folder just select it and drag with left-mouse button.
 Task 21 - Experiment using Win NT tips
Experiment with the Windows NT tips. See if you can discover any other tips
e.g.: Arranging your Icons in Desktop…
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

Shortcut keys
To save you time when working in Windows NT, you may find the following
shortcut keys of use.
They are another alternative to using the mouse & various menu commands
that we have worked with so far.
Shortcut Key/s Activates
Alt + Letter (A-Z) Application menu that corresponds to
the letter you pressed
Alt or F10 Applications menu bar
Enter or Return Highlighted button or menu
Esc Closes a dialog box or menu
Alt + Tab Switch between open applications
Alt + Esc Switch between open applications in
Taskbar
Ctrl + Escape Start button menu & Taskbar
Alt + F4 Closes the current application. If no
applications are open closes down
Windows after confirmation
Printscreen (Prt Sc) Copies the entire Windows screen to
the clipboard
Alt + Prt Sc Copies only the currently active
window to the clipboard
Tab Moves the selection cursor to the next
selection of a dialog box
Shift + Tab As above in reverse
Ctrl + C Copy an object - File, text, folder
Ctrl + V Paste
Ctrl + A Selects All
Ctrl + X Cut
Delete Clears a selected object
 Notes:

Sample win95NT 1997

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