Computer note

1. 1
Basic Computer Training
Course Out Line:-
•Introduction to Computer
•Introduction to Windows
•MS-Word
•MS-Excel
•MS-Access
•MS-Power Point
•Introduction to Internet
and E-mail

2. 2
What is COMPUTER?
COMPUTER is the
short form of: -
Common Machine
Particularly Used for
Trade and Research.

3. 3
Definition
A computer is a special electronic
device, operating under the control of
instructions (software) stored in its own
memory unit, that can accept data
(input), manipulate data (process), and
produce information (output) from the
processing. Generally, the term is used
to describe a collection of devices that
function together as a system.

4. 4
Devices that comprise/include a computer system
Printer
(output)
Monitor
(output) Speaker (output)
Mouse
(input)
Keyboard (input)
System unit
(processor,
memory…)
Storage devices
(CD-RW,
Floppy, Hard
disk, zip,…)
scanner(
input)

5. 5
What Does A Computer
Do?
Computers can perform four general
operations, which comprise the
information processing cycle.
 Input/data
 Process/manipulate
 Output/information
 Storage/ put for further use

6. 6
The differences b/n Data and
Information
 All computer processing requires data,
which is a collection of raw facts,
figures and symbols, such as numbers,
words, images, video and sound, given
to the computer during the input phase.
 Computers manipulate data to create
information. Information is data that
is organized, meaningful, and useful.

7. 7
Why Is A Computer So Powerful?
 The ability to perform the
information processing cycle with
amazing speed.
 Accuracy.
 Ability to store huge amounts of
data and information.
 Ability to communicate with other
computers.

8. 8
How Does a Computer Know
what to do?
 It must be given a detailed list of
instructions, called a compute
program or software, that tells it
exactly what to do.
 Once the program is stored in memory
the compute can start the operation by
executing the program instructions one
after the other.

9. 9
What Are The Primary
Components Of A Computer ?
 Input devices.
 Central Processing
Unit (containing
the control unit
and the
arithmetic/logic
unit).
 Memory.
 Output devices.
 Storage devices.

10. 10
Input Devices
Keyboard.
Mouse
Scanner
Microphone
Digital camera

11. 11
The Keyboard
The most commonly used input device is
the keyboard on which data is entered by
manually keying in or typing certain keys.
A keyboard typically has 101 or 105 keys.
`

12. 12
The Mouse
Is a pointing device which is used to control the
movement of a mouse pointer on the screen to
make selections from the screen.

13. 13
The Central processing Unit
The central processing unit (CPU) contains
electronic circuits that cause processing to occur.
The CPU interprets instructions to the computer,
performs the logical and arithmetic processing
operations, and causes the input and output
operations to occur. It is considered the “brain” of
the computer.

14. 14
Memory
Memory also called Random Access Memory or
RAM (temporary memory) is the main memory of
the computer. It consists of electronic components
that store data including numbers, letters of the
alphabet, graphics and sound. Any information
stored in RAM is lost when the computer is turned
off.
Read Only Memory or ROM is memory that is
etched on a chip that has start-up directions for
your computer. It is permanent memory.

15. 15
Output Devices
Output devices make the
information resulting from the
processing available for use. The
two output devices more
commonly used are the printer
and the computer screen.
The printer produces a hard copy
of your output, and the computer
screen produces a soft copy of
your output.

16. 16
Storage Devices
Auxiliary storage devices are used to store
data when they are not being used in
memory. The most common types of
auxiliary storage used on personal
computers are floppy disks, hard disks
,flash and CD-ROM drives.

17. 17
Compact Discs
 A compact disk (CD), also called an optical disc,
is a flat round, portable storage medium that is
usually 4.75 inch in diameter.
 A CD-ROM (read only memory), is a compact
disc that used the same laser technology as
audio CDs for recording music. In addition it can
contain other types of data such as text,
graphics, and video.
 The capacity of a CD-ROM is 650 /700 MB of
data.

18. 18
Computer Software
Computer software is the key
to productive use of
computers. Software can be
categorized into two types:
 Operating system software
 Application software.

19. 19
Operating System Software
Operating system software tells the computer how to
perform the functions of loading, storing and
executing an application and how to transfer data.
Today, many computers use an operating system
that has a graphical user interface (GUI) that
provides visual clues such as icon symbols to help
the user. DOS (Disk Operating System) is an older
but still widely used operating system that is text-
based.

20. 20
Application Software
Application Software consists of programs that tell
a computer how to produce information. Some of
the more commonly used packages are:
 Word processing
 Electronic spreadsheet/excel
 Database
 Presentation graphics

21. 21
Word Processing
 Word Processing software is used to create
and print documents. A key advantage of word
processing software is that users easily can
make changes in documents.

22. 22
Electronic Spreadsheets
 Electronic spreadsheet software allows the
user to add, subtract, and perform user-
defined calculations on rows and columns of
numbers. These numbers can be changed and
the spreadsheet quickly recalculates the new
results.

23. 23
Database Software
 Allows the user to enter, retrieve, and update
data in an organized and efficient manner,
with flexible inquiry and reporting capabilities.

24. 24
Presentation Graphics
 Presentation graphic software allows the user
to create documents called slides to be used in
making the presentations. Using special
projection devices, the slides display as they
appear on the computer screen.

25. 25
Introduction to Windows
Windows are a personal computer operating
system from Microsoft that, together with
some commonly used business applications
such as Microsoft Word and Excel,
Example of windows
Windows 3.0 and 3.11
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows NT
Windows 2000
Windows Me
Windows XP
Windows Vista

26. 26
The Windows XP Desktop
The Windows XP Desktop Above in fig 1.1 you can see an example of the
Windows XP desktop. When you first switch on your machine and
Windows XP loads, it will look similar to that shown in our example
(although Windows XP by default has a picture for the desktop
background).

27. 27
Desktop refers to the main background
area (in our example the white area). You
can customize your desktop in various
ways, including adding a background
picture, changing the background color,
and changing the size of the icons on the
desktop.

28. 28
First right-click on the desktop and then left click on
Properties from the menu that appears.
The display properties dialogue box will appear as shown in
fig 1.1 below, click on the settings tab at the top right of the
box.
Changing screen resolution
in Windows XP

29. 29
Screen Resolution
This slide bar is what you use to change the
resolution, the options you have will depend
on your graphics card and monitor, but the
standard options are 800x600, 1024x768 and
1152x864.

30. 30
Introduction to the Windows Desktop Icons
Icons are small graphical images that can represent your
computer's programs, files, folders and printers amongst other
things
To activate the program/file/folder that an icon
represents you simply double click (two clicks in
quick succession) on it with the left mouse
button. This will activate the icon and either start
a program or open a file/folder.
The icons on your desktop can be renamed by
right clicking on them and selecting Rename
They can be deleted by right clicking and
selecting Delete

31. 31
you may have different icons including My
Documents and the recycle bin icon.
Recycle Bin
When you delete a file, Windows XP will place the file
into the recycle bin (instead of deleting it altogether),
this allows you to restore the file in case you deleted
it by mistake.
For example, if you deleted a file by accident you could
double click on the recycle bin icon to see its contents.
Inside you will see the file/folder that you deleted, to
restore the file back to where you deleted it from,
right click on it and then select restore from the
menu that appears.

32. 32
The Win XP Start button
The start button (see fig 1.1) is a very
important part of Windows XP. Clicking on
the start button opens up what is called the
start menu, the start menu is used to access
your programs, settings
The Start Menu Overview

33. 33
In fig 1.1 above is an example of a typical start menu.
Here is an overview of the different options:
Log off - Log off the current user.
Turn Off Computer - shutdown, restart and standby.
All Programs - Access to installed programs.
Printers and Faxes - Access to your printers and faxes folder,
allows you to add and configure printers/faxes.

34. 34
Control Panel - The control panel is used to configure various
Windows XP settings.
My Computer - Gives you access to your computer's disk
drives and files. We will be looking more closely at the My
Computer function later in the tutorial.

35. 35

36. 36
Turn off computer
If you click on the Turn Off Computer option on the start menu you will
see a dialogue box like that shown in fig 1.2, below is a summary of the
options available:
Turn Off - Shuts down the PC, always use this option to turn off your
PC.
Restart - this will restart the computer
Standby - This will put your computer into standby mode. Windows XP
will power down components like the monitor and hard drive to preserve
energy.

37. 37
The All Programs Menu
When you hover the mouse over All Programs on
the start menu, you will see a menu appear similar to
that shown in fig 1.3. The menu gives you to access
the programs currently installed on your PC.
Your menu will be different from our example, as you
will have different programs installed on your PC.
To open a program simply left click on it with the left
mouse button. Notice some options have a small
black arrow to the right hand side, this indicates that
it contains another sub-menu.

38. 38
T
h
e
A
l
l
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
M
e

39. 39
For example, the accessories folder in our
example has a sub-menu, if you wanted to open
a program from within the sub-menu, you would
however the mouse pointer over accessories and
click on the program you want from the list that
appears.
You can rename any program on the menu by right
clicking on it and selecting rename from the
menu that appears.
After installing new software it will (usually)
appear on the programs menu.
To remove a program from the All programs
menu simply right click on it and select Delete